Kiristaal Fuɗnaange
| Jinsu | debbum  |
|---|---|
| Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
| Inditirde | Crystal Eastman |
| Innde | Crystal |
| Innde ɓesngu | Eastman |
| Ɗuubi daygo | 25 Korse 1881 |
| Ɗoforde | Marlborough |
| Date of death | 8 Morso 1928 |
| Place of death | Erie |
| Manner of death | natural causes |
| Cause of death | kidney disease |
| Place of burial | Woodlawn Cemetery |
| Mother | Annis Bertha Ford Eastman |
| Sibling | Max Eastman |
| Dee/goriiwo | Walter Fuller |
| Marude | Jeffrey Fuller |
| Wolde | Inngilisjo |
| Janngi to | Columbia University, Vassar College, New York University School of Law |
| Movement | Harlem Renaissance |
| Memba en | Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, National Woman's Party, Heterodoxy |
| Award received | National Women's Hall of Fame |
| Described at URL | https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/c/1006939749 |
Crystal Catherine Eastman (25 suwee 1881 – 28 sulyee 1928) ko awokaa Ameriknaajo, haɓantooɗo konu, haɓantooɗo rewɓe, sosiyaalist, jaayndiyanke. O woniino gardiiɗo hare ngam haɓaade suɓngooji rewɓe, o woniino sosɗo e rewtinoowo e miñiiko Max Eastman jaaynde wiyeteende The Liberator , o woniino sosɗo Fedde Adunaare Rewɓe ngam Jam e Ndimaagu, kadi o sosnoo e hitaande 1920 Fedde Ameriknaare Siwil Liberti . E hitaande 2000, o naatnaa e suudu mawndu rewɓe ngenndi to Seneca Falls, New York .
Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]
Crystal Eastman jibinaa ko to Marlborough, to leydi Massachusetts, ñalnde 25 suwee 1881, ko o tataɓo e sukaaɓe nayo. Miñiiko mawɗo biyeteeɗo Morgan jibinaa ko e hitaande 1878, maayi ko e hitaande 1884. Miñiiko ɗiɗaɓo oo, hono Anstice Ford Eastman, wonnooɗo seppo mawɗo, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1878, maayi ko e hitaande 1937. Max ko ɓiɗɗo gorko, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1883.
E hitaande 1883, jibnaaɓe maɓɓe, hono Samuwel Eliya Istman e Annis Berta Ford, ngummii ɓesngu nguu to Kanandaigua, to New York . E hitaande 1889, yumma maɓɓe wonti gooto e rewɓe adanɓe toɗɗaaɓe e nder diine Protestan en to Amerik nde o wonti jaagorde e nder ekkol Congregational . Baaba makko kadi ko jaagorde dental, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ngoni ko e wonde pastoraaji e nder ekkol Thomas K. Beecher sara Elmira . Galle Mark Twain kadi ina tawtoree ekkol kadi ko ndee fedde renndinde suka debbo biyeteeɗo Crystal kadi anndi mo. [1]
Ndee feccere New York wonnoo ko e ko wiyetee " Diisnondiral Burnt Over ". E nder ummital mawngal ɗiɗaɓal e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 19ɓiire, keeri mayri wonnoo ko nokkuuji linjiilaaji e wellitaare diine heewnde, ɗum addani ɗum sosde geɗe bayɗe no Millerism e Mormonism . E jamaanu antebellum, won heen ina njiyloo miijooji diineeji ngam wallitde geɗe renndo jahruɗe yeeso ko wayi no abolitionism e laawol laana njoorndi les leydi . [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">ciimtol ina haani</span> ]
Ndee aada neɗɗankaagal ina jokki e Crystal e miñi mum Max Eastman . O wonti daraniiɗo sosiyaalist gila e cukaagu makko, Crystal ina joginoo sabaabuuji keewɗi ɗi o nanndi e makko. Ɓe ngoni ko e ɓadtaade e nder nguurndam makko fof, hay so tawii o ɓeydiima jogaade hakkille.
Banndiraaɓe ɓee njooɗii e laawol 11th Street e nder wuro Greenwich to New York e nder yimɓe woɗɓe daraniiɓe haɓaade rafi o duuɓi keewɗi. Fedde nde, ina heen Ida Rauh, Inez Milholland, Floyd Dell e Doris Stevens, ina mbaɗi kadi dumunna dabbunde e ñalɗi udditgol to Croton-on-Hudson, ɗo Max soodi galle e hitaande 1916.
Eastman heɓi dipoloma mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Vassar e hitaande 1903, o heɓi kadi dipolom makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Columbia (oon sahaa ko fannu keso) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Columbia e hitaande 1904. Ndeen o naati duɗal sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde New York, o heɓi dipolom makko e hitaande 1907, o woni ɗiɗaɓo e nder duɗal makko. [2] Nde o woni e jaŋde makko leslesre, Eastman golliima jammaaji e nder galle laamorɗo Greenwich, ɗo o hawri e Paul Underwood Kellogg . [2]
Tiɗnaare renndo
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Paul Kellogg, piilaaɗo golle renndo, gardinooɗo jaayndeeji, rokkii Eastman golle mum gadane : wiɗtude ngonka golle ngam wiɗto Pittsburgh . Ciimtol makko, Aksidaaji golle e sariya (1910), wonti kuutorgal teeŋtungal e hare ngam cellal e kisal gollal e kaɓirgal gadanal e nder hare jokkiinde. [2] E hitaande 1909, Ñaawirde Hughes, mo wonnoo e oon sahaa guwerneer New York, toɗɗii Eastman e nder Komiseer Dowla New York ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende golle e sabaabuuji aksidaaji e nder gollorɗe, ŋakkeende golle e ŋakkeende golle e nder gese. [2] Debbo gadano toɗɗaaɗo tergal komisiyoŋ, ko kanko winndi sariya gadano njoɓdi gollotooɓe . Ndeeɗoo feere wonti ko mbaydi Amerik [2] E nder laamu Woodrow Wilson, o jokki e kampaañ ngam kisal e cellal golle, o woniino awokaa wiɗto to Komisariyaa Ameriknaajo jowitiiɗo e jokkondiral gollorɗe tuggi 1913 haa O wiyi ɗum ina usta doole yummiraaɓe e worɓe, kam e semmbinde rewɓe to bannge faggudu.
Emansipaasiyoŋ
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Wallace J. Benedict ko gardiiɗo asiraagal to Milwaukee, to Wiskonsin, ko ɗuum waɗi nde Eastman resi mo e hitaande 1911, o ummii toon caggal dewgal ngal. Ko ɗoon o ardii kampaañ woote Wisconsin mo 1912 mo dañaani.
O seerti e hitaande 1913, o arti fuɗnaange ɗo o hawri e Alice Paul, Lucy Burns, e woɗɓe e sosde Dental Kongres ngam suɓaade rewɓe, ngal wonti Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe . [1] [2] Caggal nde kuulal 19ɓal rokki rewɓe hakke suɓaade e hitaande 1920, Eastman e Paul mbinndi kuulal jowitiingal e potal hakkeeji (ERA), ngal fuɗɗii naatde e hitaande 1923. [2] Gooto e sosiyaalist en seeɗa ngam jaɓde ERA, Eastman jeertinii wonde diisnondiral rewɓe tan. [2] Eastman wiyi wonde neɗɗo ina waawi ƴeewtaade nafoore ERA e tiiɗnaare luulndaare mum. Kono, o miijii wonde haa jooni ko hare fotnde haɓeede. O waɗi kadi konngol "Jooni en mbaawi fuɗɗoraade" caggal nde o jaɓi kuulal sappo e jeenay ngal;ngal hollitii golle potɗe waɗeede e nder fannuuji politik e faggudu ngam heɓde potal rewɓe e worɓe.