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Atomic fountain

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Fooyre atomik ina fotnoo mbayliigu atomik hiperfine, tawa ina ɗala duule atom coofɗe laser ina njippoo e nokku jokkondirɗo e les doole teddeendi. Duule atomik ɗee ina cooynee, ina ɓuuɓnee dow e laseruuji gonɗi e ɓuuɓde e nder mbaydi molaas optik. Jaltugol atom ngol ina fotndee no feewi e mikroo-ondeeji jokkondirɗi tawa atom en ina njalta e nokku jokkondirɗo oo. Fotde mbayliigu nguu ina waawi huutoreede e fotde waktuuji atomik haa laaɓa cer.[1]

Fotde mbayliigu atomik e nder ɓuuɓol atomik huutortoo ko feere Ramsey.[2] E nder strokeeji jaajɗi, feere Ramsey ina waɗi feeñninde ruulde atom e nder weeyo elektoro-magnetik (rf) juutngo ; fadde waktu T; ko juuti feeñninde ruulde ndee e ladde rf kadi; e ndeen fotde hol feccere atom e nder ruulde nde riiwtaa gila e ngonka puɗɗaaka haa e ngonka cakkitiika. So tawii ƴoƴre fannu rf ina resondira e mbayliigu atom, atom ina yiytee e ngonka cakkitiika.Ɓooygol mikroo-onde ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder mbayliigu atom e dow fotdeeji keewɗi puɗɗiiɗi.[3]

Njuuteeki feere Ramsey ina luurdi e waktu daɗndo T duule ɗee. Huutoraade ɓuuɓol atomik e ruulde atomik cooynde ina addana waktuuji daɓɓi e dow doggol leƴƴannde wootere, ko ɓuri heewde e ko waawi heɓde e waɗde feere Ramsey e dow lewru atomik ngulndu, tawa ina waawi jogaade waktuuji jokkondire e dow doggol sappooji mikroo-leƴƴanɗe. Ko ɗum huunde e ko addani NIST-F1, waktuuji ɓuuɓɗi cesium[4] jogiiɗi ŋakkeende dartagol feccere e...

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{\displaystyle 2\times 10^{-16}} ina waawi jogaade waktu ɓurɗo laaɓtude e waktuuji atomik kuutortooɗi lampaaji atomik naamnitooji, yeru waktu lampaaji cesiyum NIST-7, tawa ina waɗi ŋakkeende dartagol feccere e...

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{\hollirde 1\laabi 10^{-14}}.

Miijo ɓuuɓol atomik ngol fuɗɗii ko e kitaale 1950 ko Jerrold Zacharias[5][6] Zacharias etinooma huutoraade ɓuuɓri atomik huutortoondi lampa nguleeki atom, e nder miijo wonde atom en to joofnirde njaaweeki tokoosi e peccitagol Maxwell–Boltzmann ina mbaawi wonde semmbeeji tokoosi no feewi ngam waɗde laawol parabolik ngol njaajeendi mum en ina foti.[7] Kono tan, etaade ndee dañaani nafoore sabu atomuuji jaawɗi e nder lewru ina njirloo e atomuuji ɗi njaaweeki mum en famɗi, ina cirƴa ɗi.

  1. How the NIST-F1 Caesium Fountain Clock Works
  2. C. J. Foot (2005). Atomic Physics. p. 212.
  3. Template:YouTube
  4. Lee, W D; Shirley, J H; Lowe, J P (1995). "The accuracy evaluation of NIST-7". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 44 (2): 120–123. Bibcode:1995ITIM...44..120L. doi:10.1109/19.377788.
  5. M. A. Kasevich; et al. (1989). "Atomic fountains and clocks". Optics News. 15 (12): 31–32. doi:10.1364/ON.15.12.000031.
  6. Forman, P (1985). "Atomichron®: The atomic clock from concept to commercial product". Proceedings of the IEEE. 73 (7): 1181–1204. doi:10.1109/PROC.1985.13266.
  7. S. Chu (1998). "The manipulation of neutral particles" (PDF). Rev. Mod. Phys. 70 (3): 685–706. Bibcode:1998RvMP...70..685C. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.70.685.