Amos Bronson Alkot

Amos Bronson Alkot

ɓii aadama

Jinsu	gorko
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku	Dowlaaji Dentuɗi
Sooma	Amos Bronson Alcott
Innde	Amos, Bronson
Innde ɓesngu	Alcott
Ɗuubi daygo	29 Jolal 1799
Ɗoforde	Wolcott
Date of death	4 Mbooy 1888
Place of death	Concord
Place of burial	Massachusetts, Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
Mother	Anna Alcott
Dee/goriiwo	Abby May
Marude	Anna Alcott Pratt, Louisa May Alcott, Elizabeth Sewall Alcott, Abigail May Alcott Nieriker
Relative	William Alcott
Wolde	Inngilisjo
Writing language	Inngilisjo
Sana'aji	poet, philosopher, teacher, writer, pedagogue
Field of work	philosophy
Position held	Farfesajo
Member of political party	Republican Party
Medical condition	stroke
Movement	transcendentalism

 

 From Wikidata

Amos Bronson Alkot ( /ˈ ɔː l k ə t / ; 29 noowammbar 1799 – 4 mars 1888) ko jannginoowo, binndoowo, filosof, e peewnitoowo Ameriknaajo . Ko o jannginoowo, Alcott ardii laabi kesi jokkondirde e sukaaɓe janngooɓe, o waɗti heen hakkille makko e mbaadi yeewtere, o rewi e jukkungo aada. O yaakorii ko timminde ruuhu aadee, ngam ɗuum, o wiyi ko ñaamde baɗte leɗɗe . O woniino kadi abolitionniste e daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe .

Jibinaa ko to Wolcott, Connecticut, e hitaande 1799, Alcott ina joginoo tan ko jaŋde toownde hade mum etaade waɗde golle yeeyoowo jahoowo. E kulol wonde nguurndam njillu nguu ina waawi waɗde batte bonɗe e ɓernde makko, o arti e janngingol. Laabi makko kesi ɗii noon, ina luurdi, tee o seeɗa jooɗaade e nokku gooto ko juuti no feewi. Darnde makko ɓurnde anndeede e janngingol ko to duɗal Temple to Boston. Ko o heɓi toon koo wayliima wonti defte ɗiɗi: Records of a School e Jeewte e sukaaɓe e Linjiilaaji . Alcott wonti sehil Ralph Waldo Emerson, o wonti neɗɗo mawɗo e nder ganndal ɓurngal mawnude . Binndanɗe makko e innde ndeen dillere noon, ina njenanaa no feewi nde tawnoo ɗe ngonaa gootum. Tuugnaade e miijooji makko ngam timminde aadee, Alcott sosi Fruitlands, jarribo ɓurngo yaajde e nguurndam renndo. Eɓɓaande ndee yanii caggal lebbi jeeɗiɗi. Alcott e ɓesngu mum ina kaɓa e kaalis ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam mum. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, o jokki e tiiɗnaade e eɓɓooji jaŋde, o udditi duɗal kesal e darorɗe nguurndam makko e hitaande 1879. O sankii ko e hitaande 1888.

Alcott resi Abby May e hitaande 1830, ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe nayo heddiiɓe, kamɓe fof ko ɓiɓɓe rewɓe. Ɗiɗaɓo maɓɓe ko Louisa May, mo o winndi e galle makko e nder deftere makko wiyeteende Little Women e hitaande 1868.

Nguurndam e golle

Nguurndam gadano

Ko o jibinannde Angalteer keso, Amos Bronson Alcott jibinaa ko to Wolcott, to Connecticut (ndeen ko ɓooyaani koo o wayli innde makko e « Farmingbury ») ñalnde 29 noowammbar 1799. Jibnaaɓe makko ko Joseph Chatfield Alcott e Anna Bronson Alcott. Galle ɓesngu nguu ina wonnoo e nokku ina wiyee Spindle Hill, baaba makko, hono Joseph Alcox, ina rewi e iwdi mum e koɗdiiɗo e jamaanu koloñaal to fuɗnaange Massachusetts . Galle oo ina winnda innde mum "Alcock", caggal ɗuum wayli ɗum wonti "Alcocke" caggal ɗuum "Alcox". Amos Bronson, mawɗo sukaaɓe njeetato, caggal ɗuum wayli binndol ngol e "Alcott", o woppi innde makko adannde. Nde o heɓi duuɓi jeegom, suka biyeteeɗo Bronson fuɗɗii jaŋde mum to suudu janngirdu wooturu e nder wuro hee kono o janngi no janngirtee e nder galle makko e ballal yumma makko. Duɗal ngal ina janngina tan ko jaŋde, binndol e binndol, o yalti e ndee duɗal ko omo yahra e duuɓi 10. Nde o yahrata e duuɓi 13, kaaw makko, hono Reverend Tillotson Bronson, noddi Alcott e nder galle makko to Cheshire, Connecticut, ngam janngude e hebloraade jaŋde toownde. Bronson woppi ɗum caggal lewru tan , o janngi hoore makko gila ndeen. O wonaano renndoyanke teeŋtuɗo kadi sehil makko tan ko hoɗdiiɓe makko e sehil makko ɗiɗaɓo William Alcott, mo o renndini defte e miijooji. Bronson Alcott caggal mum miijoyii e cukaagu mum to Spindle Hill : « ɗum waɗi mi laaɓde ». ... Mi hoɗii hakkunde tule ... Alla haaldii e am nde njahrat-mi e ladde." Puɗɗagol duuɓi 15, o golliima e waktuuji Seth Thomas to wuro Plymouth saraaji mum .

E duuɓi 17, Alcott heɓi jaŋde ngam heɓde seedantaagal janngingol kono o dañii caɗeele heɓde golle janngingol. E nder ɗuum, o yalti galle, o wonti yeeyoowo jahoowo e nder Amerik worgo, omo yeeyda defte e marsandiis. O yaakorii golle ɗee maa addan mo kaalis keewɗo ngam wallitde jibnaaɓe makko, "ngam ustude caɗeele maɓɓe, e teddeendi maɓɓe." ... e heɓde ɓe e ñamaale", hay so tawii o ɓooyaani o yoɓi ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu makko e sutura keso. E fuɗɗoode, o sikki ko golle jaɓaaɗe kono ɓooyaani ko o wondi e sunaare e wellitaare makko to bannge ruuhu. E lewru marse 1823, Alcott winndi miñiiko: "Peddling ko nokku caɗtuɗo ngam gollanaade Mammoar gooto, . joofnirde nguurndam makko, o fiɓtii ndee ɗoo humpito e nder deftere makko, New Connecticut, nde o fuɗɗii cirŋinnde tan ko hakkunde sehilaaɓe hade mayre yaltude e hitaande 1881.

Golle puɗɗaaɗe e dewgal

E nder ndunngu 1823, Alcott arti Connecticut e ñamaande baaba mum, mo o woppidi ɗum caggal nde o waɗi yah-ngartaa makko ɗiɗmo cakkitiiɗo ngam yeeyde mo, o dañaani heen nafoore. O ƴetti golle jannginoowo duɗal to Cheshire e ballal kaaw makko Tillotson. O yaawi waɗde feere ngam moƴƴinde duɗal ngal. O ɓeydi heen ɓalli e jooɗorɗe ɗe almuɓɓe njooɗii, o moƴƴini fitirlaaji e nguleeki, o ustii teeŋtinde jaŋde rote, o rokki kala almuudo slates gooto-gooto—ko kanko yoɓata. Alcott ina joginoo batte e filosof jaŋde jannginoowo Suisse biyeteeɗo Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, haa arti noon e waylude innde duɗal makko « Duɗal Pestalozzi Cheshire ».

Abby May Alcott e duuɓi mum cakkitiiɗi

Sifaa makko oo dañii hakkillaaji Samuel Joseph May, mo Alcott anndini miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Abby May . O noddi mo, "gorko hakkille, filosof, jom neɗɗaagal" o tawi miijooji makko e jaŋde "ina mbeltini no feewi". Yimɓe nokkuuji Cheshire ina pamɗi ballal, ɓe ngoni ko e sikkude laabi makko. Almuɓɓe heewɓe njalti, mbinnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde nokku oo walla duɗal keeringal udditaangal ko ɓooyaani ngam sukaaɓe worɓe. Ñalnde 6 noowammbar 1827, Alcott fuɗɗii jannginde to Bristol, Connecticut, haa jooni omo huutoroo laabi ɗi o huutortonoo to Cheshire, kono luulndaare renndo ngoo feeñii ko yaawi ; o alaa golle haa lewru marse 1828. O ummii ko Boston ñalnde 24 abriil 1828, o weltii ɗoon e ɗoon, o wiyi wuro ngoo ko nokku "ɗo annoore naange peewal ummii". O udditi duɗal sukaaɓe Salem Street lebbi ɗiɗi caggal ɗuum ñalnde 23 lewru nduu Abby May ɗaɓɓirii wonde balloowo makko jannginoowo ; kono, jom suudu oo ina jokkondiri, tawa ɓesngu nguu jaɓaani. Ɓe resndaa to suudu dewgal laamɗo ñalnde 22 lewru mbooy hitaande 1830; o yahrata ko e duuɓi 30, kanko o yahrata ko e duuɓi 29. Miñiiko ardii kewu nguu, jaɓɓungal ɓuuɓngal rewi heen to galle baaba makko. Caggal dewgal maɓɓe, Alcott en ngummii to 12 laawol Franklin to Boston, galle hoɗorde mo debbo gooto biyeteeɗo Newall ardii. Hedde oon sahaa, Alcott kadi adii hollirde e nder renndo mum mettere mum e maccungaagu . E lewru noowammbar hitaande 1830, kanko e William Lloyd Garrison ɓe cosi ko o inniri caggal ɗuum "Fedde haɓantoonde maccungaagu", hay so tawii noon o seerti e Garrison ko o neɗɗo mo haɓaaki . Alcott wonti tergal e Goomu Jeertinaango Boston .

Ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe

Puɗɗagol hitaande 1836, Alcott naati e fedde wiyeteende Transcendental Club, waɗi mo e fedde yimɓe hono Ralph Waldo Emerson, Orestes Brownson e Teodoor Parker . O wonti tergal e batu ɗiɗaɓuru fedde nde, o jaɓɓii tataɓo mum. Winndiyanke gooto e nguurndam Emerson siftinii fedde nde ko "joɗnde sahaa e sahaa fof e nder fedde waylowaylo miijotooɓe rimɓe, nanondirɓe e hay huunde so wonaa rimɗude". Frederic Henry Hedge winndi noon wonde "[t]oo alaa fedde e nder maanaa tiiɗɗo." ... ko batuuji sahaa e sahaa fof hakkunde worɓe e rewɓe nannduɓe e miijo". Alcott ɓuri yiɗde ko helmere "Symposium" wonande fedde maɓɓe.

Ɓiɗɗo Alcott gooto, jibinaaɗo ñalnde 6 abriil 1839, wuuri ko hojomaaji seeɗa tan. Abby May winndi: "Jibbinii suka gorko moƴƴo, timmuɗo, timmuɗo, kono wuuraani".

E darorɗe lewru abriil 1840, Alcott ummiima wuro wiyeteengo Concord, no Emerson wiyri ɗum nii. O renndini galle mo o inniri Dove Cottage fotde 50 dolaar hitaande kala e nder galle Emerson Ko o ballitooɗo filosofiiji Alcott, Emerson hollitii wonde ina waawi wallude Alcott e binndol mum. Ɗum hollitii golle caɗtuɗe. Yeru, caggal ƴeewndo keewngo e binndol « Psyche » (nate Alcott no o jannginiri ɓiɓɓe makko rewɓe), Emerson miijii nde yaltataa. Alcott winndi kadi deftere nde mbaydi mum woni caggal golle Johann Wolfgang von Goethe nde yaltinaa e jaaynde wiyeteende The Dial . Emerson winndiino Margaret Fuller, e oon sahaa, wonde ko wiyetee " Orphic Sayings " koo, ina waawi "jaɓde muster & hay saabaade ko juuti & mawɗo", kono eɗe njaltinaa e yimɓe heewɓe, sibu ɗe ngonaa majjere, ɗe paamnaaka. Kanko Fuller o yiɗaa ɓe kono o yiɗaa mettinde ɓernde Alcott. Yeru oo feeñii e tonngoode adannde ndee:

Ñalnde 8 mee 1842, Alcott acci galle mum e juuɗe miñiiko biyeteeɗo Junius [1] ngam waawde yahde Angalteer e ballal kaalis ummoraade e Emerson. [2] Ko ɗoon o hawri e yiɗɓe Charles Lane e Henry C. Wright, [3] wonnooɓe wallitooɓe Alcott House, duɗal jarriborgal to caggal Londres tuugingal e laabi duɗal Alcott Temple. [2] Ɓe ndewi e Alcott ɓe ngarti e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, e nder jarribo renndo adanngo, Lane e ɓiyiiko ngummii e Alcott en. [4]

E nder heen miijooji Lane ɗi njiɗnoo ittude, Alcott ƴetti feere ngam haɓaade peeje hooreejo leydi Tyler ngam waɗtude Texas leydi maccuɓe, o salii yoɓde njoɓdi makko e wooteeji . [1] Abby May winndi e jaaynde mum ñalnde 17 lewru bowte hitaande 1843, "ñalngu won e weltaare, nde tawnoo Mr. Alcott saliima yoɓde njoɓdi wuro mum." ... Caggal nde o fadi seeɗa ngam waɗde [kasoo], o wiyi ko sehil makko yoɓi ɗum. Nii woni min ndartinaama e caɗeele ŋakkeende makko e nafoore torra ngam kuule makko." [2] Haala kaa jibinii Henry David Thoreau, mo seppo mum nannduɗo e njoɓdi woote 1,50 dolaar addani mo jamma e kasoo e binndanɗe makko " Civil Disobedience ". [3]