Barm
Barm, ina wiyee kadi ale lewru,[1] ko foam walla scum sosaa e dow ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, ko wayi no biir, diine,[2] walla ñamri ngam ruuhuuji walla distillation etanol industriel. Ina huutoree ngam yaltude mburu, walla sosde fermentation e nder battane kese liɗɗi. Barm, hono no lewru nii, waɗaama kadi e millet leydi hawraama e ko foti yaltude e diine-tubs[3] e sahaa e sahaa fof ina huutoree e ɗemngal Engele ngam waɗde heen mbaydi (sourdough).[4] Pine ceertuɗe ummoriiɗe e barm, ko heewi heen ko Saccharomyces cereviae, ko maamiraaɓe e ko ɓuri heewde e mbaydiiji lewru e lewru baker e nder luumo.
Cake barm ko mburu softuɗo, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo ummoraade e Fuɗnaange-rewo Angalteer, e aadaaji mum, e nder aadaaji, e barm.[5][6][7][8] To leydi Irlande, barm ina huutoree e peewnugol ganni, mburu ɓuuɓɗo.
Emptintin, ko huunde nde galle mum nanndi e barme, tee ina heewi waɗeede e hop walla pataake e ɓuuɓri ƴiye cider walla ale, ko ɓuuɓri keewndi wonande hoɗɓe e gure teeru, woɗɗuɗe, walla e bakkaat mo ɓe mbaawi heɓde barme walla lewru.
Ƴeew kadi
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Tuugnorgal
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]- ↑ "Of Pearl Ash, Emptins, And Tree Sweetnin'". American Heritage (in Engeleere). May 2017. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
- ↑ Template:Cite EB1911
- ↑ Botham's of Whitby. "The story behind a loaf of bread".
- ↑ Reinhart, Peter (1998). Crust and Crumb. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-802-3. Reinhart derived the term from his training under Monica Spiller.
- ↑ John Ayto (18 October 2012). The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-964024-9.
- ↑ Angus Stevenson (19 August 2010). Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-19-957112-3.
- ↑ Allied Chambers (1998). The Chambers Dictionary. Allied Publishers. p. 129. ISBN 978-81-86062-25-8.
- ↑ Downes, John (28 July 2011). "BBC Food blog: The ale-barm method: Worthy of revival or just barmy bread?". BBC Online. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
...the original method of making yeast bread in Britain was a by-product of ale-making. When traditional ale is made, a yeasty froth appears on top of the fermenting liquid, the wort. This used to be scooped off, washed and added to bread dough in order to leaven it. Bread made this way is sweeter tasting than sourdough, and the leavening yeast used to be called 'barm'. Its unpredictability created the word 'barmy'. In the 19th century, the process was refined and industrialized, manufacturing it on a large scale with what is known today as 'baker's yeast', and used worldwide as the primary method of leavening bread. The barm method appears to be an ancient method developed by Gaelic peoples, and was quite different from that used in Europe, which is to leaven bread with a sourdough or leaven (the French call a similar product 'levain'). When the Romans first conquered Gaul, modern day France, they were astonished by the light sweet bread made by the Celtic inhabitants. Barm bread survived with the Celtic peoples in Britain, Scotland and Ireland, but was not common in Europe, being condemned during the Enlightenment as 'unwholesome'. In England, noblemen's bread, manchet, was always made with the barm method, whereas the commoners' bread, maslin, was a sourdough. Barm bread survived until World War Two, and even later in the North of England, largely as barm cakes. Curiously, the old method of making a sponge, or thick batter of flour and water with the barm was still used with the new industrially produced yeast, and was re-introduced to Europe from Vienna where the first yeast factories were established. This became popular in France as a 'poolish', the favoured method of making crusty bread such as a baguette.