Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo

Wokiro River
Mouth of the watercourse	Indian Ocean
Tributary	Kat River, Tarka River
Lesdi	Sawdafirika
Nder laamoore	Eastern Cape
Jonde kwa'odineto	33°29′34″S 27°7′52″E, 33°29′39″S 27°8′1″E

Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)^[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.^[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,^[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

Yahde

Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.^[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.^[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.^[5]

Baraaji dow maayo

Baraas Egerton
Baraas Elandsdrift

Wakati

To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

Ekoloji

E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

Leɗɗe

To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.^[6]

Daabaaji

Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.^[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

Tariya

E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap^[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,^[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.^[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

Kampaañ konu Maitland

Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.^[10]

Koɗorɗe Broxholm

Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

Ceerno Konunkooɓe

Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.^[10]

Kampaañ siwil en

Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.^[10]

Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi

Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.^[10]

Sigga

Fijooji

Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi

Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.^[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde

Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

Tuugnorgal

↑ "Riviere van Suid-Afrika". Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
↑ Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)
1 2 Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). "Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts & the Trekbokke". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
↑ O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). "Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water". Regulated Rivers: Research & Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.
↑ "Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15". Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
↑ "The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa". www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
↑ Sandelia bainsii
↑ Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
↑ Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.
1 2 3 4 5 "WATERLOO BAY AND THE FISH RIVER MOUTH - South African Military History Society - Journal"
↑ "Top 100 Golf Courses in South Africa". Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010.>

[1] "Riviere van Suid-Afrika". Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.

[2] Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)

[:0-3] 1 2 Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). "Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts & the Trekbokke". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.

[4] O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). "Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water". Regulated Rivers: Research & Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.

[5] "Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15". Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.

[6] "The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa". www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

[7] Sandelia bainsii

[8] Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.

[9] Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.

[:1-10] 1 2 3 4 5 "WATERLOO BAY AND THE FISH RIVER MOUTH - South African Military History Society - Journal"

[11] "Top 100 Golf Courses in South Africa". Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010.>

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