Kotjebi

Kotjebi

Subclass of	street child
Lesdi	North Korea

 

 From Wikidata

Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name="AP_2013-06-05">Kim, Hyung-Jin (5 Jun 2013). "Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery". Yahoo!. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2013-06-05...... There are even cases of children born to.

Kotjebi

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kotjebi, kotchebi, or ggotjebi (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term Noin Kotjebi.

The kotjebi are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The kotjebi are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

Origins and status

[edit source] The orphaned kotjebi first appeared en masse in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the "Arduous March," was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to "stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country", the North Korean government established special "Children's Detention Camps" in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the kotjebi.

Livelihood

[edit source] Kotjebi children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the kotjebi consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.^{[page needed]}

Human rights

[edit source] There are several challenges the kotjebi face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect kotjebi children.^{[page needed]} China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

See also

[edit source]

• Human rights in North Korea
• Street child
• Orphans in the Soviet Union
• Statelessness