Boil-water advisory

Wasiyaaji ndiyam ngulɗam (BWA), humpito ndiyam ngulɗam, jeertinaango ndiyam ngulɗam, yamiroore ndiyam ngulɗam, walla yamiroore ndiyam ngulɗam ko wasiyaaji walla yamiroore cellal renndo nde laamu walla laamuuji cellal goɗɗi ndokkata soodooɓe so tawii ndiyam njareteeɗam renndo ina wondi e mborosaaji walla ina waawi won'de ɗum.

E nder BWA, nokkuuji toppitiiɗi ko fayti e ñawuuji ina wasiyoo nde ndiyam ɗam waɗata e nder ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi fotde hojomaaji 10 hade mum ñaameede ngam warde porotozoaaji, bakteriiji e mborosaaji. E dow tooweeki ɓurtuki 2 000 meeteer (6 600 ft), ɓuuɓol ngol ina foti ɓeydeede haa hojomaaji 3, sibu ɓuuɓol les ngol e tooweeki toowki ina ɗaɓɓi waktuuji ɓurɗi heewde ngam warde ɗeen tagooje. Wasiya ndiyam ngulɗam ina heewi juutde haa waktuuji 24-48, kono won heen ko ɓuri ɗum.

BWA's ina keewi yaltineede so tawii ƴeewndo ndiyam gonɗam e soodooɓe ina yiytoo E. coli walla kollitooji mikroo-biyoloji goɗɗi kollitooji mboros oo. Sabaabu goɗɗo BWA ko ŋakkeende nuunɗal njuɓɓudi renndo seedtinirndi ŋakkeende doole njuɓɓudi. So tawii noon ŋakkeende nguleeki firtaani tan ko ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓnaama, ɗum firti ko pathogen ina waawi naatde e mbaydi ndiyam tuubaako, tawa ina nawtee e soodooɓe. To leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ɗum siforaama ko toɓɓere les 20 kiloo e nder inch kaaree (140 kPa).

Tariya

Wasiyaaji gadani anndaaɗi tuugiiɗi e ganndal tuugiiɗi e ndiyam ngulɗam (1866) Wasiya John Snow mo hitaande 1849, wonde ndiyam ina foti « filtirde e ɓuuɓde hade mum huutoreede » ina jeyaa e kuutorɗe gadane kuutoragol miijo gertooɗe ñawu nguu e fannu cellal renndo, kadi ko ɗum woni ko adii wasiyaaji ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam jamaanu. Snow hollitii faamde laaɓtunde miijo gertooɗe e nder binndanɗe mum. O adii yaltinde miijo makko ko e winndannde makko e hitaande 1849 wiyeteende « On the Mode of Communication of Cholera », ɗo o holliti e laaɓal wonde laawol fecal-oral ko laawol jokkondiral, tee ñawu nguu ina rewtina hoore mum e nder ɓalndu les. Snow caggal ɗuum yahi haa o holliti e laaɓal e nder deftere makko 1855, wonde sifaa kolera ko sifaa cellal. Miijooji Snow njaɓaaka no feewi so wonaa duuɓi seeɗa caggal maayde makko e hitaande 1858.

Wasiyaaji gadani anndaaɗi hannde ɗi ndiyam ngulɗam tuugiiɗi tan e miijo gertooɗe, ɗi ndarnaaka e wasiyaaji goɗɗi ɗi ngalaa nafoore, peccitaama e hitaande 1866 e nder balɗe tati mawɗe kolera cakkitiiɗe, ɗe mbonni Londres e teeminannde 19ɓiire.[citation needed]

Ko ɓooyaani koo

Ndee feccere ina wayi no ɓuuɓtii feewde e kewuuji cakkitiiɗi ɗii. Eto-ɗee jogaade kewuuji cakkitiiɗi ɗii e nder daartol e ɓeydude heen geɗe goɗɗe jowitiiɗe e kewuuji ɗi ngonaa cakkitiiɗi ɗii. (Noowammbar 2024) Wasiyaaji ndiyam ngulɗam ɓooyɗam waɗii to Asheville, to leydi Caroline du Nord, sabu henndu Helene. Ɗum waɗtaa ko ñalnde 15 oktoobar 2024. Ɗum yaltinaa ko sabu « ŋakkeende nguleeki e nder tuubaaji system distribution e toɓɓe partikulaaji e nder ndiyam ». Asheville Water Services Recovery hollitii wasiyaaji ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam maa njokku golle haa ñalnde 19 oktoobar 2024 nde tawnoo mbaydi ndiyam ɗam yahdaani e ko sariya ndiyam njareteeɗam laaɓɗam siforii.

Ƴeew kadi

2010 Ɓooygol ndiyam Boston

1998 Caɗeele ndiyam Sidney

Ko ñawu E. coli nguu woni e mum

Ndiyam ɗam

Pollugol ndiyam

Tuugnorgal^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7]

↑ Committee to Review the New York City Watershed Management Strategy (2000). Watershed management for potable water supply: Assessing the New York City strategy. US National Research Council / National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-06777-5. Retrieved 11 April 2011 – via Google Books.
↑ "A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment and Sanitation for Backcountry & Travel Use". CDC.gov. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
↑ "News". EPA.gov. US Environmental Protection Agency. 28 September 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
↑ Johnson, Steven (2006). The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic—and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. Riverhead Books. p. 206. ISBN 1-59448-925-4. Retrieved 19 November 2020 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Johnson, Steven (2006). The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic—and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. Riverhead Books. p. 206. ISBN 1-59448-925-4. Retrieved 19 November 2020 – via Internet Archive.
↑ "Boil Water Notice Issued for all City of Asheville Water Customers". Buncombe County Center (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2024-11-18.
↑ "Water quality and advisories". The City of Asheville (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2024-11-18.

[:0-1] Committee to Review the New York City Watershed Management Strategy (2000). Watershed management for potable water supply: Assessing the New York City strategy. US National Research Council / National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-06777-5. Retrieved 11 April 2011 – via Google Books.

[2] "A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment and Sanitation for Backcountry & Travel Use". CDC.gov. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 16 June 2012.

[3] "News". EPA.gov. US Environmental Protection Agency. 28 September 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.

[4] Johnson, Steven (2006). The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic—and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. Riverhead Books. p. 206. ISBN 1-59448-925-4. Retrieved 19 November 2020 – via Internet Archive.

[5] Johnson, Steven (2006). The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic—and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. Riverhead Books. p. 206. ISBN 1-59448-925-4. Retrieved 19 November 2020 – via Internet Archive.

[6] "Boil Water Notice Issued for all City of Asheville Water Customers". Buncombe County Center (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2024-11-18.

[7] "Water quality and advisories". The City of Asheville (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2024-11-18.

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