Jo Limre
| Jinsu | debbum  |
|---|---|
| Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
| Innde | Jo |
| Innde ɓesngu | Freeman |
| Ɗuubi daygo | 26 Juko 1945 |
| Ɗoforde | Atlanta |
| Ɗemngal | Inngilisjo |
| Wolde | Inngilisjo |
| Sana'aji | writer, political scientist, lawyer, women's rights activist, feminist |
| Janngi to | UChicago, University of California, Berkeley, New York University School of Law |
| Work location | 𞤚𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤪𞤳 |
| Magnum opus | The Tyranny of Structurelessness |
| Laawol ngol laamu anndani | https://www.jofreeman.com/, https://jofreeman.com/ |
Jo Freeman lollirɗo Joreen (jibinaa ko ñalnde 26 ut 1945), ko debbo Ameriknaajo, ganndo politik, binndoowo e awokaa. Nde o woni almuudo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, to Berkeley e kitaale 1960, o woni e golloraade pelle gollorɗe ngam ndimaagu siwil e dille jojjanɗe siwil . O yahi haa o waɗi binnditagol wooteeji e yuɓɓo renndo to Alabama e Mississippi, o woniino yuɓɓinoowo gadano dillere ndimaagu rewɓe . O winndii binndanɗe keewɗe ko faati e rewɓe, kam e binndanɗe teeŋtuɗe ko faati e dille renndo e lanndaaji politik. O winndii kadi ko heewi e rewɓe, haa teeŋti noon e sariya e politik renndo feewde e rewɓe e rewɓe e nder politik mawɗo.[1][2]
Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Jo Freeman jibinaa ko to Atlanta, Georgia, e hitaande 1945. Yumma makko Helen ummorii ko Hamilton, Alabama, o golliima e wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, o woniino lietnaa gadano e nder konu rewɓe, jooɗiiɗo to Angalteer. Nde Jo heɓi duuɓi jeegom, Helen ummii to Los Angeles, ɗo o janngini duɗal leslesal haa ko juuti hade makko maayde e rafi emfisema. Freeman janngii duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Birmingham, kono o heɓi bak makko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Granada Hills e hitaande 1961.
Freeman heɓi BA mum e teddungal e ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago e hitaande 1965. O fuɗɗii golle makko e ganndal politik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Chicago e hitaande o timmini doktoraa makko e hitaande 1972 Fedde Kongres Fedde. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde New York to bannge sariya e hitaande 1979, o woni ganndo Root-Tilden, o heɓi dipolom makko JD e hitaande 1982. O naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde New York e hitaande 1983.
Freeman ummiima to Park Slope, to wuro Brooklyn e hitaande 1979 ngam yahde duɗal sariya, o hoɗi ko to Kensington, to wuro Brooklyn gila 1985.
Almuudo golloowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde UC Berkeley
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde UC Berkeley, Freeman ina gollinoo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Demokaraat en e lannda politik duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, SLATE . SLATE golliima ngam momtude jarribooji nukliyeer, ngam ittude haɗde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde haalooɓe luulndiiɓe, e moƴƴinde jaŋde leslesre to Cal. Nde waɗii doggol ekkolaaji e porfeseeruuji tiitoonde mum ko SLATE Supplement to Catalog General, nde Freeman winndi ƴeewte porfeseeruuji e kursuuji mum en.
Ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e kuule SLATE, yo almudɓe njogo hakkeeji ƴettude darnde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ɗe ɓe njoginoo e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal ina haɗiino ngalɗoo gollal gila e kitaale 1930. Nde wonti haala mawka nde dillere jojjanɗe aadee ari e nokku biyeteeɗo Bay Area e lewru ut 1963 sabu almudɓe njiɗnoo ko wallitde dillere ndee e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde kam e caggal leydi.
E nder lewru ut 1964 naamnal ngal waɗii daartol nde pelle almudɓe mbaɗi taabal e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngam ɗaɓɓude kaalis e ƴettude almudɓe ngam waɗde golle politik caggal duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngam salaade haɗeede. Neɗɗo gooto nanngaama, almuɓɓe heewɓe njaltinaama citation administratif. Caggal nde nanngugol yimɓe heewɓe rewindaa e kaaldigal e hojomaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗii e hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Clark Kerr, pelle janngooɓe ɓee sosi fedde wiyeteende Free Speech Movement (FSM) ngam jokkude hare ndee. Freeman woniino gardiiɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Demokaraat en e nder goomu toppitiingu FSM. Caggal lebbi ɗiɗi kaaldigal ngal alaa ko nafata, Freeman ina jeyaa e "800" almudɓe nanngaaɓe ngam jooɗaade e galle njuɓɓudi laamu mawndi ñalnde 2–3 desaambar 1964. Ko ɗum woni nanngugol ɓurngol mawnude e daartol Kaliforni. Publicité mo nde jibini oo, addani regents duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal waylude kuule ngam almudɓe mbaawa jokkude geɗe politik e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal.
Daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Nde diɗɗal jojjanɗe aadee ari e nokku biyeteeɗo San Francisco Bay Area e hitaande 1963, ngal piɓtii gollotooɓe nokkuuji ɗi ɓe ƴettataa ɓaleeɓe. Seppooji mbaɗaama to supermarché Lucky e Mel's Drive-In ngam waɗde ɓe siynude nanondiral gollorde. Nafoore ɗoo ndee rewi ko e kaaldigal ngal jaɓaaka e oteluuji ɓurɗi ŋarɗude e San Francisco e yeeyooɓe otooji keewɗi. Freeman ina jeyaa e 167 seppooɓe nanngaaɓe to otel Sheraton-Palace [1] e lewru marse 1964, ina jeyaa e 226 nanngaaɓe to ajannde Cadillac e lewru abriil. O woppitaama e ñaawoore makko adannde, o ñaawaa e ñaawoore ɗiɗmere, ɗum addani mo balɗe sappo e joy kasoo.
Ñaawoore ɗiɗmere Freeman haɗi mo tawtoreede eɓɓaande 1964 to Mississippi . E lewru ut, caggal nde nde joofi, o hippii e batu ngenndiwal Demokaraasi 1964 to Atlantik City, New Jersey, ngam wallitde ɗaɓɓaande lannda Demokaraasi Ndimaagu Mississippi ngam jooɗaade e nokku delegaasiyoŋ Mississippi keeriiɗo, mo ɓaleeɓe fof ngoni. (Ndeen darnde ronkaama.)
Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde UC Berkeley, Freeman naati e eɓɓoore dabbunde nde fedde ardorde kerecee en to bannge worgo (SCLC) wiyeteende SCOPE ( Fedde renndo e jaŋde politik to bannge worgo ). Nde ndunngu nguu joofi, o naati e gollotooɓe e SCLC, o woni golloowo ladde. Hitaande aroore ndee o waɗi binnditagol woote to Alabama e Mississippi, o waɗi balɗe seeɗa e kasoo e nder diiwanuuji ɗiɗi ɗii kala.
E lewru ut 1966, nde o woni e golle to Grenada, Mississippi, jaaynde Jackson Daily News yaltinii bayyinaango e golle makko e nder hello mum binndol , ina hollita wonde ko o yurmeende kominist en. Feññinaande ndee ina yahdi e fotooje joy, heen fotooje ƴettaaɗe e sahaa « Mouvement de la liberté de la parole ». Duuɓi capanɗe tati caggal ɗuum yamiroore ñaawirdu fedde ndee hollitii wonde ɗeen geɗe ko Komiseer toppitiiɗo njiimaandi leydi Mississippi rokki jaaynde ndee . Humpitiiɗo gooto winnditiima tawtoreede Freeman e FSM, anndi ɗum to Grenada. Nde tawnoo SCLC ina sokli kisal makko, neldi Freeman to Atlanta, ɗo o gollotoo e biro mawɗo oo, kadi o woni balloowo Coretta Scott King fotde jonte jeegom.
E lewru oktoobar Freeman neldaa ngam gollodaade e eɓɓaande SCLC to Chicago. Nde eɓɓoore SCLC to Chicago ndee ustii, Freeman yahi golloyaade e jaaynde renndo, wiyeteende West Side TORCH . Nde ndee golle joofi o etii dañde golle jaayndeyaagal e fotoowo to Chicago, ɗo o wiyi sukaaɓe rewɓe mbaawaa suɗaade fitinaaji. Haa jooni o heɓi golle e nder jaaynde njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti binndoowo keeriiɗo. : 104