Gẹlẹdẹ

Gẹlẹdẹ spectacle Yoruba ko hollirde jamaa e maskuuji colourful ɗi hawrata ko e naalankaagal e jimɗi ritual ngam weltinde, jannginde e ustude dewal.[1] Gelede ina mawnina “Yumma” (awon iya wa), fedde nde ina waɗi taaniraaɓe rewɓe e laamɓe kam e rewɓe mawɓe renndo ngoo, e doole e mbaawkaaji ruuhuyaŋkooji ɗi rewɓe ɓee njogii e nder renndo.[1][2][3] Fotde wonaa tan e jibinannde e yumma kono kadi e jikkuuji renndo laaɓtuɗi e nder renndo Yoruba.[1]

Gelede e nder ngonka goongɗinal Yoruba

Ajenda renndo Gelede ina fawii e dow mbaydi Yoruba Eso l'aye (Aduna ina ɓuuɓi). E konngol goɗɗol, nguurndam ina tiiɗi, ina foti wuurde e hakkille e teeŋtinde dipolomasi, teskaade, teddungal e nanondiral.[1]

Iwdi Gelede

Duɗe ɗiɗi mawɗe ina ngoodi e iwdi Gelede, daartol e miijooji. Iwdi daartol ina jokkondiri e nokkuuji tati baawɗi wonde, Oyo ɓooyɗo, Ketu, e Ilobi. Ketu, gooto e ɓurɓe ɓooyde e ɓurɓe laaɓtude e golle Gelede ina jogii daartol iwdi laamɗo maayɗo e ɓiɓɓe mum ɗiɗo ɓiɗɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ina kaɓa e jappeere laamu. Miñi mum gooto, caggal nde o anndi o heɓataa jappeere laamu, o ari e peeje ngam warde ɓiɗɗo makko ɓiɗɗo jommbaajo. Nde miñiiko oo nanngi henndu e peeje o ari e peeje counter ɗe o waɗi ko sosde mask e neɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa fenaande. Iwdi miijooji ɗii ina jokkondiri no feewi e Iya Nla, walla Yumma Mawɗo, e jokkondiral mum e yumma e ɓiɗɓe ɗiɗo.[1]

Ko ɓuri heewde e miijooji iwdi Yoruba ina tawee e daartol diineeji anndiraaɗi Odu Ifa. Ko ina tolnoo e 256 Odu Ifa, heen gooto fof ina waɗi jimɗi keewɗi ina wiyee ese Ifa. Ese Ifa tipikal ko daartol neɗɗo walla daaba jogiiɗo caɗeele e laabi ngam safrude caɗeele ɗee. An ese Ifa hollitii iwdi Gelede ko fuɗɗoraade e Yemoja, "Yumma orisa fof e kala ko wuuri." Yemoja waawaano jibinde ɓiɓɓe, o naamndii oracle Ifa, o wasiyii mo yo o waɗ sadak, o yima e natal leɗɗe e hoore makko, e koyɗe makko njamndi. Caggal nde o waɗi ndeeɗoo hiirde, o heɓi reedu. Ɓiyiiko gadano ko suka gorko, ina wiyee "Efe" (humorist); mask Efe ina teeŋtina jimol e jeewte sabu neɗɗaagal innde mum. Ɓiɗɗo Yemoja ɗiɗmo oo ko suka debbo, ina wiyee "Gelede" sabu ko o ɓuuɓɗo no yumma makko nii. Kadi no yumma mum nii, Gelede ina yiɗi jimɗi.

Caggal nde ɓe ceerti e koye maɓɓe, Gelede walla jom suudu Efe waawaano jibinde ɓiɓɓe. Oracle Ifa hollitii ɓe ƴeewtoo ngool ɗoon njuɓɓudi ndi gollinoo yumma maɓɓe. Ko ɓooyaani koo Efe e Gelede mbaɗi ɗeen golle - ina njimra e natal leɗɗe e koye mum en, ina njimra njamndi e koyɗe mum en - ɓe puɗɗii jibinde ɓiɓɓe. Ɗee ɗoo golle ƴellitii haa wonti jimɗi mask Gelede, ko iwdi Efe e Gelede njuɓɓini ɗum.[1]

Ndee tinndol ina jeyaa e daartol keewngol cifotoongol iwdi Gelede. Miijo ngoɗngo hollitii wonde fuɗɗoode Gelede ina waawi jokkondirde e waylo-waylo weeyo ummoraade e renndo matriarchal feewde e renndo patriarchal.[1]

Renndo Gelede

Koolol Gelede ina ɓamta nanondiral renndo, sabu ɗuum worɓe e rewɓe fof ina njeyaa e nder renndo ngo. E jokkondiral mum e Iya Nla, walla Yumma Mawɗo, renndo Gelede ina jogii terɗe rewɓe keewɗe. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko addani ɗum jokkondirde e yumma e yummiraaɓe, kono kadi ko sabu goongɗingol wonde tawtoreede e nder ndee renndo ina wallita e jibinannde rewɓe. Tawtoreede worɓe e nder golle maslahaaɗe ina jokkondiri no feewi, sibu tawtoreede golle ɗee ina waawi kadi ɓeydude jibinannde. Hay so tawii worɓe ngonaa e hakkilantaagal e ndee ɗoo haala no rewɓe nii, sabu sifaa renndo Yoruba e darnde rewɓe e nder mum.[1]

Ngam waawde waɗde golle ceertuɗe e nder juulde Gelede, renndo Gelede ina toɗɗii ardiiɓe, pelle, e annduɓe ngam ƴeewtaade geɗe ceertuɗe e nder renndo ngo. Hay so tawii tiitooɗe ɗeen pelle e yimɓe ceertuɗe ina ceerti e nder renndo ngo, ko ɗeeɗoo geɗe ɓuri heewde :

Iyalase, Mawɗo Liman'en, maanaa "yumma suudu"[1] woni hooreejo ndee renndo Gelede. Ko kanko woni mawɗo jokkondiral hakkunde Iya Nla, renndo ngoo, e Fedde Gelde ndee. Golle Iyalase ɓurɗe teeŋtude, caggal toɓɓere jokkondiral, ko wonde gardiiɗo nokku Gelede, Ase, ɗo kanko tan waawi naatde.

Babalase, Mawɗo Liman'en, maanaa "baaba suudu"[1] woni gorko nannduɗo e Iyalase. Gollal makko mawngal e nder renndo Gelede ko yuɓɓinde kewuuji juulde Gelede. E nder jokkondire e wonde yuɓɓinoowo kewuuji Gelede, ko kanko woni gardiiɗo laawɗuɗo koppi e koɗki Gelede. Babalase ko, e haala ɓurka huuɓtodinnde, balloowo Iyalase ɗo o toɗɗata tan ko e jaɓgol Iya Nla e yummiraaɓe doole.

Abore, walla Limanjo Gorko, ko mawɗo gorko golloowo balloowo yimɓe yiylotooɓe moƴƴere form the aje ngam ritua maɓɓels. E nder won e renndooji ndee darnde ko ndonu, ina ɗaɓɓi ganndal keewngal ko fayti e diineeji e dewal e nder renndo Yoruba.

Elefe, walla Humorist, ko gorko jogiiɗo mask Efe ngam juulde Gelede. Ko golle makko duwanaade wellitaare renndo ngoo e ƴellitde jikkuuji ɗi ngonaa renndoyankooji tawa kadi ko daande renndo ngoo. Haalde e waɗde geɗe ɗe ngonaa e ooɗoo neɗɗo, ko ɗe renndo jaɓataa. Heewi fiyde ko gorko hakkundeejo walla mawɗo, ina haani wonde ganndo e binndol renndo ngoo,

Arugi, walla mask, firti ko "waɗde leɗɗe".[1] Oo gorko wonaa tan wonde jimoowo moƴƴo kono kadi ina foti wonde ganndo e nder tinndi e ɗemngal nokkuyankeewal ngam ƴellitde hoore mum e faamde ɗemngal mbaylaandi. Janngude ngal ɗemngal ina heewi fuɗɗoraade won e sahaaji e nder cukaagu nde sukaaɓe puɗɗii janngude jimɗi ceertuɗi ɗii. So tawii ɓe peeñii ina njogii karallaagal ɓee sukaaɓe ndeen ina njannginee, ina njaɓee ɓoornaade masiŋaaji ɗii e nder ñalngu Gelede nguu hitaande kala.

Onilu, walla Dumɓe, e nder haala Gelede ko annduɓe e jimɗi Gelede. Agberin, walla Chorus, ko worɓe e rewɓe ɓoorniiɓe comci nannduɗi walla gooti ngam hollirde mbaadi wonde fedde.[1]

Gelede njillu

Hay so tawii kewu Gelede ina waawi yuɓɓineede e kala sahaa e nder hitaande (ngam moƴƴinde nguurndam neɗɗo, ngam laɓɓinde renndo ngoo e ñawu nguu, ngam ustude toɓo, ngam alɗinde jibinannde aadee, ngam heɓde ballal doole guurɗe e "yumma doole". " e nder wolde, e teddinde maayɓe), ko ɓuri laaɓtude ko e nder ñalɗi hitaande kala. Sponsorship ina jogii darnde mawnde e mawnugol e ƴellitaare ɗeen golle. So golle ɗee mawnii, renndo ngoo ina waawi wallitde ɗum e nokku ɗo neɗɗo gooto walla ɓesngu nguu ɓuri famɗude.[1] Koolol Gelede hitaande kala ko renndo ngoo heewi waɗde ko ɗum waɗi ina heewi mawnude.

So ñalɗi juulde ɗii laaɓtuɗi, ko heewi ko e diineeji, Iyalase ina humpita mawɗo renndo ngoo e mawɓe leslese teeŋtuɓe. Ndeen mesasuuji ina njalta e denndaangal terɗe renndo Gelede tawa ko caggal wuro walla gollotooɓe to woɗɗi ngam hootde galleeji mum en ngam mawninde.

Koolol ngol fuɗɗotoo ko e hiirde jamma fof ina wiyee efe, nde mask gorko Efe, huutortooɗo satire ngam weltinde e jannginde. E fawaade e kulhuli renndo Gelede e jam e deeƴre renndo, haawnaaki tawa tiitooɗe didaktik ina ngarta e jimɗi efe.

Caggal nde jimɗi efe ɗii njoofi, ko ɓuri heewde e tawtoraaɓe ɓee ina ɗaanii subaka ngam heblude jimɗi kikiiɗe ɗii, ɗi mbaɗata ko e nder luumo hee, tawi ina waɗi jimɗi worɓe ɗiɗo, ina mbaɗa jimɗi jaawɗi e bempeƴƴe tiiɗɗe. Haani janngeede gila e cukaagu, maskooɓe ɓee ina poti waawde jokkondirde e daande koyɗe mum en e daande mbaylaandi tawa ina poti waawde anndinde solooji mbaylaandi e masiŋaaji goɗɗi ɗii.[1]

Kewu Gelede ina waɗi jimɗi, jimɗi e jimɗi, haa teeŋti noon e jimɗi baɗaaɗi no feewi. Ko worɓe mbaɗata golle ɗee, ina ɓoornii masiŋaaji baɗɗi natal dingiral tawa ina waɗi daabaaji e yimɓe walla masiŋaaji sewnde e mbaydiiji. Worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee ina mbaɗa rewɓe ngam weltinde, weltinde e weltinde yummiraaɓe ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ina njogii doole no feewi, ina mbaawi huutoraade doole mum en ngam waɗde ko moƴƴi walla ko bonnata. Ɗee baawɗe ina njokkondiri haa teeŋti e jibinannde. Baawɗe ɗe ɓe njogii ɗee ina mbaawi huutoreede e nder anniya walla e nder anniya.[4]

Kostum Gelede e mbaydi hoore

Maskuuji gelede ina ɓoornee e kosam ɗam ina waɗi laabi ɓoornanteeri laaɓtundi, colourful.

"Mask" Gelede ɓuri laaɓtude ko mbaydi hoore, nde tawnoo ina jooɗii e dow hoore, yeeso ɓoorniiɗo ɗum ina suddii mbaydi mbaylaandi. Koɗorɗe ɗee ina mbaɗi mbaadi hoore neɗɗo, dow heen ko motifuuji baɗɗi faayiida ngam weltinde ƴeewooɓe kono, ko jiidaa e ɗuum, ina heewi jogaade geɗe renndo ɗe mbaawi kadi hollirde e nder jimɗi jeyaaɗi e masiŋaaji ɗii. Koppi ɗii ina keewi waɗeede e pentirɗe jalbooje.[2]

E nder juulde Gelede ina waɗi koppi keewɗi ceertuɗi kuutorteeɗi. Feereeji ɓurɗi heewde ɗii ko : Ori Eniyan, walla hoore neɗɗo. E nder ndee fedde ina waɗi cate tati. Ɓeen jogiiɓe hairdos, ɓeen jogiiɓe ɓuuɓri hoore walla ɓuuɓri, e ɓeen jogiiɓe tagooje walla geɗe tokoose. Ko ngool mask ɓuri waawde jokkondirde e golle Gelede.

Ndeen woni Iya, walla hoore Yumma Mawɗo. Igi Efe, walla ko hoore Efe. Oloju Meji, mask mo yeeso ɗiɗi. Eleru, walla hoore jogiinde mbaydi dowri. Ndee ɗoo mbaydi ina waɗi toɓɓe keewɗe ko wayi no Ritual Bowl Carrier, golle, diine, nate, e satire. Rewi heen ko mbaydi Onidofoyi, walla koye ɗiɗi aadee jokkondirɗe e mask mboɗeeri. Yitere Ori walla mask hoore colli e Ori Eranko, walla mask hoore daaba.[1]

Yimɓe walla ɓesnguuji ina keewi yahde e kala ko ina addana ɓe waɗde koye mum en no mbaawirta nii, ina mbeltina. Ceerndagol motifuuji ɗii e denndaangal mum en ɗi ngalaa keerol ina saɗtina etaade mahde tipolooji koppi Gelede.[1]

Ko ɓuri heewde e mbaydiiji koye ina njogii mbaydiiji yeeso, gila e maandeeji leñol haa e mbaydiiji pawaaɗi, ɗi njuumri walla ɗi pentiir.

Babatunde Lawal winndi: "Ko hoore ko e kosam ko hoore (ori) woni e ɓanndu neɗɗo. Ko ɗum indeks anndinde e mbaydi neɗɗaagu mask so tawii ko e nder mask. Hay so tawii ko komik." ko heewi feeñde e dow ŋoral, yeeso les njiimaandi ina heddii e deeƴre, hono no teeŋtinirta ko woni nguurndam - e haajuuji wuurde nguurndam e hakkille teeŋtuɗo."[1]

Kostumuuji golle Gelede ina njokkondiri no feewi e jokkondiral rewɓe e yumma renndo. Ina waɗi saak ɓiɗɗo, koppi, ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri njamndi, panneeji koloñaal, ɓuuɓri puccu, e fannu, geɗe koɗki Gelede ina njogii maanaaji keewɗi. Yeru, sash ɓiɗɗo ina hollira yumma mum ina ñammina kadi ina wona ballal e nder kosam ɗam e hoore mum. Koolol ñalnde kala e nder ñalɗi Gelede ɓuri laaɓtude e ɓuuɓde so yerondiraama e golle jamma, so wonaa koɗki Efe. Ko ɗum waɗi e nder golle jamma ɗee, koɗkiiji ɗii ɓuri saɗtude yiyeede, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa ina waɗi koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi tigi rigi ɗi njiyataa.[1]

Tuugnorgal

1. Lawal, Baabatunde (1996). Koolol Gèlèdé : naalankaagal, jinnaaɓe, e nanondiral renndo e nder pinal Afrik. Seattle: Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wasinton. ISBN 978-0-295-97599-3.
2. Siegman, Wiliyam C.; Adande, Yuusuf; Dumuusel, Kevin D. (2009). Naalankaagal Afrik teeminannde to galle mooftirɗo Brooklyn. Buruklin, NY: Duɗal daartol Buruklin. ISBN 978-3791343211.
3. Wasinton, Teresa N. (2014). Architects gonndigal: Aje nder Yoruba Kosmoloji, Ontoloji, e Orature. Tornaado Oya. 196 haa 199. ISBN 9780991073016.
4. Koolol naalankaagal Birmingham (2010). Musiyum naalankaagal Birmingham: Ardorde ko fayti e mooftirgel. Londres: Giles. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-904832-77-5. Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 10-09-2011. Heɓtinaama e hitaande 2011-07-01.