Haaliifaare Sokoto

Diiwal Islaama nɗer hirna Afrik (1804-1903) Haaliifaare sokoto annɗiraaɗe ndwegu laamu fulɓe koɗe sultaanre ɗun sokoto un ɓe julɓe sunna haaliifaare ɗer hirna Afrik. Ɗun tiggaaɗe Usmaanu ɓii Foodi nɗer 1804 yaake ɗe Jihaadi fulɓe ɓaawo honuuki dawlaaji hawsaa’en nɗer honnaɗu fulɓe. Keerol haaliifaare ɗun nɗe wuttuɗu ɓe nɗe hannɗe nyalɗe kamerun, Burkina faso, Niijaar e Naajeeriya.^[1] Ɗum hawtiidiri wakkatire nɗe ɓe British e jaamusanko’en nasti nɗer lardu nɗun nɗer 1903 e heɓannki ɗum nɗe hebnuuki heesoo tiggaaɗe woylaare Naajeeriya hakkilanaaɗe e kamerun fuu. Mbe haaliifaare wonnɗe ɓaawo ɓe dawlaawal laamiɗo hausa’en yunfa enndude e habdai e Usmaanu bii Fodii nɗer 1902.^[2] Ɗer dokkal e noggiɓe Usmaanu e tokkuɓe mun eggi haaɗe guɗu ɗer cholte 1804. Tokkuuɓe Usmanu ngannimo mubaagisa tokkimo tiggi tuutawal ngal Usmaanu edow komanndaajo ɗum ɓe Imaanu (Amir Al-mu’minin).^[3] Heɓeeɗe 1808 ɓe haaliifaare sokoto haa eɗen kawti hakkilanngo fuu woylaare diiwe Naajeeriya lesɓe haalifaajo jowe go’ojo Ahmadu Rufai, ɓe njaahi diiwal mawgal gurtal ammbuugal e fuu haa nɗer hirnare Afrik. Ɗer 1903 mo sappo’e joowee go’ojo eɗen haaliifaajo caakitiiɗo Attahiru honaama e hitaaɗe laamu boɗeejo soljie arɗiiɓe lagguki haliifanci e waɗɗuki keerol maajun.

Taariki (Anndal Kiinngal)

Ɓe mawngu ɓaawal ɗerɗi lardu nɗer ƙarnuuji 17th e 18th wooɗuɓe haa ɓe ndewgu laamu bonu. Kadima rewol sigon eɗe hejjuɗe ɗun heesere ɓaawal ɗustaa ɓe ɓaawal ɗun laamu Bornu e ɗeɓe 1759 ɗum dokaaji haa rellaa hakkilanki haaɗe ɓe ɗun mawɓe gelle di bilma e huuɗooɓe ɗeɓe luumo caka sahara. Gelle mawɗe ɗeɓe jooni lattiɓe arɗu’en eɓe sakamako gurtal eɓe 1780 unɓe cuɓal politician ɗun diiwe jooɗoriiɗe ko’e mu’en nɗer lardu. Ɓe saamdude nɗe ɓe laamorɗe songhori nɗer 1591 yahi maarooko ɗembo haa hebɗuugo hoore dum ɓe cakare Bilad as-sudan, e lambawal nde hawsa’en haaliifaajee edow arɗiiɓe hausa’en fer-fere ha mawni yahifoti heɓbinki ɓe ɗuuda. Taato mawɓe mɓe alaamaaji yahi mawɓe unɓe sultaneeji ɗun Gobir, Kebbi (fuu nɗer nɗe maayo rima) e Zamfara faf nɗer hannɗe Naajeeriya.

Ɗi’i dawlaaji haɓɓaneeɗe nɗer kuugal hona kaɗiɗun fuu luttuɓe musamman nɗer hoosuuɓe horɓe. Nɗer dokkal yahi hokki ɗun ɓe taɓɓutuɓe dow honuuji, mɓe ɓiihi dokaawal mawngal dow haraaji eɗer gelle maɓɓee. Ɓe lardu hakkuɗe nɗe maayo Niijaar e weeɗu chaadi un mawɗe ɗuuɗirde hawtuɗe nɗe fulɓe, hausa’en luttuɗi lasngi kongi laatiɓe too eggoyɓe yaahi nɗe jelgolngol kamani nɓe Tuareq. Fuu ɗuuɗɓe un tokkuɓe diina Islaama eɗer ƙarnuuji koɗum, haa nɗen seɗɗe tokkuɓe Imaanu pagan e jottori nɗer jelgi ɗuɗdi musamman nɗer waazu diina Islaama ɓerdake.

Hawre Fulɓe

Ɗe Jahaadi fulɓe nɗer hirna Afrik 1830 Usmaanu Ɓii Foodi moɗɗibo diina Isalaama e gaitinnɗo fulɓe, haa mari kuugal jannginki ekitinki e wa’azu nɗer galluje Gobir hawti e marhabu e jaɓuugo wallital hausa’en lammɓe ɗunɓe gelle. Kadima wakkatire yunfa, Almaajiri jo kiiɗo mo Usmaan Ɓii Foodi lattake Sultanjo ɗun Gobir, o sarkiti kuuɗe Ɓii Foodi kadi waaɗii mo eggol ɓaannginimo haa nɗer gudu.^[4] Yimmɓe ɗuɗɗɓe mɓicci laamu Gobir tokki Usmaanu ɓii Foodi lattiɗo kadima kawtuuɗo hessɓe tokkuɓe daga luttuɗe larduuji. Naani ree’uugo eɗe moodiibo maako kiiɗo Sultanjo yunfa noddi honawal (koonu) dun Usmaanu Foodi nɗer hitaaɗe cholte 21, 1804.

Hiimoɓe

↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/24393055%7Cjstor = 24393055|title = Intellectual Discourse in the Sokoto Caliphate: The Triumvirate's Opinions on the Issue of Ransoming, ca. 1810|last1 = Lofkrantz|first1 = Jennifer|journal = The International Journal of African Historical Studies|year = 2012|volume = 45|issue = 3|pages = 385–401}}
↑ https://academic.oup.com/book/39071/chapter-abstract/338399135?redirectedFrom=fulltext |language=en}}
↑ http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/9.htm%7Caccess-date=2 September 2015|chapter=Usman dan Fodio and the Sokoto Caliphate}}
↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=NF-mWCNY_boC&q=%22islamic+revival%22+slavery&pg=PA755 |publisher=Macmillan |page=755 |last1=McKay |first1=John P. |last2= Hill |first2=Bennett D.|year=2011 |isbn = 9780312666934}}

[1] ttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24393055%7Cjstor = 24393055|title = Intellectual Discourse in the Sokoto Caliphate: The Triumvirate's Opinions on the Issue of Ransoming, ca. 1810|last1 = Lofkrantz|first1 = Jennifer|journal = The International Journal of African Historical Studies|year = 2012|volume = 45|issue = 3|pages = 385–401}}

[2] ttps://academic.oup.com/book/39071/chapter-abstract/338399135?redirectedFrom=fulltext |language=en}}

[3] ttp://countrystudies.us/nigeria/9.htm%7Caccess-date=2 September 2015|chapter=Usman dan Fodio and the Sokoto Caliphate}}

[4] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=NF-mWCNY_boC&q=%22islamic+revival%22+slavery&pg=PA755 |publisher=Macmillan |page=755 |last1=McKay |first1=John P. |last2= Hill |first2=Bennett D.|year=2011 |isbn = 9780312666934}}

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