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Cukku

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Cukku (Cukku) ko ñawu nguu heewi heɓtaade ko juuti, ngu ɓuuɓnata ƴiiƴam ɓalndu.[1] Ina sikkaa ko maale mbayliigu e mbayliigu, ɓuuɓgol henndu mbayliigu, e ɓuuɓgol ɓuuɓngol no feewi.[2][3] Maale ɗee ko: sondaru, ɓuuɓri, wiɓɓere hiɓɓa, e juutde foofaango. Bonannde maale Cukku ɗoon e ɗoon, sahaa e sahaa fof ina wiyee ‘’attaque Cukku’’ walla ‘’exacerbation Cukku’’ ina waawi waɗde so alerji, pollen, duƴƴe, walla geɗe goɗɗe, ina foofa e nder ƴiiƴam, ina addana ƴiiƴam ɗam ɓuuɓde e feewnude ƴiiƴam ɗam, ɗam restoraa tooksiliverik.[4] Ɗee ina mbaawi waɗde laabi seeɗa e ñalawma walla laabi seeɗa e yontere. E fawaade e neɗɗo oo, maale Cukku ina mbaawi ɓeydaade bonde e jamma walla e fijirde.

Cukku ina sikkaa ko jillondiral geɗe renndo e nokkuuji ngaddata ɗum.[5] Geɗe weeyo ina njeyaa heen: ɓuuɓri henndu e alerji.[6] Ko waawi heen wonde fof, ina jeyaa heen leɗɗe ko wayi no aspiriin e beta-blockers. Ñawu nguu ina heewi tuugnaade e no maale ɗee njiyrata, no jaabawol ngol yahrata e nder sahaaji, e ƴeewndo golle ɓuuɓri spirometry.[7] Cukku ina renndinee fawaade e keewal maale ɓuuɓri doole e nder leƴƴannde wootere (FEV1), e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri ɓurndi heewde. Ina waawi kadi renndineede e atopik walla ko wonaa atopik, ɗo atopik woni ko jogori arde e ƴellitde mbaydi 1 gonndi e ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri.[8][9]

Alaa safaara anndaaɗo e ñawu nguu, kono ina waawi safreede.[10] Maale ɗee ina mbaawi haɗeede e rewrude e reentaade ko addata ɗum, ko wayi no alerji e ɓuuɓri fooftere, e suppiteede e huutoraade kortikosteroiduuji foofaaɗi.[11][12] Agonisteeji beta juutɗi (LABA) walla antileukotriyen ina mbaawi huutoreede e ko jiidaa e kortikosteroid foofaandu so tawii maale Cukku ina keddii e ƴeewteede.[10][13] Safrude maale ñawu nguu ɓeydotooɗe yaawde ko heewi ko e foofaango, ko wayi no salbutamol e kortikosteroid ƴettaaɗo e hunuko.[14] E nder caɗeele teeŋtuɗe, ina waawi ɗaɓɓude kortikosteroid e nder ƴiiƴam, sulfaat magnesium, e lopitaal.[15]

E hitaande 2019, Cukku ina heɓtoo fotde 262 miliyoŋ neɗɗo, ina addana fotde 461 000 maayɗo. Ko ɓuri heewde e maayɓe ɓee ko e leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe ɗee.[16] Cukku ina heewi fuɗɗoraade e cukaagu,[16] tee ina ɓeydoo heewde gila e kitaale 1960. Cukku ina anndaa gila e Misra ɓooyɗo. Konngol Cukku ngol ummorii ko e ɗemngal Gerek ἆσθμα (âsthma), firti ko ‘ɓuuɓde’.[17]

Sawta e maandolji

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Hoodere ɓuuɓnde no naniraa e stetoskop
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Cukku ina maantiniri ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri fooftere, ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri.[21] Sputum ina waawi yaltude e ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri kono ina heewi saɗtude addude. E nder cellal e ñawu Cukku (exacerbation), ɓuuɓri ina waawi feeñde no ɓuuɓri nii, sabu ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam ɓaleeri ina wiyee eosinophiles.[18] Maale ɗee ina keewi bonde e jamma e subaka law walla e jaabawol fijirde walla henndu ngulndu.[19] Won e yimɓe wonduɓe e Cukku ina famɗi ɗo keɓata maale, ko ɓuri heewde ko e jaabawol gonngol e ɓuuɓri, woɗɓe ina mbaawi jaabaade ko heewi e ko yaawi, ina keɓa maale duumotooɗe.[20]

Sartiiji jokkondirɗi

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Ko heewi e ngonkaaji cellal goɗɗi ina keewi feeñde e yimɓe wonduɓe e Cukku, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, e obstructive sleep apnea.[21] Rafiiji hakkille kadi ɓuri heewde,[22] rafiiji kulɓiniiɗi ina keɓa hakkunde 16 e 52% e rafiiji ɓernde ina keɓa hakkunde 14–41%.[23] Anndaaka so tawii Cukku ina addana neɗɗo caɗeele hakkille walla caɗeele hakkille ina addana neɗɗo Cukku.[24] Cukku jooni oo, kono wonaa Cukku ɓooyɗo oo, ina jokkondiri e ɓeydagol maayde e nder safaaraaji kala, maayde e ñawu ɓernde, e maayde e ñawu nguu e nder reedu les.[25] Cukku, haa teeŋti noon e Cukku tiiɗɗo, ina jokkondiri no feewi e ƴellitaare ñawu nguu (COPD).[26][27][28] Ɓeen wonduɓe e Cukku, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ko ko ŋakki e reentaade, ina ɓeydoo heewde baasal e reentaade raajo-kontrast.[29]

Kaɓirɗe ɓuri heewde feeñde ko e yimɓe wonduɓe e Cukku.[30][31] Ina gasa tawa ɗum jokkondirii e batte ustude ƴiiƴam (agonistes beta2-adrenergiques).[32] Ɗeeɗoo leɗɗe ina mbaawi kadi ustude baasal dental.

Patofisiyoloji

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Natal A hollitii nokku ɗo ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam woni e nder ɓanndu. Natal B hollitii taƴre gonnde e laawol henndu no woorunoo. Natal C hollitii taƴre gonnde e laawol henndu e nder maale asma.
Taƴre ƴiiƴam gonnde e laawol henndu ina hollira ɓakdi pinndi ɓuuɓndi e nder mum ina heewi muus daneejo
Uddugol lumen bronkiyol e eksudat mukoid, metaplaasi cellal goblet, e teddeendi membrane les epiteliyal e neɗɗo mo cukku
Natal asma

Cukku ko batte ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokku ɗo ƴiiƴam ɗam woni ɗoo (ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam), ko ɗum addanta caggal ɗuum ɓeydagol ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam ɗam taariindi mum. Ɗuum e nder geɗe goɗɗe ina addana neɗɗo ɓuuɓde ƴiiƴam e maale ɓuuɓɗe (classiques) ɓuuɓɗe. Naatgol ngol ina heewi wayleede tawa ina safree walla tawa alaa. Sahaa e sahaa fof, laabi henndu ɗii e koye mum en ina mbayla. Waylooji keewɗi e nder laabi henndu ina mbaɗi ɓeydagol eosinofiiluuji e teddeendi lamina retikulaar. E nder dumunna juutɗo, ƴiiƴam ɗam ina waawi ɓeydaade mawnude e ɓeydagol limoore ƴiiƴam ɗam. Ko wayi no limfositte T, makrofaaji, e neutrofiiluuji, ina heen sifaaji cellal goɗɗi. Ina waawi kadi tawa ina waɗi heen geɗe goɗɗe gonɗe e nder ɓalndu, ko wayi no sitokineeji, kemokineeji, histamin, e leukotrien e nder goɗɗi ɗii.

Firooji

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  1. ↑ "Asthma Fact sheet №307". WHO. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  2. ↑ NHLBI Guideline 2007, pp. 11–12
  3. ↑ GINA 2011, p. 20,51
  4. ↑ Scott JP, Peters-Golden M (September 2013). "Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 188 (5): 538–44. doi:10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP. PMID 23822826.
  5. ↑ Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1.
  6. ↑ GINA 2011, p. 71
  7. ↑ Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. PMID 20176271.
  8. ↑ Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster J (2010). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Saunders. p. 688. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5. OCLC 643462931.
  9. ↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary (28 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005. ISBN 978-0-7817-3390-8.
  10. 1 2 GINA 2011, p. 33
  11. ↑ NHLBI Guideline 2007, pp. 169–72
  12. ↑ GINA 2011, p. 71
  13. ↑ Scott JP, Peters-Golden M (September 2013). "Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 188 (5): 538–44. doi:10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP. PMID 23822826.
  14. ↑ Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A (February 2010). "Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies". Allergy. 65 (2): 152–67. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x. PMID 19912154. S2CID 19525219.
  15. ↑ Manniche L (1999). Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt. Cornell University Press. pp. 49. ISBN 978-0-8014-3720-5.
  16. 1 2 "Asthma Fact sheet №307". WHO. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  17. ↑ Murray JF (2010). "Ch. 38 Asthma". In Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE (eds.). Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine (5th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-4710-0.
  18. ↑ Jindal SK, ed. (2011). Textbook of pulmonary and critical care medicine. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. p. 242. ISBN 978-93-5025-073-0. Archived from the original on April 24, 2016.
  19. ↑ George RB (2005). Chest Medicine: Essentials of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7817-5273-2. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016.
  20. ↑ GINA 2011, pp. 8–9
  21. ↑ Boulet LP (April 2009). "Influence of Comorbid Conditions on Asthma". The European Respiratory Journal. 33 (4): 897–906. doi:10.1183/09031936.00121308. PMID 19336592.
  22. ↑ Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ (June 2011). "Asthma-related comorbidities". Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 5 (3): 377–393. doi:10.1586/ers.11.34. PMID 21702660.
  23. ↑ Harver A, Kotses H, eds. (2010). Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective. New York: Springer. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-387-78285-0. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  24. ↑ Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J (September 2011). "Asthma and psychological dysfunction". Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 20 (3): 250–256. doi:10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058. PMC 6549858. PMID 21674122.
  25. ↑ He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, et al. (January 2021). "Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study". Scientific Reports. 11 (1). Bibcode:2021NatSR..11.1329H. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4. PMC 7809422. PMID 33446724.
  26. ↑ Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA (July 2004). "Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study". Chest. 126 (1): 59–65. doi:10.1378/chest.126.1.59. PMID 15249443.
  27. ↑ de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, et al. (September 2015). "Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults". The European Respiratory Journal. 46 (3): 671–679. doi:10.1183/09031936.00008615. PMID 26113674. S2CID 2169875.
  28. ↑ Gibson PG, McDonald VM (July 2015). "Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six". Thorax. 70 (7): 683–691. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740. PMID 25948695. S2CID 38550372.
  29. ↑ Thomsen HS, Webb JA, eds. (2014). Contrast media: safety issues and ESUR guidelines (Third ed.). Dordrecht: Springer. p. 54. ISBN 978-3-642-36724-3.
  30. ↑ Martinez FD (January 2007). "Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal". The European Respiratory Journal. 29 (1): 179–84. doi:10.1183/09031936.00087906. PMID 17197483.
  31. ↑ Miller RL, Ho SM (March 2008). "Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 177 (6): 567–73. doi:10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP. PMC 2267336. PMID 18187692.
  32. ↑ Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, et al. (July 2007). "Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans". Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 4 (3): 226–33. doi:10.1513/pats.200701-029AW. PMC 2647623. PMID 17607004.
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