E. Ɓiɓɓe Kitch
| Jinsu | debbum  |
|---|---|
| Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
| Ɗuubi daygo | 1937 |
| Date of death | 1993 |
| Sana'aji | LGBTQ rights activist, writer |
E. Kitch Childs (11 abriil 1937 – 10 janvier 1993) ko ganndo hakkille mawɗo to Ameriknaajo, kadi ko daraniiɗo tawtoreede dille ndimaagu rewɓe to Amerik worgo e sahaa "wave ɗiɗaɓo" feminism e kitaale 1960 e 1970. Ko e oon sahaa ‘Terapi Feminist’ feeñi mo Childs ardii. E nder ndee ɗoo golle o daranii ko rewɓe tokosɓe, jommbaajo, gaynaako en e lesbiyen en. O woniino tergal sosngal duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago 's Gay Liberation e debbo afriknaajo-ameriknaajo gadano heɓde dipolomaaji mum doktoraa e ƴellitaare aadee to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago.
Jaangirde
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Childs janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pittsburgh, o heɓi bakkaa makko e ganndal kemikal . O woniino jom hakkille no feewi e jaŋde haa o timmini ɗum e nder duuɓi makko gadani. Caggal ɗuum, Childs naatii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago, o heɓi Master makko e ganndal e ƴellitaare aadee e hitaande 1972. O jeyaa ko e rewɓe afriknaaɓe-ameriknaaɓe adanɓe heɓde doktoraa to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago, kadi e ƴellitaare aadee. [1]
Nguurndam gadano
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Childs jibinaa ko to Pittsburgh, to Pennsylvania, ko suka debbo ɓurɗo famɗude e galle mum. Wondude e miñiraaɓe makko tato mawɓe, Childs ummiima Chicago, Illinois ngam hoɗde e neene maɓɓe. E kitaale 1940 Chicago ina seerti no feewi. Childs majjii miñiraaɓe mum ɗiɗo mawɓe sabu fitinaaji njiyaagu e cukaagu mum.
Kugal
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko, Childs naati e konu ndiyam Amerik . Nde Childs hebli naatde e golle, mbayliigaaji renndo tiiɗɗi ina mbaɗa. Heewɓe e ɗeen mbayliigaaji "ina njokkondiri no feewi walla no feewi e binndanɗe, e golle, e terapiiji ɗi psikoloji rewɓe mbaɗata. ".
E hitaande 1973, o fuɗɗii golle makko gadane e nder wuro Oakland, Kaliforni ɗo o gollinoo e safaara hakkille (psychologie clinique) fotde duuɓi 17. E nder oon sahaa, Childs golliima ngam tabitinde gollal mum e kiliyaneeɓe mum dariiɓe. O waɗti hakkille makko e toppitagol kuuɓtodinngol, jowitiingol e muñal. Feccere teeŋtunde e ɗuum ko huutoraade feere yoɓde (sliding scale) ngam ustude caɗeele e sarwisaaji makko. Ina anndaa wonde Childs yoɓataa won e kiliyaneeɓe ngam sessions. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, e nder duuɓi 27 ɗi o woni e Kaliforni ɗii, omo heɓa ƴeewndorɗe ñawbuuli, o teeŋtini tan ko darnde makko e golle makko. Nii woni, Childs « ina haɓa, ina wuuri no feewi les mbaawkaaji mum » nde tawnoo omo jokki e kiliyaneeɓe makko. [2] Ngolɗoo gollal ina haɓa e Childs no piilaaɗo e fannu ganndal hakkille, o jeyaa ko e terapist en adanɓe waɗde seppooji terapi e nder galle makko e nder galleeji kiliyaneeɓe makko. E ngalɗoo laawol e goɗɗum, Childs yiɗiino wallitde rewɓe ɓaleeɓe, e ko ɓuri ɗum, rewɓe ɓaleeɓe gaynaako en, e "softinde mbaydi safaara ɗo kiliyaneeɓe mum njiyrata ina njeyaa heen".
Fedde rewɓe e nder ganndal hakkillaaji
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Childs ko tergal sosngal Fedde rewɓe e ganndal hakkillaaji (AWP). [1] [2] Childs kam e wondiiɓe mum ɗiɗo, Phyllis Chesler e Dorothy Riddle, cosi AWP ngam ƴellitde ŋakkeende wiɗtooji yuɓɓondirɗi e hakkillaaji rewɓe. E fuɗɗoode AWP ko fedde rewɓe annduɓe hakkillaaji e gollotooɓe e nder fedde Ameriknaare annduɓe hakkillaaji (APA) ngam ƴellitde caɗeele rewɓe kiliyaneeɓe, annduɓe hakkillaaji, e dipiteeji. Childs huutoriima ngalɗoo daawal ngam wallitde rewɓe marginaal en, woni rewɓe ɓaleeɓe e lesbiyen en . [3] Yanti heen, o noddii APA yo waɗtu batte e waylooji no ɗeen pelle nokkuuji mbaɗirtee e fannuuji bankeeji, safaara, geɗe sariya, e njuɓɓudi jaŋde. [4] O anndi wonde heɓde sarwisaaji hakkillaaji moƴƴi ina ŋakki e ɗeen pelle marginaale. [5] Golle ɗe APA ƴetti ɗee ina njuumta e ɓeeɗoo rewɓe, ina njaltina cuɓe safaara ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗe njiyaagu, ɗe mballaaka e wiɗtooji jowitiiɗi e hakkillaaji rewɓe. [6] E hitaande 1973 AWP waɗii wiɗtooji keewɗi teskinɗi e nder hakkillaaji rewɓe haa ɗum anndiraa "Division 35" APA.