Hausa language

Hawsa (/ˈhaʊsə/;[2] Harshen/Halshen Hausa heɗtoⓘ; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal Hawsa’en haali haa woyla leydi Najeriya, Ganaa, Kamerun, Benin e Togo, e souther geɗe Niiseer, e Caad, tawi ina waɗi leƴƴi pamari keewɗi e nder Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.[3][4][5]

Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik[6], ko kañum woni ɗemngal ɓurngal heewde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic ngal galle. Ethnologue hollitii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 54 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 34 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 88 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal Hausa.[1]

To leydi Najeriya, filmuuji Hausa en ina nganndiraa Kannywood.[7]

Senngo Winndannde mawnde: Ɗemɗe Afroasi Hausa jeyaa ko e fedde ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder fedde ɗemɗe Chadic, nde wonnoo ko e nder galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.[8]

Peccitagol geɗe leydi

Ɗemɗe Hausa ina hollita ngootaagu yaajngu kala ɗo haalaa.[14] Kono tan, annduɓe ɗemɗe ɓee njiytii nokkuuji ɗemɗe jogiiɗe denndaangal sifaaji sifaa gooto heen fof.[15]Ɗemɗe aadaaji Ɗemɗe Hausa fuɗnaange ina njeyaa e ɗemɗe Dauranci e Daura, Kananci e Kano, Bausanci e Bauchi, Gudduranci e Katagum Misau e feccere Borno, e Hadejanci e Hadejiya.[16]

Ɗemɗe Hawsa hirnaange ina njeyaa heen: Sakkwatanci to Sokoto, Katsinanci to Katsina, Arewanci to Gobir, Adar, Kebbi, e Zanhwaranci to Zamfara, e Kurhwayanci to Kurfey to Niiseer. Katsina ko mbayliigu hakkunde ɗemɗe Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange. Sokoto huutortee ko e binndi Hausa ɓooyɗi keewɗi, ina heewi anndeede e Hausa ɓooyɗo.[17]

Ɗemɗe Hausa fuɗnaange ina njeyaa heen Arewa (maanaa ‘Fuɗnaange’) e Arewaci.

Zazzaganci e nder Zazzau woni ɗemngal Fuɗnaange mawngal.[18]

Daura (Dauranchi) e Kano (Kananci) woni ɗemngal ngal. BBC, Deutsche Welle, Rajo Farayse hakkunde leyɗeele e Daande Amerik ina ndokka golle Hausa en e nder lowre maɓɓe jeewte hakkunde leyɗeele tawa ina kuutoroo Dauranci e Kananci. E nder ƴellitaare ɗemngal ko ɓooyaani Zazzaganci ƴettii kesam-hesaagu binndol e haaldude kuutoragol ɗemngal Hausa hannde ngal.[19]

Ɗemɗe ɓurɗe worgo e majjugol tonngoode Ɗemɗe Hawsa hirnaange haa fuɗnaange Kurhwayanci, Damagaram e Adarawa, ko keeri aadaaji ɓurɗi woɗɗude e renndooji Hawsa asliiji.[20] Ɗiin ina kaalee e nder diiwanuuji sahel ɓurɗi worgo e hakkunde Saharaa to hirnaange e hakkundeere Niiseer e nder diiwanuuji Tillaberi, Tahoua, Dosso, Maradi, Agadez e Zinder.[20] So tawii ina paami e ɗemɗe goɗɗe (haa teeŋti e Sakkwatanci, e ko ɓuri famɗude e Gaananci), ɗemɗe ɓurɗe toowde ɗee ina njogii ceertugol seeɗa to bannge natal e kelme sabu keewal jokkondirde e pelle Zarma, Fula, e Tuareg e waylooji pine sabu ceertugol geɗe hakkunde the nokkuuji huɗo e jeereende. Ɗeeɗoo ɗemɗe ina njogii kadi sifaa keerol e ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngooɗe.

Ndee jokkondiral hakkunde non-tonal e nokku geɗel, wonaa tan e ɗemngal Hausa tan, kono ina hollira e ɗemɗe goɗɗe to bannge worgo ɗemɗe koɗdiiɗe ɗee ; yeru ina jeyaa heen ceertugol nder ɗemngal Songhay (hakkunde ɗemɗe Koyra Chiini ɗe ngonaa tonngooɗe to bannge worgo to Timbuktu e Koyraboro Senni to Gao; e ɗemngal Zarma to bannge worgo, kaaleteengal gila hirnaange Niiseer haa worgo Gana), e nder ɗemngal Sontweenke ( ɗemngal Sontweenke ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngooɗe ɓurɗe worgo ɗe ImraguenƊemɗe Hawsa hirnaange ina njeyaa heen: Sakkwatanci to Sokoto, Katsinanci to Katsina, Arewanci to Gobir, Adar, Kebbi, e Zanhwaranci to Zamfara, e Kurhwayanci to Kurfey to Niiseer. Katsina ko mbayliigu hakkunde ɗemɗe Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange. Sokoto huutortee ko e binndi Hausa ɓooyɗi keewɗi, ina heewi anndeede e Hausa ɓooyɗo.[17]

Ɗemɗe Hausa fuɗnaange ina njeyaa heen Arewa (maanaa ‘Fuɗnaange’) e Arewaci.

Zazzaganci e nder Zazzau woni ɗemngal Fuɗnaange mawngal.[18]

Daura (Dauranchi) e Kano (Kananci) woni ɗemngal ngal. BBC, Deutsche Welle, Rajo Farayse hakkunde leyɗeele e Daande Amerik ina ndokka golle Hausa en e nder lowre maɓɓe jeewte hakkunde leyɗeele tawa ina kuutoroo Dauranci e Kananci. E nder ƴellitaare ɗemngal ko ɓooyaani Zazzaganci ƴettii kesam-hesaagu binndol e haaldude kuutoragol ɗemngal Hausa hannde ngal.[19]

Ɗemɗe ɓurɗe worgo e majjugol tonngoode Ɗemɗe Hawsa hirnaange haa fuɗnaange Kurhwayanci, Damagaram e Adarawa, ko keeri aadaaji ɓurɗi woɗɗude e renndooji Hawsa asliiji.[20] Ɗiin ina kaalee e nder diiwanuuji sahel ɓurɗi worgo e hakkunde Saharaa to hirnaange e hakkundeere Niiseer e nder diiwanuuji Tillaberi, Tahoua, Dosso, Maradi, Agadez e Zinder.[20] So tawii ina paami e ɗemɗe goɗɗe (haa teeŋti e Sakkwatanci, e ko ɓuri famɗude e Gaananci), ɗemɗe ɓurɗe toowde ɗee ina njogii ceertugol seeɗa to bannge natal e kelme sabu keewal jokkondirde e pelle Zarma, Fula, e Tuareg e waylooji pine sabu ceertugol geɗe hakkunde the nokkuuji huɗo e jeereende. Ɗeeɗoo ɗemɗe ina njogii kadi sifaa keerol e ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngooɗe.

Ndee jokkondiral hakkunde non-tonal e nokku geɗel, wonaa tan e ɗemngal Hausa tan, kono ina hollira e ɗemɗe goɗɗe to bannge worgo ɗemɗe koɗdiiɗe ɗee ; yeru ina jeyaa heen ceertugol nder ɗemngal Songhay (hakkunde ɗemɗe Koyra Chiini ɗe ngonaa tonngooɗe to bannge worgo to Timbuktu e Koyraboro Senni to Gao; e ɗemngal Zarma to bannge worgo, kaaleteengal gila hirnaange Niiseer haa worgo Gana), e nder ɗemngal Sontweenke ( ɗemngal Sontweenke ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngooɗe ɓurɗe worgo ɗe Imraguen e Nemadi kaaleteeɗe e fuɗnaange-caka Moritani;

Ɗemngal Hausa Ghana Ɗemngal Hausa Ghana (Gaananci), kaaleteengal to Gana e Togo, ko ɗemngal Hausa ceertungal e nder hirnaange, ngal jogii kaɓirɗe ɗemɗe e jaayɗe keewɗe. Hawsaaji tokoosi ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗemɗe Hawsa en ɗe nganndaaka no feewi to bannge hirnaange e nder nokkuuji Burkina Faso, e nder diiwanuuji Haoussa Foulane, Badji Haoussa, Guezou Haoussa, e Ansongo to worgo-fuɗnaange Mali (ɗo Mali en toɗɗii ɗemngal tokosal). laamu), kono ina famɗi no feewi doole ɗemɗe e wiɗtooji baɗaaɗi e ɗeen ɗemɗe keertiiɗe e oo sahaa.

Gaananci ina waɗi fedde ceertunde e ɗemɗe Hausa goɗɗe hirnaange, nde tawnoo hannde ina fadi haa yaasi nokku ɗo Hausa ɓuri heewde ɗoo, tee ina heewi anndeede e kuutoragol c ngam ky, e j ngam gy. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e ko addani ɗum wonde yimɓe Hausa en ummorii ko e njulaagu Hausa-Fulani en hoɗɓe e diiwanuuji zongo e nder gure njulaagu mawɗe dow e les laamlaamuuji Asante, Gonja e Dagomba ɓennuɗi ɗii, gila e sahel haa e diiwanuuji daande maayo, haa teeŋti noon e gure... Accra (Sabon Zango, Nima), Takoradi e Cap Coast

Kollirɗe Gaananci teskiima batte ɓuuɓɗe ummoraade e Zarma, Gur, Jula-Bambara, Akan, e Soninke, nde tawnoo Ganaa ko nokku ɓurɗo hirnaange ɗo ɗemngal Hausa woni ɗemngal mawngal e nder Afriknaaɓe Hirnaange saheliyankooɓe/Juulɓe, ina heen Ganaanaaɓe e ɓe ngonaa Ganaanaaɓe eggiyankooɓe zango ɓuri heewde ko e diiwanuuji worgo, walla Mali e Burkina. Gana kadi ko keeri ɓurɗi hirnaange ɗo leñol Hawsa en hoɗi e kala limoore mawnde. Ɗoon e ɗoon bannge hirnaange e worgo Gana (to Kodduwaar, e Burkina Faso), Hausa lomtinaama ɗoon e ɗoon e Dioula–Bambara ngam wonde ɗemngal sahel/juulɓe ɓurngal heewde e ko wonti nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde Manding, e haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa asliwal ina ustoo haa a minorité urbaine tokoose no feewi.

Sabu ɗuum, e woodde ɗemɗe Akan, Gbe, Gur e Mande taariiɓe ɗum, Gaananci ina seerti e ɗemɗe Hausa keddiiɗe ɗee e nder daartol.[22] Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, nanondiral grammaire hakkunde Sakkwatanci e Hausa Gana ina hollita wonde ɗemngal ngal, e iwdi leñol Hausa Gana e koye mum, ummorii ko e nokku Hausa to worgo-fuɗnaange taariiɓe Sokoto.[23]

Hausa kadi ina heewi haaleede e juulɓe Gur ɓe ngonaa ɓiɓɓe leydi, e juulɓe Mandé Ghana, kono ina seerti e Gaananci, tee ina jogii sifaaji jokkondirɗi e ɗemɗe Hausa ɗe ngonaa ɓiɗɓe leydi.

Ɗemɗe ngenndiije goɗɗe Hausa ina haalee kadi e nokkuuji keewɗi e nder leydi Kamerun e Caad, ɗi kawri ko e ɗemɗe jillondirɗe Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Niiseer. Yanti heen, Arab ina jogii... e Nemadi kaaleteeɗe e fuɗnaange-caka Moritani;Hausa mo wonaa jeyaaɗo

Ndee feccere siftoraani hay lowre wootere. Tiiɗno wallu moƴƴinde ndee feccere e ɓeydude citations e iwdiiji koolniiɗi. Kaɓirɗe ɗe ngalaa iwdi ina mbaawi luulndeede e ittude. (Aout 2011) (Janngu no e hol nde ittata ndee mesaas) E nder Afrik hirnaange, kuutoragol Hausa e nder ɗemngal Hausa, addani ɗum haalde ko wonaa ɗemngal ngenndiwal, ceertungal no feewi e haaldude ɗemngal ngenndiwal, sabu ŋakkeende alkule implosive e ejective tawaaɗe e ɗemɗe Hausa ɗemɗe ngenndiije, ko wayi no ɗ, ɓ e kʼ/ƙ , ɗe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en mbiyata ko d, b e k. Ɗuum ina addana jiiɓru hakkunde haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa ɓe ngonaa ɓiɗɓe leydi e ɓiyleydaagu, sibu haalooɓe ɓe ngonaa ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii ceerndaani kelme baɗɗe daidai ("goongɗinɗo") e ɗaiɗai ("gooto-gooto"). Seerndi Hausaaji asliiji e ɗi ngonaa asliiji ko woppude njuuteendi alkule e nder konnguɗi e waylude tonngoode tonngoode ɗemɗe Hausaiji asliiji (gila e haalooɓe Fulani e Tuareg Hausa-haalooɓe asliiji ɗii fof, haa e haalooɓe Hausa en ɗemɗe yumma Gur walla Yoruba huutoraade mbaydiiji tonngooɗe ɓeydooje nannduɗe e kuutorteeɗe e ɗemɗe mum en neeniije). Huutoraade inɗe jinnaaɓe worɓe e rewɓe e mbaydi konnguɗi ina heewi woppeede walla wayleede, inɗe e gollal Hausaaji keewɗi ina lomtinee e kelme ɗe ngonaa ɗemɗe nokkuuje.

Ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 25 neɗɗo, e nder won e nokkuuji, ina nguuri saraaji ɗemngal Hausa. Nde lomti ɗemɗe goɗɗe ɗuuɗɗe haa teeŋti haa woyla-cakaare e woyla-fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya nden nde jokki heɓugo limngal haa nokkuuje feere nder Afirka ngam filmuuji e gimi Hausaaji ɗi sankiti nder diiwal ngal fuu.

Loan konnguɗi Ɗemngal Hausa ina jogii daartol juutngol e ƴettude kelme e ɗemɗe goɗɗe, ko ɓuri heewde ko e ɗemɗe kaaleteeɗe e saraaji Hausaland e saraaji mum.[25]

Ɗemngal Konngol akwati - 'kees', agogo - 'waktu', ashana - 'matches' Yoruba dattijo - ‘gorko mawɗo’, inna - ‘yumma’, kawu – ‘kaaw’ Fulɓe karatu – ‘janngude’, rubutu – ‘winndude’, birni – ‘wuro’ Kanuri shinkafa – ‘maaro’, angulu – ‘ɓurɗo’ Nupe