Maayo Atbarah
| Mouth of the watercourse | Maayo Niil  |
|---|---|
| Tributary | Tekezé River, Angereb River, Shinfa River |
| Drainage basin | Nile basin |
| Lesdi | Ecoppi, Sudan |
| Jonde kwa'odineto | 12°25′17″N 37°5′7″E, 17°40′42″N 33°58′19″E |
Maayo Atbarah (aarabeeɓe: نهر عطبرة; firo: Nahr 'Atbarah), wiyeteeɗo kadi Niil boɗeejo e/walla Niil ɓaleejo, ko maayo wonngo e worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik. Nde ummotoo ko to worgo-fuɗnaange Ecoppi, ko ina wona 50 km to fuɗnaange maayo Tana e 30 km to fuɗnaange Gondar. Ndeen nde rewata ko hedde 805 km (500 miil) faade maayo Niil to worgo-caka Sudaan, nde hawri e wuro wiyeteengo Atbarah (17,677°N 33,970°E). Ko maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnata, hono maayo Tekezé (Setit), ina gasa tawa ko ngo woni goonga e dow Atbarah, sibu Tekezé ina rewi laawol ɓurngol juutde hade mum hawrude e maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii (to 14° 10' N, 36° E) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sudaan. Atbarah ko maayo Niil cakkitiingo hade mum yettaade Mediteraane.
Ko ɓuri heewde e hitaande ndee, ko seeɗa tan ko weendu. Kono e nder sahaa toɓo (ko ɓuri heewde e lewru sulyee haa oktoobar), Atbarah ina ummoo fotde 18 ft (5 m) dow tolno mum no woorunoo. E oo sahaa, ina waɗi keeri kulɓiniiɗi hakkunde diiwanuuji worgo e hakkundeeji diiwaan Amhara to Ecoppi. Gaa gaa Tekezé, ɓulli goɗɗi teeŋtuɗi e nder maayo Atbarah ina jeyaa heen maayo Shinfa ummortoongo fuɗnaange maayo Tana, e Angereb mawɗo mo iwdi mum woni fuɗnaange wuro Gondar.
Tariya
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Siftorde Atbarah ɓurnde ɓooyde ko Strabon (16.4.8), inniri maayo ngoo Astaboras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβόρας).[1] Winndooɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ciftorɓe innde ndee ina njeyaa heen Agatarkides, inniri ɗum Astabaras (e ɗemngal Gerek: Ασταβάρας),[1] e Ptolemy (Geographie 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst e woɗɓe mbiyi wonde innde ndee ina foti faamreede ko "Maayo leñol Boras", ɗo asta waawi jokkondirde e asti "ndiyam" Proto-Nubiyanke,[1] tawi -boras ina waawi jokkondirde e limoore alkule Roomnaaɓe e leñol ina wiyee Bora (Bera), hoɗnoongol saraaji]G another Meroe,[2] Μεγάβαροι e ɗemngal Eratosten e Strabon, e ɗemngal Latin: Megabarri e ɗemngal Plinius mawɗo).[1] Plinius mawɗo oo rokkii etimoloji Astaboras seeɗa, o wiyi wonde « e ɗemngal yimɓe nokku oo » innde ndee firti ko « ndiyam ummortooɗam e ɓuuɓri les » (N.H. 5.10).
E lewru abriil 1898 hare mawnde waɗii sara maayo ngoo e nder njiimaandi Angalteer-Misra e Sudaan 1896–1899 hakkunde konu Mahdist en e konu Angalteer-Misra e gardagol Lord Kitchener, ɗum waɗi halkaare 20 000 Mahdist.[3]
E hitaande 1964, maayo ngoo damnaama e baraas Khashm el-Girba sara Kassala to Sudan ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro keso ngo Halfa Dughaym mahaa e nder diiwaan goɗɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa joorɗo e ngam hoɗde yimɓe Sudannaaɓe ɓe baraas mawɗo Aswan riiwi e nder falnde Niode k000 fuɗnaange Misra e worgo Sudaan.[4]
Pewnugol eɓɓaande baraas ɗiɗmo fotde 1,9 miliyaar dolaar fotde 20 km dow ɗo maayo Atbara toowngo e maayo Setit kawri, baraas Rumela e Burdana, fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011, ko hooreejo leydi Omar al-Bashir udditi ɗum e lewru feebariyee 2017.[5]
Hidrolooji ndiyam
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Hakindo lewru (1912–1982) Atbarah fotnoo ko hedde 25 km dow hunduko mum, fotnoo ko m3/s:[6]
Tuugnorgal
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]- 1 2 3 4 Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179
- ↑ "LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
- ↑ Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.
- ↑ Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.
- ↑ Gregory B. Poindexter (2 February 2017). "Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project". HydroWorld. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ "Nile - Kilo 3". University of New Hampshire. 2000-02-26.