Bill Baird (daraniiɗo)
| Jinsu | gorko |
|---|---|
| Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
| Innde | Bill |
| Innde ɓesngu | Baird |
| Ɗuubi daygo | 20 Korse 1930 |
| Ɗoforde | Brooklyn |
| Sana'aji | human rights defender |
| Janngi to | Brooklyn College |
Bill Baird (jibinaa ko ñalnde 20 suwee 1932) ko piilaaɗo hakkeeji jibinannde, mo won e jaayɗe mbiyata « baaba » dille hakkeeji jibinannde e ruttaade.[1][2][3] O nanngaa laabi jeetati e nder dowlaaji joy e kitaale 1960 sabu makko jannginde ko fayti e ruttaade e reentaade jibinannde.[4] Baird ina sikkaa ko kañum woni gadano, gooto tan mo wonaa awokaa e nder daartol Amerik, mo heɓi nafooje tati e nder Ñaawirde Toownde . [5]
E hitaande 1967, teemedde almudɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston ɗaɓɓiri Baird nde luulndii sariya Massachusetts kaɗoowo rokkude yimɓe ɓe resndaaka kaɓirɗe ngam haɗde jibinde. Ñalnde 6 abriil 1967, o waɗii yeewtere to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston, o rokki debbo gooto janngoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kondom e paaspoor foam (foam) ngam haɗde jibinde. Ɗoon e ɗoon o nanngaa, o fawaa e kasoo.[6] Wullitaango makko e ñaawoore makko ndee, haa arti noon e kuulal Ñaawirde Toownde (Cour Suprême) ƴettunoo e hitaande 1972 , hono Eisenstadt v. Baird, ngal tabitini hakke yimɓe ɓe resndaaka jogaade kaɓirɗe ngam haɗde jibinde e dow tuugnaade e dewgal.[7] Ñaawirde Toownde Amerik, hono William J. Brennan, Jr. winndii e ndeen kuulal : « So tawii hakke sirlu ina firta huunde, ko hakke neɗɗo waawde woppude naatgol laamu nguu e nder geɗe ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ina toɗɗii neɗɗo, so tawii ina jibina walla ina jibina ɓiɗɗo ». Eisenstadt v. Baird siforaama wonde « ina jeyaa e ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e nder teeminannde ndee fof e kala mbaadi walla e mbaadi fotde ».[8]
Nguurndam gadano
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Baird mawni ko to Brooklyn, o mawni ko e diine Lutheran tiiɗɗo .[9]
Haɓde e hakkeeji jibinannde
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Darnde Bill Baird ngam hakkeeji jibinannde fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1963 caggal nde o seedtii maayde yumma debbo mo resndaaka, jom sukaaɓe nayo, maayɗo e mboros coftal ɓalli. [10] Ko o gardiiɗo kilinik EMKO, peewnoowo kaɓirɗe jibinannde, o woniino e yuɓɓinde wiɗtooji to opitaal Harlem nde o yani e koridor, o ɓuuɓtii ƴiiƴam gila e koyɗe haa les. [5]
E hitaande 1963, o fuɗɗii rokkude EMKO sampleeji foam jibinannde ina heen e nder malls ɗo golle makko keewi hawrude e luulndaare diine.[11] O hulɓinaama nanngeede sabu makko renndinde foamre reenngo jibinannde tawa ko e njoɓdi to Hempstead, New York . [12] Baird sosi fedde ballal jibnaaɓe, caggal ɗuum o renndini kaɓirɗe ngam haɗde jibinde e nder oto mo o wayli, mo o inniri "Plan Van." [13] E hitaande 1966 Baird sosi fedde adannde ngam haɓaade jibinannde e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hofstra .[14]
O neldaa kasoo sabu jannginde jibinannde e renndinde binndanɗe jibinannde e nder wuro New York, New Jersey e Wisconsin . Jukkungo Baird addani rewɓe hono Anne Koedt haalde ngam daranaade mo. Ñalnde 13 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1965, o luulndii sariya New York jowitiiɗo e haɓaade jibinannde, sariya 1142. O nanngaa to Hempstead, NY, o fawaa kasoo sabu jannginde jibinannde e nder "Plan Van" makko mo o woni e mum oo. Caɗeele Baird ngaddi laawɗingol jibinannde to New York. Hooreejo Planned Parenthood Alan Guttmacher ñiŋii Baird, o wiyi wonde Baird "ina heewi weltaare, kala jom suudu yiɗde humpitaade ko fayti e jibinannde ina foti ɗaɓɓude cafroowo."
E hitaande 1966, Baird luulndii sariya New Jersey, kaɗoowo jibinannde caggal nde komisariyaajo wellitaare hulɓinii yo yummiraaɓe ɓe resndaaka kasoo, e dow sariya njulaagu. Nde Baird ari to Freehold, New Jersey e nder "Plan Van" mum ngam luulndaade sariya oo, o nanngaa, o sokaa sabu hollirde e yeeso yimɓe fof kaɓirɗe kaɓtorɗe jibingol.
Baird luulndii sariyaaji kaɗooji jibinannde e nder diiwaan Wisconsin e hitaande 1969, o nanngaa kadi o fawaa kasoo sabu hollirde "jibinannde e binndanɗe ɗe ngonaa moƴƴe" e jamaanu Northland College to Ashland .
Eisenstadt e Baird
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]E hitaande 1967, almudɓe duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Boston ɗaɓɓiri Baird nde luulndii sariya " Bonanndeeji luulndiiɗi laaɓal, neɗɗaagal, nehdi e njuɓɓudi moƴƴiri " mo Massachusetts tiiɗtini [15] [16] (ɗum woni Faandaare 272, kuulal 21A ). Ñalnde 6 abriil 1967 o waɗi konngol e 1 500 almuudo e woɗɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Boston, ko fayti e ruttaade e jibinannde, e pollugol nokkuuji, e ɓeydagol yimɓe. [17] O rokki almuudo debbo gooto kondom gooto e paaspoor foam ngam haɗde jibinde. [18] Polis nanngi mo ko fenaande, o fotnoo ko duuɓi sappo kasoo. [19] O ñaawaa, o ñaawaa lebbi tati e nder kasoo Charles Street to Boston. [20]
O haɓi ngam laawɗinde jibinannde tawa o alaa ballal e hakkeeji mawɗi jibinannde walla pelle rewɓe, keewɗe e mum en njani e makko. Betty Friedan mo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam haɓaade jojjanɗe aadee (NARAL) hollitii laabi keewɗi gila 1971 wonde Baird ko « golloowo CIA », ina jeyaa heen bayyinaango jaaynde wiyeteende The New York Times .[21] E nder luulndaare makko e sariya Massachusetts, Planned Parenthood hollitii wonde "alaa ko dañata e golle ñaawirdu hono ɗeeɗoo. Laawol tan ngam ittude keeri heddiiɗi e sariya oo ko e laawol sariya."[22]
Tuugnorgal
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]- ↑ Barbara J. Love and Nancy F. Cott, Feminists Who Changed America, 1963–1975
- ↑ "'Father' of Birth Control, Abortion Movement Sadly Faces Another Jail Term", Boston (UPI), March 19, 1973
- ↑ "The Fiery Father of the Abortion Movement", The Examiner, June 25, 1980.
- ↑ Love and Cott, Feminists Who Changed America
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedReferenceA - ↑ Matt (22 March 2012). "The Short History of Our Right to Contraceptives: Eisenstadt v. Baird 40 Years Later". Planned Parenthood Advocates of Arizona Blog. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ↑ "Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438 (1972)". FindLaw. Archived from the original on August 23, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
- ↑ Lucas, Roy (Fall 2003). "New Historical Insight on the Curious Case of Baird v. Eisenstadt". Roger Williams University Law Review. IX (1): 48.
- ↑ Gruson, Lindsey (1993-04-14). "Abortion-Rights' Scorned Prophet; Hated by Both Sides, Bill Baird Raises Hackles, Not Funds". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
- ↑ Love and Cott, Feminists Who Changed America
- ↑ "Contraceptives Handed Out". Newsday. November 9, 1963. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "Hempstead Forbids Sidewalk Giveaway of Birth Control Kits". Newsday. November 23, 1963. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "He'll Defy the Law to Teach Birth Control in the Slums". Long Island Press. April 18, 1965. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "Students Back Data on Births". Newsday. March 24, 1966. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "William Baird makes history". Boston University News. April 12, 1967. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "Chapter 272: Crimes Against Chastity, Morality, Decency and Good Order". Massachusetts General Laws. Boston: The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
- ↑ "Birth Control 'Crusader' Arrested After BU Lecture". Boston Herald. April 7, 1967. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "Birth Control 'Crusader' Arrested After BU Lecture". Boston Herald. April 7, 1967. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "Crusader Baird Faces 10-year Prison Term". Long Island Star Journal. September 11, 1967. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "Baird Gets 3 Months For Birth Control Advice to Students". Boston Record American. May 20, 1969. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ Gaines, Richard (March 19, 1973). "'Father' of Birth Control, Abortion Movement Sadly Faces Another Jail Term". UPI. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ "Publicity--Too Much?". Planned Parenthood News. Spring 1967. Missing or empty
|url=(help)