Farayse Elen Watkins Harper
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| Jinsu | debbum  |
|---|---|
| Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
| Sooma | Frances Ellen Watkins |
| Innde | Frances, Ellen |
| Innde ɓesngu | Harper |
| Ɗuubi daygo | 24 Siilto 1825 |
| Ɗoforde | Baltimore |
| Date of death | 20 Colte 1911, 22 Colte 1911 |
| Place of death | Philadelphia |
| Place of burial | Eden Cemetery |
| Wolde | Inngilisjo |
| Writing language | Inngilisjo |
| Lenyol | African Americans |
| Magnum opus | Iola Leroy |
| Memba en | National Association of Colored Women's Clubs |
| Award received | Maryland Women's Hall of Fame |
| Described at URL | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/07/obituaries/frances-ellen-watkins-harper-overlooked.html |
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (24 suwee 1825 – 22 feebariyee 1911) ko Ameriknaajo daraniiɗo woppude laamu, daraniiɗo suɓaade, jimoowo, daraniiɗo teddungal, jannginoowo, haaloowo e yeeso yimɓe, e binndoowo. Puɗɗagol hitaande 1845, o jeyaa ko e rewɓe afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe adanɓe yaltinɓe e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.
Jibinaa ko e ndimaagu to Baltimore, Maryland, Harper ina joginoo golle juutɗe, keewɗe, o yaltini deftere makko adannde e jimɗi e duuɓi 20. E duuɓi 67, o yaltini deftere makko janngeteende no feewi wiyeteende Iola Leroy (1892), o waɗti ɗum e nder rewɓe ɓaleeɓe adanɓe yaltinde deftere.
Nde o woni suka debbo e hitaande 1850, Harper jannginii gannde nder galleeji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Union to Columbus, Ohio, duɗal jokkondirngal e Egliis Episkopaal Metodist Afrik (AME). E hitaande 1851, nde o woni e galle William Still, gardiiɗo fedde Pennsylvania Abolition Society, ballitoowo jiyaaɓe mooliiɓe waɗde laawol mum en e laawol laana njoorndi les leydi, Harper fuɗɗii winndude binndanɗe luulndiiɗe maccungaagu. [1] Caggal nde o naati e fedde Ameriknaare haɓantoonde maccungaagu e hitaande 1853, Harper fuɗɗii golle mum ko e haalde e nder renndo e daraniiɗo politik. [1]
Harper kadi ina joginoo golle binndol teskinɗe. Deftere makko jimɗi e dow geɗe ceertuɗe (1854) waɗii nafoore njulaagu, ɗum waɗi mo yimoowo Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo ɓurɗo lollude hade Paul Laurence Dunbar . Daartol makko juutngol "Two Offers" yalti e ɗemngal Anglo-Afrik e hitaande 1859, waɗi daartol binndol ko daartol juutngol gadanol ngol debbo ɓaleejo yaltini. [1]
Harper sosi, wallitii, joginoo golle toowɗe e nder pelle ngenndiije keewɗe jahruɗe yeeso. E hitaande 1886, o wonti hooreejo fedde rewɓe Kerecee’en Philadelphia e Pennsylvania . E hitaande 1896 o walli e sosde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Rewɓe ɓaleeɓe, o woni cukko hooreejo mayre. [1]
Harper sankii ko e duuɓi 85 ñalnde 22 feebariyee 1911.
Nguurndam e golle puɗɗaaɗe
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
Farayse Ellen Watkins jibinaa ko e ndimaagu mum ñalnde 24 suwee 1825 to Baltimore, Maryland (oon sahaa ko dowla maccuɗo ), ko kanko tan woni ɓiɗɗo jibnaaɓe ndimaagu. Jibnaaɓe makko, ɓe inɗe mum en nganndaaka, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe maayi ko e hitaande 1828, ɗum waɗi Watkins wonti yaɓɓo nde o yahrata e duuɓi tati. [2] O mawni ko e neene makko e kaaw makko, Henrietta e Reverend William J. Watkins, Sr., ɓe ndokki mo innde maɓɓe cakkitiinde.
Kaaw makko Frances Watkins ko jaagorde to Egliis Episkopaal Afriknaajo biyeteeɗo Sharp Street . Watkins janngi ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Watkins ngam sukaaɓe ɓaleeɓe, ngal kaaw makko sosi e hitaande 1820. Nde tawnoo ko o daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil e daraniiɗo hakkeeji aadee, Reverend Watkins ina joginoo batte mawɗe e nguurndam e golle ɓiɗɗo mawniiko debbo.
E duuɓi 13, Watkins woni e golloraade sewnde e jom suudu e nder galle ɓaleejo jogiiɗo defterdu. O woppi jaŋde kono o huutoriima waktuuji makko ngam janngude e nder defte gonɗe e nder boowal hee, o golloraade binndol makko. [2]
E hitaande 1850, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 26, Watkins ummii Baltimore ngam jannginde ganndal nder galle to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Union, duɗal jokkondirngal e AME ngam janngooɓe ɓaleeɓe sara Columbus, Ohio . [1] O woniino jannginoowo debbo gadano e duɗal ngal. Union udditaa e hitaande 1863 nde Egliis AME wayli kaalis mum ngam soodde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Wilberforce, duɗal gadanal ngal ɓaleeɓe jeyi e golloraade. Duɗal ngal to Wilberforce ko diisneteeɗo John Mifflin Brown, caggal ɗuum wonti bismaango e nder Egliis AME. [2] Hitaande rewtunde ndee Watkins ƴetti golle e nder duɗal to York, Pennsylvanie . [1]
Golle binndol
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
Golle binndol Harper puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1839 nde o yaltini binndanɗe e nder jaayɗe luulndiiɗe maccungaagu. Politik makko e binndol makko ina nganndindira. Golle makko binndol puɗɗii ko duuɓi 20 hade makko resde, ko ɗuum waɗi golle makko keewɗe njaltinaa e innde makko adannde Watkins.
Harper yaltinii deftere mum adannde, Leɗɗe ladde, walla Leɗɗe ndunngu, e hitaande 1845 nde o heɓi duuɓi 20. Ndee deftere maantiniri mo ko daande abolitionist teeŋtunde. Koppi gooto e ndee deftere, ɓooyɗo majjude, yiytaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 21ɓiire, ganndo biyeteeɗo Johanna Ortner to Baltimore, to Fedde Taariindi Maryland e kitaale 2010. Deftere makko ɗiɗmere, Yimre e geɗe ceertuɗe (1854), ina yiɗaa no feewi. E nder duuɓi seeɗa garooji ɗii, nde yaltinaa laabi keewɗi.
E hitaande 1858, Harper salii woppude jooɗorde mum walla yahde e taƴre « koloñaal » oto trolley ceertuɗo to Philadelphia (duuɓi 97 ko adii Rosa Parks ). E hitaande ndee tan, o yaltini jimɗi makko " Bury me in a Free Land " e nder deftere wiyeteende The Anti-Slavery Bugle , ngol wonti gooto e defte makko ɓurɗe anndeede.
E hitaande 1859, daartol Harper « The Two Offers » yalti e jaaynde Angalteer-Afrik, ɗum noon ko kanko woni debbo ɓaleejo gadano yaltinde daartol juutngol. E oon hitaande kadi, jaaynde Anglo-African Magazine yaltinii winndannde mum « Our Greatest Want », nde Harper jokkondiri e mbaydi diineeji keewɗi, ko wayi no tooñanngeeji Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e tooñanngeeji leñol Hebree en nde ɓe ngonnoo maccuɓe to Ejipt. Magazine Anglo-African e jaaynde Anglo-African yontere kala, kam en fof ko jaayndeeji jamaanu wolde hakkunde leyɗeele, baɗnooɗi yeewtere hakkunde yiɗɓe haɓde e annduɓe.
