Marge Farayse
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| Jinsu | debbum  |
|---|---|
| Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
| Sooma | Margaret Louise Gelders |
| Innde | Margaret, Louise |
| Innde ɓesngu | Gelders, Frantz |
| Soomoore | Marge |
| Ɗuubi daygo | 18 Korse 1922 |
| Ɗoforde | Birmingham |
| Date of death | 16 Yarkomaa 2015 |
| Place of death | Santa Cruz |
| Father | Joseph Gelders |
| Sibling | Blanche Hartman |
| Relative | Emma Gelders Sterne, Barbara Lindsay, Nina Hartley |
| Sana'aji | peace activist, university teacher, women's rights activist |
| Employer | University of California, Santa Cruz |
| Janngi to | Radcliffe College, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Santa Cruz |
| Residence | Ben Lomond |
| Member of political party | Communist Party of the United States of America |
| Lenyol | American Jews |
| Sexual orientation | non-heterosexuality |
Marge Frantz ( nee Gelders ; 18 suwee 1922 – 16 oktoobar 2015) ko daraniiɗo Ameriknaajo, jeyaaɗo e yontaaji gadani jannginooɓe jannginooɓe jaŋde rewɓe to Amerik. Jibinaa ko Birmingham, Alabama, gila e cukaagu makko o naati e geɗe jahruɗe yeeso. O golliima e yuɓɓinoowo golle, o ƴaañii ngam hakkeeji siwil, o tawtoraama dille rewɓe ngam ittude njoɓdi woote . Caggal nde o golliima e yuɓɓinoowo fedde gollotooɓe e miniraaji, e miliyoŋaaji e smelteruuji e hitaande 1944, o golliima e sahaa timmuɗo e nder batu fuɗnaange ngam wellitaare aadee to Nashville, o woni binndoowo e gardotooɗo fedde jaayndeeji fedde nde, Southern Patriot . E darorɗe kitaale 1940, o woni ko e wiɗtude e nder Goomu golle ɗe ngonaa Ameriknaaɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji, e hitaande 1950, kanko e jom suudu makko ɓe ngummii to nokku biyeteeɗo San Francisco Bay Area .
Haa jooni omo golloo e nder renndo radikal, Frantz ina jeyaa e seppooji luulndiiɗi jarribooji nukliyeer, omo wallitnoo yaafuya wonande espiyankooɓe ñaawraaɓe, hono Julius e Ethel Rosenberg . Gila 1957, o golliima e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, Berkeley, kono caggal nde fitinaaji kuutoraa e seppooɓe almudɓe to People’s Park e hitaande 1969, o woppi golle makko, o winnditii e almuudo. O timmini bakkaa makko e ganndal politik e hitaande 1972 e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o fayi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, Santa Cruz ngam golloraade doktoraa makko. Frantz e gorko mum gooto fof wayli sehilaaɓe nde o ummii Santa Cruz, Eleanor Engstrand wonti sehil makko keso. To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde UC Santa Cruz, Frantz ina jeyaa e sosɓe fedde jaŋde rewɓe ; o golliima e Goomu toppitiingu jaŋde rewɓe, o woniino kadi tergal e yiilirde toppitiinde ko fayti e jaŋde rewɓe. O jannginii ɗoon tuggi 1973 haa 1999, o heɓi njeenaaje ɗiɗi janngingol. Nguurndam makko e nder golle makko hollitaama e filmo 1983, Seeing Red .
Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]_Gelders_and_daughters.jpg)
Margaret Louise «Margie» Gelders jibinaa ko ñalnde 18 lewru juko hitaande 1922, to Birmingham, Alabama, e galle Esther Josefine (jibinaa ko Frank) e Joseph Gelders . [1] [2] Baaba makko jannginii fisik to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Alabama, o naati e lannda kominist, yuɓɓinde golle e hare ngam nuunɗal leƴƴi to Fuɗnaange . [3] [4]
Ko o " ɓiɗɗo red diaper ", Gelders ina joginoo politik gila e cukaagu mum. [5] Nde o heɓi duuɓi 13, o naati e fedde wiyeteende Young Communist League, o yahdi e baaba makko ngam wallitde caɗeele nano. [4] E nder cukaagu makko, o tawtoraama seppooji seppooji, o tawtoraama seppooji ngam ittude njoɓdi woote, ko ɗum huunde nde fotaani waɗeede e woote. [6] Caggal nde baaba makko fiyi mo haa o maayi ngam golle makko jojjanɗe aadee e juuɗe vigilantes e hitaande 1936, [3] o weltiima e batte wonde daraniiɗo haɓaade rafi kono o woppaani rewde e koyɗe baaba makko. [4] Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to Birmingham to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Phillips e hitaande 1938, [6] o waɗi duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Radcliffe . [4]
Nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, Gelders golliima e fedde Massachusetts to Ligue des Femmes Votants . E nder seppo ngam salaade nanngugol George Harris (cukko hooreejo fedde ndema to Alabama ) e hitaande 1940, kanko e baaba makko ɓe nanngaa to Birmingham. O hollitaama e oon hitaande e foto bayyinaango e jaaynde Daily Worker ; ɗum hollitii tawtoreede seppo Chicago ngam ɗaɓɓude ittugol njoɓɗeele woote. O tawtoraama seppooji pelle baɗnooɗe ko wayi no Mobilisaasiyoŋ Jam Amerik, Kongres Sukaaɓe Amerik, Ligue des Jeunes Sud, Kongres Sukaaɓe Negro Sud, Kongres Pelle Industiri (CIO), e Konngol Sud ngam Wellitaare Aadee, fedde daraniinde moƴƴitingol renndo e politik Sud. [6] [7] E hitaande 1940, o yalti Radcliffe nde o dañi bursi makko, mo o sikki ko batte golle makko radikal. [4]
Golle makko e golle makko puɗɗaaɗe (1941-1972)
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]E hitaande 1941, Gelders resi Laurent Brown Frantz, jeyaaɗo to Knoxville, Tennessee, jeyaaɗo kadi e lannda kominist, kadi ko o daraniiɗo fedde sukaaɓe worɓe e darnde haɓaade njoɓdi wooteeji. [4] [6] E ndeen hitaande, o ƴetti golle to biro tappirde njuɓɓudi sukaaɓe ngenndiwal to Birmingham, o golliima kadi to batu fuɗnaange ngam wellitaare aadee. [6] E lewru desaambar, o ummiima Washington, DC, ngam golloraade to Board of Economic Warfare, woni fedde laamuyankoore nde soodata ko ina naatnee ngam peewnugol geɗe ngam faggudu siwil e golle hare. [6] [8] Jom suudu makko naati e konu Amerik e nder ndiyam, e lewru mee 1942, Frantz ƴetti posto to Komiseer coodguuli Sowiyetik, fedde toppitiinde rokkude kaɓirɗe Amerik to URSS ngam hare. E hitaande 1943, o golliima e fedde CIO, Fedde Gollotooɓe e Mine, Mill e Smelter to Birmingham, caggal ɗuum e hitaande 1944 o fuɗɗii golle timmuɗe e nder batu fuɗnaange ngam wellitaare aadee to Nashville . [6]
Tuggi 1944 haa 1946, Frantz woniino binndoowo James Dombrowski, binndoowo mawɗo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e wellitaare aadee to bannge worgo, e gardotooɗo jaaynde wiyeteende Southern Patriot, jaaynde laawɗunde fedde ndee. [1] [1] Gila e hitaande 1947, Dombrowski, Frantz e baaba mum njuurnitaama to Goomu golle ɗe ngonaa Ameriknaaɓe e nder suudu sarɗiiji . [1] Caggal nde Ku Klux Klan, Frantz e jom suudu mum ngummii Nashville e hitaande 1950, ngummii Berkeley, Kaliforni . Ɓe ngonti e renndo radikal en nokku oo, ɓe koɗi e nokku biyeteeɗo San Francisco Bay, ɓe njibini sukaaɓe maɓɓe nayo : Joe, Larry, Virginia e Alex. [1] [1] E kitaale 1950, Frantz wonnoo ko gardiiɗo diiwaan Alameda e nder lannda ƴellitaare jeytaare . O woniino balloowo nokku janngirde e janngingol Highlander, o wonti tergal e Goomu Kaliforni worgo ngam haɓaade jarribooji nukliyeer. [1] O wallitorii yaafuya wonande ƴaañooɓe atomik ñaawraaɓe Julius e Ethel Rosenberg, o jaɓii momtude sariya Smith —mo addani kala tergal fedde nde sikkaa ina waawi bonnude Amerik — e dartinde ñaawgol luulndiiɓe sariya oo . [1] [1] [1]
E hitaande 1955, Frantz hawri e jom suudu mum Eleanor Engstrand. Rewɓe ɗiɗo ɓee njokkondirii tuugnaade e nafoore wootere e politik, geɗe renndo, backpacking, e ƴeewde colli. [1] Engstrand ko yumma suka debbo jogiiɗo sukaaɓe ɗiɗo, Quaker, o woniino defterdu to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, Berkeley gila 1950. Nde ɓe ɓeydii ɓadtaade, rewɓe ɗiɗo ɓee ina njuula ñalnde kala e kala sahaa. [9] E hitaande 1956, Frantz woppi lannda kominist, sabu Stalin ƴattaade luulndiiɓe laamu . [4] [10] E hitaande 1957, o wonti hooreejo gollordu Earl F. Cheit, gardinooɗo Duɗal Jokkondiral gollorɗe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde UC Berkeley. [4] [11] E hitaande 1965, nde Cheit toɗɗaa e posto keso hono balloowo kanselor, o toɗɗii mo ngam jokkude wonde balloowo makko e golle. Toɗɗagol ngol naamnaama e Goomu golle ɗe ngonaa Ameriknaaɓe e nder Senaa dowla Kaliforni, ngol Cheit salii, sibu ngol alaa ko nafata so wonaa nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal. [11]