Abraham Samuel

Abraham Samuel[a] (maayii e hitaande 1705), ganndiraaɗo kadi « Deaan Tuley-Noro » walla « Tolinar Rex » , ko jommbaajo mulaato e nder geec Inndo e balɗe Rondo wuyɓe e darorɗe kitaale 1690. Ina wiyee o jibinaa ko to Martinik walla Jamayka, walla ina gasa tawa ko to Anosy, Madagaskaar. Laana ndiwoowa yani e laawol makko ummoraade Madagaskaar fayde New York, o ardii ko juuti laamu wuyɓe e Antanosy, gila Fort Dauphin, Madagaskaar (Tôlanaro hannde), tuggi 1697 haa o maayi toon e hitaande 1705.

Tariya

E hitaande 1696, Samuel ari e maayo Arabi, o woniino gardiiɗo laana ndiwoowa e les njiimaandi kapiteen pirateeji biyeteeɗo John Hoar e nder laana makko biyeteeɗo John e Rebecca. Ɓe mbaɗi njulaagu to nokku njulaagu Adam Baldridge to Ile Ste. Marie e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1697.[1] Yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndi murtuɓe njani e hoɗorde Baldridge, ɓe mbari heen wuyɓe heewɓe, haa arti noon e Hoar.[2] Samuel e won e yimɓe heddiiɓe e laana ndiwoowa, njippini laana ndiwoowa John e Rebecca, ɓe njippii e daande maayo fuɗnaange Madagaskaar, ina ɗaɓɓa jiyaaɓe ngam artude e maɓɓe e nder Aduna Keso oo. E lewru oktoobar 1697, nde ɓe ngoni e laana ndiwoowa to laana ndiwoowa to wuro Farayse ngo acci, hono Fort Dauphin, henndu ari, taƴi ɓoggi laana maɓɓe, yani e laana maɓɓe. Ɓe ndartiima e nder ŋoral gonngal e ŋoral, ɓe ngoni ko e ɗaminaade laana ngoɗka ina ara hisna ɓe. Laamiiɗo mawɗo laamiiɗo Antanosy yi'i laanawol ngol, o teskii maandeeji jibinannde dow ɓanndu Samuwel. O hollitii wonde Samuel ko ɓiyiiko mo ɓooyi majjude, mo jom suudu makko Faraysenaajo[b] ƴetti nde o ummii Fort Dauphin e hitaande 1674. O rokkaa tiitoonde Deaan Tuley-Noro (walla Tolinar Rex) : « Deaan, ina waawi wonde ». teskaama, ko tiitoonde teddungal winndereyankoore, maantiniinde joom mum."[3] E wondude e 20 wondiiɓe mum pirateeji jogiiɗi kaɓirɗe keewɗe, wonnooɓe e garde makko e 300 soldaat Antanosy, Samuel anndinaama laamɗo diiwaan taariiɗo Fort Dauphin, haa jooni o ƴetti tiitoonde "Laamɗo e Fort Daufin, Tollanare, Farrawe, Fankest, e Fownzahira".[4] O joginoo ko laanaaji mawɗi 15, omo wondi e hare e laamɗo Antanosy biyeteeɗo Diamarang Diamera.[3]

1699 Ibraahiima Samuel ɓataake ummoraade e biro binnditagol yimɓe leydi Angalteer

E hitaande 1698, John Cruger toɗɗaa yo won Supercargo e gardagol Kapiteen Henri Appel laana jiyaaɓe New York biyeteeɗo Annabi Daaniyel. Ko Madagaskaar fotnoo soodde jiyaaɓe, waɗta ɗum en e hoɗorde Samuwel to Fort Dauphin e lewru ut 1699. Nde Cruger woni e leydi, wuyɓe Evan Jones, jolni laana mum Beckford Galley e sara Annabi Daaniyel. Pirateeji makko mbeltiima e laanaaji Daniyel, jamma oo nanngi laana maɓɓe, ndartini.[5] Cruger dogi arti e laana kaa, o yamiri soldateeɓe Samuel yo ndartu wuyɓe ɓee e yiite musket. Nde ɗum nafataa o etinooma waɗde soldateeɓe Samuwel taƴde kaɓirɗe laana kaa. Samuwel naati heen, yamiri soldateeɓe mum yo ndaro; nde Cruger salii, Samuel ƴetti geɗe njulaagu ɗe o addi ɗee fof, o hollitii wonde o yoɓaama ngam wallude wuyɓe ɓee.[5] Cruger ina haɓanoo e laana ndiwoowa mum e nder dingiral mum feewde Madagaskaar (heewɓe e maɓɓe ina njoɓa njoɓdi) tee heewɓe e maɓɓe ina njiɗi jokkondirde e Jones, o yahdi e laana ndiwoowa ngam jokkude njulaagu makko. Samuel soodi Annabi Daniyel e wuyɓe nayo woɗɓe ɓe Edward Woodman ardii, o rokki ɓe ɓataake yeeyirde siynaango.[5] Kapiteen Nelaaɗo ɓennuɗo oo, hono Henry Appel, naatii e wuyɓe ɓee kadi. Cruger warti haa New England nder laanawol maccuɓe feere, o yahi haa o laati meer wuro New York diga hitaande 1739 haa o maayi nder hitaande 1744.[6]

Samuel jokki e luulndaade laanaaji e nder leydi ngam loppitde ɗi, hay so tawii noon e sahaaji o yeeyata e maɓɓe e nokku hee caggal nde o yoɓi ɓe njoɓdi ngam "layseeji njulaagu". E hitaande 1700, Kapiteen Littleton, konu laana ndiwoowa, hawri e Samuel, o weltini mo e rewɓe makko ɗiɗo e nder laana makko. Hitaande rewtunde ndee, laana jiyaaɓe Degrave rewi e « Port Dauphine », suɓii ko waasde dartaade ɗoon sabu « laamɗo oon nokku duunde ndee ina wondi e gaññeeje e denndaangal worɓe ɓaleeɓe, ina joginoo denndaangal Oropnaaɓe ɓe o hawri e mum en no feewi ». Degrave ɓooyaani ko yani, acci laana ndiwoowa seeɗa (ina heen Robert Drury, mo caggal mum winndata daartol caɗeele makko) ngam waɗde laawol mum en e nder jeyaaɓe e leydi Malagasy.[3]

Abraham Samuel wonnoo ko laamɗo haa jooni e darorɗe hitaande 1705, o ardii almuɓɓe makko e hare e laamu keedngu hay so tawii cellal makko ina ŋakki. O maayi ko adii nde hitaande ndee yaltata.[3] Laana maccuɓe Holanndeejo jolni to Fort Dauphin e lewru Duujal 1706 ngam yiytude Abraham Samuel nattii ɗoon e laamɗo Antanosy keso nokku oo yiɗaa yeewtidde e ko kewi e makko.[4] E hitaande 1707, laana ngoɗka tawi Fort Dauphin ina udditaa kadi ngam njulaagu, oo sahaa ko Tom Collins ardii ɗum, meeɗnooɗo wonde kaɓirgal Degrave.[7]

Ƴeew kadi

Adam Baldridge e James Plaintain, ɗiɗo woɗɓe wonnooɓe e wuyɓe, sosɓe nokkuuji njulaagu e nder Madagaskaar walla saraaji mum.

John Leadstone, gonnooɗo jommbaajo gorko biyeteeɗo « Kapiteen ɓooyɗo Crackers » sosɗo nokku njulaagu nannduɗo e oo to bannge hirnaange Afrik.

Teskorɗe

Innde sakkitiinde ina winndaa Samuwel, Samuwel, Samuwel, walla Samuwel.

Won e lowre (Grey, et al.) ina ciftora jom suudu makko ɓooyɗo ko Engele, Samuel e hoore mum ko Jamaykaajo.

Tuugnorgal

E ko nanndi heen, Daawuuda (2013). Les e Bannge ɓaleejo: Romans e goonga nguurndam hakkunde pirateeji. New York: Fedde muulngo suudu Random. ISBN 9780307763075. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 2017.
Jameson, John Franklin (1923). Privateer e Piracy e nder jamaanu koloñaal. New York: Makmilan. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2017.
Defo, Daniyel; Oliver, Samuwel Pasfiil; Rokon, Aleksis (1890). Madagaskaar; walla, jaaynde Robert Drury, e nder duuɓi sappo e joy ko o nanngaa e ndeen duunde. Kadi sifaa Madagaskaar goɗɗo, mo Abbé Alexis Rochon. Londres: T.F. Unwin. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 6 sulyee 2018.
Vallaar, Sindi. "Pirate en & Privateers: Daartol Pirate Maritime - Pirateeji ɓaleeɓe". www.sinndiwal.com. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 6 sulyee 2018.
Wilsoon, Jaaks Grant (1892). Daartol ciftorgol wuro New York, gila e jooɗorde mum adannde haa hitaande 1892. New York: New York History Co. pp. 285-286. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 6 sulyee 2018.
Marsagaali, Silwiya; Bonin, Huubeer; Butel, Pool (2000). Négoce, portooji e geec, duuɓi XVIe-XXe : mélanges offre à Paul Butel (e Farayse). Bordeaux: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Bordeaux. p. 222. ISBN 9782867812477. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 6 sulyee 2018.
Grey, Charles (1933). Pirateeji geec fuɗnaange (1618-1723): ko hello daartol luriid. Londres: S. Low, Marston e koɗki mum. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2017.