Florence Esté
Florence Esté (1860 – 25 abriil hiitande dubi alif 1926) ko Ameriknaajo pentoowo e nebam jibinaaɗo to Cincinnati, Ohio.[1] O golliima kadi e kolooruuji ndiyam, e pastel, e wonde etcher e graver. O anndiraama no feewi e nokkuuji makko, ɗi mbiyatee ko e golle naalankaagal Japon[2], ɗi nganndu-ɗaa ko "harmonie de color".[3] Obituary makko nder New York Times hollitii mo wonde "gooto e rewɓe ɓurɓe anndeede e pentugol leydi."[4]
Jaŋde e golle E hitaande 1874, Esté, suka jahroowo e duuɓi 18, yahdi Farayse e Emily Sartain, o janngi e Tony Robert-Fleury [5], o golliima e sehil d’atelier Emily Sartain e Jeanne Rongier.
Hakkunde 1876 e 1882, o janngi e Thomas Eakins to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania.[8] Hedde hitaande 1886-1887, kanko e sehil makko Cecilia Beaux e sukaaɓe rewɓe naalankooɓe woɗɓe hono Dora Brown e Julia Foote ɓe njanngi e William Sartain e nder duɗe naalankaagal keertiiɗe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde rewɓe to Philadelphia ɗo miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Emily Sartain woni hooreejo. [9][10]
E hitaande 1884, Esté janngi naatde e jaaynde Stephen Parrish. Parrish e gollodiiɗo mum Stephen Ferris mbinnditaama e duɗal nguurndam worɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania. Heewɓe e rewɓe wonɓe e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal mbaɗti wonde maantinirɗi e nder ummital eɓɓoore Amerik, ina jeyaa heen Esté, Gabriyel Clements, Blanche Dillaye, Margaret Lesley, Margaret Levin, e Mary Franklin.[5]
Florence Esté ummiima Farayse haa abada e hitaande 1888.[11] To Pari o winnditii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kolarossi[6], o janngi e Alexandre Nozal (1852-1929) e Rafael Kolin (1850-1916).[5] O woni ko e leydi Farayse e wolde adunaare adannde. Banndiraaɓe makko Elizabeth Nourse hollitii e hitaande 1915 wonde "Florence Esté ina penta kadi to Pari caggal nde o waɗi ndunngu welngu, sabu wuro ngo o gollotoo ngo ina foti yaltineede nde gaño oo ɓadtii."[11]
O wonti tergal e fedde ngenndiire naalankaagal to Farayse hedde hitaande 1909, o holliri ɗum e nder salonuuji Pari.[12][13] Natal makko Un Bourg breton (Wuro Breton) ko laamu Farayse soodi ɗum e hitaande 1918. Natal makko La Vallée (Falnde) ko Dowla soodi ɗum e hitaande 1921.[14] Won e nate makko ina njuɓɓinaa e Galle Luxembourg to Pari.[4]
O woniino kadi tergal teddungal e nder fedde colour ndiyam Philadelphia,[5] o jokki e hollirde e nder Amerik e nder koolol colour ndiyam Philadelphia hitaande kala,[15][16] duɗal naalankaagal Chicago e duɗal naalankaagal Pennsylvania.[17]. ][18] Kolooji makko ndiyam keɓi njeenaari PAFA e hitaande 1925.[19]