Maud Gonne

Maud Gonne

ɓii aadama

Jinsu	debbum
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku	Irlannda
Sooma	Edith Maud Gonne
Innde	Maud
Innde ɓesngu	Gonne, MacBride
Ɗuubi daygo	21 Bowte 1866
Ɗoforde	Farnham
Date of death	27 Seeɗto 1953
Place of death	Clonskeagh
Place of burial	Glasnevin Cemetery
Father	Thomas Gonne
Mother	Edith Cook
Sibling	Kathleen Mary Gonne
Dee/goriiwo	John MacBride
Unmarried partner	William Butler Yeats, Lucien Millevoye
Marude	Seán MacBride, Georges Silvère Gonne, Iseult Gonne
Ɗemngal	British English
Wolde	Faransinkoore, Inngilisjo
Writing language	British English
Diina	Catholicism
Archives at	Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library
Memba en	Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn

 

 From Wikidata

Maud Gonne MacBride (Irlande: Maud Nic Ghoinn Bean Mhic Giolla Bhríghde ; jibinaa ko Edith Maud Gonne ; 21 desaambar 1866 – 27 abriil 1953) ko neɗɗo irlanndaajo, jibinaaɗo e nder leydi ndi, ko o baawɗo suɓaade, ko o fijoowo. O woniino, e luural e ko o wiyi e iwdi Angalteer-Irlande, Engeleejo banngeeji jibnaaɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof, o dañii ngenndiyaŋkaagal Irlande e caɗeele yimɓe riiwaaɓe e hareeji leydi. MacBride ina tiiɗnoo e ƴaañde Home Rule, caggal ɗuum ngam republique bayyinaande e hitaande 1916. E nder kitaale 1930, nde o woni tergal sosngal lannda Social Credit, o ƴetti porogaraam renndinde C. H. Douglas. Gonne ina anndaa no feewi wonde muse e nafoore giɗli juutnde yimoowo Irlande biyeteeɗo W. B. Yeats.

Nguurndam arano

Gonne jibinaa ko to Angalteer to Tongham sara Aldershot, to Hampshire, e hitaande 1866, ɓiɗɗo debbo mawɗo Kapiteen Thomas Gonne mo Lancers 17 e Edith Frith Gonne (jibinaa ko Cook), kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ummorii ko e galleeji Engelenaaɓe tabitɗi. Ko ɗum fof e wayde noon, o yiɗiino wiyde ko o leñol Irlande, o winndi e nder deftere makko A Servant of the Queen wonde o "ɓiɗɗo baaba Irlande e yumma Engele" o wiyi wonde ɓesngu makko ummorii ko e diiwaan Mayo hade makko rokkeede, o wayli e njulaagu diine. Alaa hujjaaji kollitooji haala kaa kadi winndooɓe nguurndam makko ina kollita wonde iwdi makko ko Engelenaaɓe e nder yontaaji keewɗi.

E hitaande 1868, e nder jiiɓru mawndu to Irlannda caggal ummital Feniyankeewal e hitaande 1867, Kapiteen Thomas Gonne toɗɗaa yo won brigade mawɗo e nder konu pucci to Irlannda, o jooɗii to nokku biyeteeɗo Curragh Camp to diiwaan Kildare. Oon hitaande, miñi mum debbo biyeteeɗo Kathleen jibinaa, ɓesngu nguu hoɗi ko to Airfield sara Donnybrook, to Dublin, ɗo Maud seerti e Ida Jameson mo ɓesngu diisnondiral. Edith Gonne, mo ñawu nguu heɓi, jibini to Londres ɓiɗɗo debbo goɗɗo, biyeteeɗo Margaretta e hitaande 1871 ; yumma e ɓiɗɗo fof maayi ko juuti. Tuberkuloos ina jokki e heɓtaade Maud e Kathleen e nder nguurndam mum en fof. Ɓesngu nguu ummiima hakkunde Curragh e Howth ngam cellal, Howth wonti nokku keewɗo nafoore neɗɗo duumotooɗo e Gonne.

Caggal maayde Edith, Maud e Kathleen nguurdi ko e banndiraaɓe mum en to Londres hade mum en jokkondirde e mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Francis Cook, 1st Viscount mo Monserrate, to Doughty House, to Richmond, ɗo o joginoo defte ñeeñal keewɗe, teeŋtuɗe (o wonnoo ko alɗuɗo no feewi e njulaagu koltu e mbaylaandi galle oo). E hitaande 1876, Major Gonne wonti attaché militaire to suudu sarɗiiji Otiris, o nawti ɓesngu nguu to fuɗnaange Farayse, ɗo Maud mawni e ɗemngal Farayse. Caggal nde o arti e leydi Inndo, Thomas yahdi e Maud e nder Orop haa hitaande 1882, nde o arti Dublin, o woni balloowo adjutant-general. Maud siftorii caggal mum tawtoreede kewuuji jamaanu to Dublin Castle, ina jeyaa heen seedaade naatgol laamu keso oo e lietnaa-joom mum ñalnde 6 mee 1882, ñalawma warngooji Phoenix Park, e tawtoreede sahaa Castle e hitaande 1886, tawi ko bal jamma St Patrick mo Prince Wales tawtoraama.

Fuɗɗoode golle

Dublin, Londres e Pari

E hitaande 1882, baaba makko neldaa Dublin. O yahdi e makko, o woni e makko haa o maayi e hitaande 1886.

E hitaande 1889, o adii hawrude e W. B. Yeats, o yiɗi mo. Gonne ina yiɗi adunaaji occultist e spiritualism ɗi Yeats ina jogii nafoore mawnde, ina naamnoo sehilaaɓe mum ko fayti e goonga jibinannde. E hitaande 1891 o naati e fedde Hermetic Ordre of the Golden Dawn, fedde nde Yeats wondunoo e mum ko juuti.

Gonne e nder natal foto, ko ina wona kitaale 1890

E hitaande 1890, to Farayse o hawri kadi e Millevoye. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Georges, kono cukalel ngel maayi ko e nder hitaande ndee, ina gasa tawa ko ñawu meninjaasi. Gonne diwti, o wirnaa mo e nder suudu mawndu siftorde. (Mecce makko ina keddii e makko; e nder wasiyya makko o naamndii yo paɗe Georges ɓiɗɗo oo mberle e makko). Caggal nde cukalel ngel sankii, o seerti e Millevoye, kono e darorɗe hitaande 1893, o yuɓɓini kawral ngam hawrude e makko to mausoleum to Samois-sur-Seine, sara sarkofaas cukalel maɓɓe, ɓe mbaɗdi jokkondire. Faandaare makko ko jibinde ɓiɗɗo gorko mo baaba mum gooto, mo ruuhu Georges jibini e mum e nder metempsychosis. Ɓiɗɗo Gonne debbo biyeteeɗo Iseult Gonne jibinaa ko e lewru ut 1894.

Inginidhe ko e leydi mum

E nder kitaale 1890, Gonne yahri no feewi e nder Angalteer, Galles, Ecoppi e Amerik ngam haɓaade ngenndiyaŋkaagal, o sosi fedde wiyeteende "Ligue Irlandaise" (L'association irlandaise) e hitaande 1896.

E hitaande 1900, Gonne wallitii sosde Inghinidhe na hÉireann (Ɓiɓɓe rewɓe Irlannda). Rewɓe 29 tawtoraama joɗnde adannde ndee. Ɓe pelliti "haɓde e kala fannu semmbe Engele waɗde ko ina bonna no feewi e wellitaare naalankaagal e laaɓtugol leñol Irlande".

Sinn Fein

E nder deftere makko Gonne winndi "Miɗo yiɗi hare gila ko ɓooyi, kadi ko mi pacifist e sifaa e filosofi, kono ko Engele en ngoni doole hare e dow men, kadi ko adii fof ko hare ko warde gaño".

Yuɓɓo ɗiɗmo, hono Diiso ngenndiijo, sosaa ko e hitaande 1903, tawi ko Gonne e woɗɓe, ina heen Arthur Griffith, e njillu laamɗo Edward VII to Dublin. Faandaare mayre ko lobbude Dublin Corporation ngam haɗde rokkude laamɗo oo konngol. Motion ngam hollugo konngol ngol foolaama no haanirta nii, kono Diiso Ngenndiijo ngo heddii ko e woodde ko fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ɓeydude wakilaagu ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e nder diwanuuji nokkuuji ɗii.

Koolol gadanol hitaande kala e Diiso ngenndiijo ñalnde 28 noowammbar 1905, teskaama e geɗe ɗiɗi : kuulal ngal, e woote ɓurɗe heewde (e Griffith salii), udditaade caɗeele e yuɓɓinde e dow tuugnorgal ngenndiwal ; e hollirde Griffith politik mum ‘Hongiri’, mo nganndu-ɗaa hannde ina wiyee politik Sinn Féin. Ndeeɗoo batu ina heewi ƴetteede ko ñalngu sosngo lannda Sinn Féin.

Waɗde

E hitaande 1897, kanko e Yeats e Griffith, o yuɓɓini seppooji ngam salaade ñalngu mawningol laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. E lewru abriil 1902, o ƴetti darnde mawnde e nder pijirlooji Yeats biyeteeɗi Cathleen Ní Houlihan. O holliti Cathleen, « debbo mawɗo Irlande », ina woya sabu diiwanuuji mum nay ɗi « majjii » e juuɗe Angalteer. O woni ko e waɗde ko heewi e sahaa makko to Pari.

E hitaande ndee tan, o naati e Egliis Katolik Roma. O salii eɓɓooje dewgal keewɗe ummoraade e Yeats, wonaa tan sabu o yiɗaa naatde e diine katolik, e nde o yi’ata mo no feewi e nder ngenndiyaŋkaagal makko, kono kadi sabu o sikki ko yiɗde makko nde o heɓaani, nde wonnoo ko ballal wonande yimre makko, kadi aduna o ina foti yettude mo sabu o meeɗaa jaɓde eɓɓooje makko. Nde Yeats wiyi mo o weltaaki so o alaa mo, o jaabii, .

Oh eey, ko aan, sabu aɗa waɗa jimɗi belɗi e ko mbiyataa weltaare maa, aɗa weltoo e ɗuum. Dewgal wonata ko huunde dullunde nii. Yimɓe fotaani resde. Aduna ina foti yettude mi sabu mi resndaani ma.

Dewgal e John MakBriid

MacBride, fotooje mum ko hitaande 1901

E nder ndunngu 1900, Maud Gonne hawri e John MacBride to Gare de Lyon to Pari, ɗo o ummii Transvaal ngam fuɗɗaade eggol makko caggal nde o haɓi e Biraam Transvaal Irlande e Angalteer. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe ngoni ko e golloraade e nder dingiral ngenndiyaŋkooɓe Irlande e nder laamorgo leydi Farayse, tee alkule maɓɓe politik ɗe ɓe ndenndi ɗee, ɓooyaani ko ɓe ɓadtini ɓe. Ɓe njillondiri e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e hitaande 1901 e kadi e hitaande 1902, ɓe kaaldi e batuuji ngenndiyankooɓe e ƴellitde ballal ngam haɓaade caɗeele Irlande.

To Pari e lewru feebariyee 1903, caggal nde o salii ko famɗi fof eɓɓaaɗe dewgal nay ummoraade e W. B. Yeats hakkunde 1891 e 1901, Maud Gonne resi Major John MacBride, gardinooɗo Biraam Transvaal Irlande haɓde e Angalteer e wolde Boer ɗiɗmere. Yeats ñaagii mo nde o rewata e dewgal ngal, hono no Arthur Griffith, ɓadiiɗo ɓe ɗiɗo fof, kono Gonne ronkaani. Hay so tawii ɓesngu makko e MacBrides ina luulndii mo, o naati diine katolik ñalnde 17 feebariyee, o resi MacBride balɗe nay caggal ɗuum to Pari. Ko famɗi fof ɗoon e ɗoon, o fuɗɗii sikkude o waɗii majjere; Binndanɗe MacBride caggal ɗuum ina kollita wonde o tawii jeytaare makko bohemiyankoore ndee ina yahdi e ko o ɗaminii e debbo, kadi omo yaakorii maa o woppu geɗe teeŋtuɗe e nguurndam makko ɓennuɗam. Ɓeydagol woɗɗude hakkunde maɓɓe ɓooyaani ko feeñi e njilluuji Gonne juutɗi to Irlande, ɗo MacBride, haa jooni e hulɓinaade nanngeede sabu darnde mum e wolde Boer, waawaano rewde e kisal. Hitaande rewtunde ndee, ɓiɗɗo maɓɓe gooto, hono Seán MacBride, jibinaa.

Dewgal ngal yaawi bonnude. E darorɗe hitaande 1904 Gonne e MacBride ina nguurdi heen, ñalnde 28 feebariyee 1905 o fuɗɗii ñaawoore to Pari ngam ɗaɓɓude ceergal e jogaade ɓiɗɗo maɓɓe timmuɗo. Ñaawirde Farayse jaɓaani ceergal. Tuumeede tan ko MacBride tuumaama ko huunde wootere e yarlitaare. O hokkaama hakkeeji njillu laabi ɗiɗi nder yontere, tawi gardagol Seán hokkaama Gonne.

Caggal ñaawoore ndee, Gonne tuumi MacBride ko fenaande e nder galle mum, caggal ɗuum Yeats wiyi wonde MacBride ina fijira Iseult, ɓiy Gonne debbo e jokkondiral ɓennungal. Yeats ruttitii e haala kaa e nder binndanɗe keertiiɗe, kadi ko heewi e winndooɓe nguurndam makko kaaldi heen. Ñaawoore ndee meeɗaa seedtineede e ñaawirde, tee haaldaaka e binndanɗe Iseult, tee daartiyankooɓe ina njeewtida e koolkisagol maggol. Won annduɓe ina mbiya wonde Yeats ina waawi ɓeydude walla feewnude daartol ngol, ɗum addani mo yiɗde MacBride caggal nde Gonne suɓii resde ɗum. Woɗɓe ina teskii wonde Francis Stuart, jom suudu Iseult caggal mum, wiyi o wiyi mo ko haalaa koo ko goonga.

Kanko Gonne, o umminii haala kaa e nder suudu mum e miñiiko MacBride biyeteeɗo Anthony, kono ɗum yaltinaama e binndanɗe makko ñaawirdu ; ɓesngu MacBride caggal ɗuum naatni ɗum e ñaawirdu ngam faddaade innde John.

Ñaawoore ndee yaajnaama no feewi, sibu MacBride waɗi caggal ɗuum ko fenaande, ko ɗum addani Irish Independent waɗde fenaande ndee e gite yimɓe. Luural ngal bonnii no feewi darnde Gonne e nder dingiral ngenndiyankeewal, ɗo o wonnoo ko adii ɗuum ko neɗɗo mawɗo, o acci mo no feewi e politik yahruɗo yeeso haa hitaande 1916. Caggal nde ɓe ceerti, MacBride arti Irlande, o jokkondiri seeɗa e ɓiyiiko, mo Gonne mawni to Pari. Caggal ɗuum o naati e Sinn Féin e fedde wiyeteende Irlande. MacBride nanngaama ngam tawtoreede fitinaaji Paska, o nanngaa e ñaawirdu konu, o waraa e polis to Kilmainham Gaol ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1916, e wondude e James Connolly e ardiiɓe fitinaaji goɗɗi.

Jaabawol Gonne e maayde makko ko ambivalent kono ko renndo. Hay so dewgal maɓɓe joofiima no feewi, o ñaagii mo, o teddini mo sadak makko, caggal ɗuum o feeñi e sunaare jamaanu. E nder binndanɗe makko e Yeats o siftinii warngo makko ko golle njuumri. Maayde MacBride kadi addani mo hoɗde haa abada e nder leydi Irlande tawa o hulaani ɗaɓɓaande sariya ngam reende ɓiyiiko.

E hitaande 1916, Yeats, mo duuɓi mum capanɗe joyi, adii ɗaɓɓude Maud Gonne, o salii, caggal ɗuum o ɗaɓɓi Iseult, mo duuɓi 23, mo jaɓaani kadi. O anndi mo gila omo yahra e duuɓi nay, omo heewi wiyde mo ko ɓiɗɗo makko giɗo, omo ƴetta nafoore baaba makko e binndi makko (Dublinaaɓe heewɓe ina cikkatnoo ko Yeats woni baaba makko).[26] Iseult miijii eɓɓaande ndee, kono haa jooni o saliima, sabu o yiɗaa ɗum tigi rigi, ɗum ina mettina yumma mum no feewi.

Maud Gonne (to nyaamo) e yimɓe fedde wallitnde to Dublin e lewru sulyee 1922

Koolaaɗo kuuɓal republique Irlande

Anndiraaɗo "Irish Joan of Arc", Gonne wonti anndiraaɗo e miijooji mum republique Irlande e geɗe renndo keewɗe hannde e nder Irlande. E jamaanu fin de siècle, o walli remooɓe rentooɓe katolik en Irlande e nder hareeji maɓɓe ngam haɓaade Ascendancy Protestan en e Konstabulaar laamɗo Irlande (RIC) e nder wolde leydi. Gonne ardii batuuji keewɗi pelle winndereeje ngam mahde yurmeende e caɗeele makko e nder renndo Amerik, Angalteer e Farayse. E nder wolde Boer ɗiɗmere, Gonne, e fedde tokosere republique en, mballitii republique Boer en e rokkude konnguɗi e bayyinde binndanɗe jaayndeeji ngam haɓaade Irlandenaaɓe naatde e wolde nde. Gonne anndaama ngam haalaaji maako nder haalaaji maako siyaasaaku nden ɓe ɗon mari teddineego ngam ɓe ɗon ngurtina sosngo hukuumaaji lesdi Irlande kesi.

E lewru abriil 1900, Gonne winndi winndannde tiitoonde mum ko "Laamɗo debbo heege" ngam jaaynde United Irishman e dow njillu ngu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria fotnoo waɗde to Irlande. Jaaynde ndee ko RIC suppiti kono winndannde ndee yaltinaama e jaayɗe Amerik.

Gonne heddii ina tiiɗi no feewi to Pari. E hitaande 1913, o sosi jaaynde wiyeteende Farayse wiyeteende L’Irlande libre. O yiɗiino Cumann na mBan ƴeewteede no feewi : miijo makko ko heɓde jokkondiral e Croix-Rouge Angalteer, o winndi Geneve ngam heɓde mbaydi winndereyankoori wonande fedde ngenndiyaŋkoore hesere ndee. E hitaande 1918, o nanngaa to Dublin, o nawaa Angalteer, o sokaa to kasoo Holloway fotde lebbi jeegom.

O gollodiima e fedde wiyeteende Irish White Cross ngam wallitde yimɓe wonɓe e bonanndeeji. Gonne yahri ko e cirkooji toowɗi. Debbo Lord French, Mrs Charlotte Despard ko suɓngooji lolluɗi, ko Sinn Feiner wonnoo tawo nde o ari Dublin e hitaande 1920. O yahdi e Gonne e njillu to diiwaan Cork, jooɗorde golle rewolison ɓurɗe tiiɗde. Cork wonnoo ko e les njiimaandi Martial Law Area (MLA) haɗaaɗo Irlandenaaɓe e rewɓe wonɓe e yaasi zone kono miñi mum debbo Viceroy ina joginoo pass.

1922. E nder hareeji laabi o ardii delegaasiyoŋ biyeteeɗo Goomu Jam Rewɓe ɓadtiiɗo ardorde Dáil e sehil makko ɓooyɗo Arthur Griffith. Kono ɓe mbaawaano dartinde warngooji siwil en ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, ɓe ɓuri yiɗde ko sariya e deeƴre. E lewru ut o sosi fedde nanndunde e ndee, wiyeteende Ligue de Défense des Femmes des Prisonniers. Kasooji ɗii ko bonɗi, rewɓe heewɓe ina ngoppitaa e kasooji worɓe. Ligue ina wallita ɓesnguuji yiɗɓe kabaruuji nanngaaɓe. Ɓe ngollii ngam hakkeeji kasoo, ɓe puɗɗii vigils e ɓe njaltini daartol maayɓe mettuɓe. E nder sehilaagal makko e Despard e luulndaade laamu ɓe mbiyaama "Mad e Madame Desperate". Daartooɓe ina ciftina no feewi bonneede galle makko to 75 St Stephen's Green, nde soldateeɓe ummoriiɓe e konu leydi ndii njani e nokku o. Gonne nanngaa, nawaa to kasoo Mountjoy. Ñalnde 9 noowammbar 1922, Biro Sinn Féin yani e mbedda Suffolk ; Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (Free State) ɓuuɓtii laamorgo ngoo, ronki luulndo ngo waɗti ɓe kasoo ngam udditde ɓe. Seedeeji ɗii ummorii ko e Margaret Buckley, mo woni kala ko sekreteruuji Sinn Féin, woni gardiiɗo sariya wonande rewɓe ɓee kono alaa ko woni heen so wonaa hakkille e luulndaare maɓɓe e dow majjere jojjanɗe aadee.

Ñalnde 10 saawiyee 1923, Gonne jagga. Ñaawooje ɗee ko : 1) pentugol banngeeji ngam seppooji njiyaagu ; 2) peewnugol binndanɗe luulndiiɗe laamu. E wiyde jaaynde gollodiiɗo makko Hannah Moynihan :

Hanki jamma [10 lewru abriil] waktu 23ɓo kikiiɗe, min nanii jiiɓru ndu heewi yahdude e gargol kasooji kesi... min pestii wardiijo oo, o wiyi min ko nayi – Maud Gonne MacBride, ɓiyiiko debbo Mrs Iseult Stuart e fitirlaaji ɗiɗi ɓurɗi famɗude... Subaka law Maud ina yahra e cellal amen leash lappol tokosol ngol jaabtii innde nde nanndi e Wuzzo – Wuzzo.

O woppitaa ñalnde 28 abriil, caggal balɗe capanɗe ɗiɗi e kasoo. Lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum rewɓe ɓee njaltini haala wonde Nell Ryan maayii e nder kasoo ngam heɓde nafoore propagande. Rewɓe ina njokki nanngeede. Ñalnde 1 suwee Gonne ina darinoo e seppo to yaasi kasoo Kilmainham e Dorothy Macardle, binndoowo e golloowo, e Iseult Stuart. Ɓe ngonnoo ko e wallitde Máire Comerford, ƴaañoowo heege. Kadi iwdi ndee daartol ina wayi no ko banndiiko gonnooɗo kasoo biyeteeɗo Hannah Moynihan.

Aktivism goɗɗo

Gonne wonnoo ko gardiiɗo dille katolik en ngam waylude kaalis to Irlannda e kitaale 1930. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1932 e Fedde Ndimaagu Kaalis, ɓe ngonti Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe Irlande e darorɗe hitaande 1935 e Gonne MacBride wonnoo tergal mawngal e fedde nde e nder kitaale 1930 fof. Ɓe ndaranii ko moƴƴitinde doosɗe kaalis e faggudu Irlannda e laawol sosde peeje lelnaaɗe e yontaaji hakkunde wolde, tawi ko sosɗo faggudu njulaagu renndo, hono Major C.H. Duglaas. E nder jaaynde Irish jeyaande e hitaande 1936, Gonne ñiŋii Ernest Blythe e dow faggudu ñamaale renndo. Udditgol, o winndi; "Mi janngii e haayre ciimtol ngol Mr. Blythe waɗi e jaayndeeji mum e dow Social Credit. Haala Major Douglas wonde peewnugol ngol ɓurii renndinde ɗum en e batte bonɗe ɗe ŋakkeende golle e heege, teddinde hare e anarkisma ko huunde nde yeewtataa, kadi ina laaɓti e kala e nder luumo desperate, the rescramble e nder leydi marsandiisuuji ñaameteeɗi, tawi miliyoŋaaji yimɓe hatojinɓe e ɗeen marsandiis ina njaɓa heege".

E kitaale 1930, o naati e fedde wiyeteende Sehilaaɓe Riisi Sowiyet. O fotti e hooreejo jeytaare leydi Indiya, hono Subhas Chandra Bose, nde o yilliima leydi Irlande e hitaande 1936.

Muuse Yeats

Hayre yanaande Maud Gonne, to yanaande Glasnevin, to wuro Dublin.

Mee 2015

Gonne wonnoo ko musiiba wonande Yeats. Heewɓe e jimɗi Yeats ina njiyloo e makko, walla ina ciftora mo, ko wayi no "This, This Rude Knocking". O winndi pijirle Konte Cathleen e Cathleen ni Houlihan ngam makko.

Yimɓe seeɗa ina mawnina ŋarɗugol debbo haa no Yeats waɗiri e jimɗi mum lyric ko fayti e Gonne. Gila e deftere makko ɗiɗmere haa e jimɗi makko cakkitiiɗi, o wonti Rose, Helen mo Troy (e nder No Troy ɗiɗaɓo), ɓanndu Ledaean (« Leda e Swan » e « Hakkunde sukaaɓe duɗe »), Cathleen Ní Houlihan, Pallas Athene e Deirdre.

Hol ko waɗi miɗo aybina mo wonde o hebbinii balɗe am

E mette, walla ko o waɗata ko ɓooyi

Janngini worɓe majjere laabi ɓurɗi bonde

Walla werlii laabi tokoosi e dow mawɗi ɗii.

(gila e ‘No Troy ɗiɗaɓo’, 1916)

Yimre Yeats winndi e hitaande 1893 « E dow maayde cukalel » ina sikkaa ko e maayde ɓiy Gonne biyeteeɗo Georges, mo Yeats sikki ko Gonne ƴetti. Yimre ndee yaltinaaka e nguurndam Yeats; annduɓe mbiyi o yiɗaa jimɗi ɗii njeyaa e canndolinɗo makko, nde tawnoo ɗi ngonaa gootum.

Yeats hollitii Gonne ko famɗi fof laabi nay kono o saliima kala nde Gonne jaɓaani ŋakkeende darnde makko e republique Irlande.

Miijooji politik e renndo

Gonne ina joginoo miijooji keewɗi e nder nguurndam mum. E nder njuɓɓudi politik Maud Gonne, ko gaññeeje luggiɗe e Dental Dowlaaji Amerik e laamu mum to Irlannda, ɗe o yiyri ko no ƴaañorgal, e kuutoragol e majjere moraal nii. Ɗum jibini naatgol makko e pelle ngenndiije, haa arti noon e sosde Inghinidhe na hÉireann, o humpitii kadi jaɓgol makko e laabi doole ɓalli ngam haɓaade, ko wayi no warngooji walla bommbooji, ɗi o miijii ko golle hare potɗe waɗeede e nder moraal, wonaa bonanndeeji. Hay so tawii o siftinii hoore makko wonde "e sifaa e filosof makko ko pacifist", o hollitii wonde o waɗii bonanndeeji baɗeteeɗi e Biritaan en e nder njuɓɓudi luulndiindi laamu, o miijii peeje ko wayi no tookeede bailiffs walla waɗde bommbooji e laanaaji konu Biritaan en, walla warde laamɗo Edward VII, o yetti e yeeso yimɓe fof wonde defenders of the I. Kono e nder golle, o seeɗa waɗde golle bonɗe ɗe o waɗata, o naatna heen sahaaji ngam haɗde njanguuji, o ƴetta peeje ngam reende jamaanu e nder kewuuji renndo.

O woni ko e ƴeewde ngenndiyaŋkaagal doosgal ko ŋakki, o ñiŋii Charles Stewart Parnell sabu mum salaade fitinaaji, o salii miijo Fenian John O’Leary wonde ina woodi keeri moraal e ko neɗɗo waawi waɗde ngam hisnude leñol, o hirjinii e laaɓndal warngooji baɗeteeɗi e dow laamuuji Engele, o wiyi wonde kala Parkho e Engele ina wondi e P kuutorgal dowla les makko ina foti fiyde "gooto caggal goɗɗo". To bannge politik, o jokkondirii e yimɓe bannge nano hono James Connolly, Charlotte Despard e Constance Markievicz, kono o rewi ko e sosiyaalisma, o alaa miijo laaɓtungo, o joginoo e nokku hee ngenndiyaŋkaagal gaadanteewal Irlannda, gonngal e luulndaade laamu Angalteer.

Politik makko kadi ina jokki e duuɓi makko to Farayse e jokkondiral makko juutngal e politik Boulangist biyeteeɗo Lucien Millevoye. E nder dingiral ñaamowal e ngenndiyaŋkaagal toon, o ƴetti miijooji dictature plebiscitaire, daɗndo ngenndi e teddinde ardiiɓe tiiɗɓe. O hollitii weltaare makko e yimɓe laamuuji, o miijii wonde leƴƴi ina njogii sahaa e sahaa fof ko wayi no yimɓe heewɓe, ko ɗum addani mo caggal ɗuum yiytude geɗe laamuuji fasist en e kominist en, ko ɓuri yiɗeede e demokaraasi liberal Angalteer. E darorɗe kitaale 1930, o wiyi wonde Irlannda « ina waawi janngude e Stalinism e Hitlerism », hay so tawii noon ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ngoƴa makko ko luulndaade Angalteer, wonaa tan jogaade miijooji ɗii fof e timmal.

Feññinde Gonne e politik Farayse bannge ñaamo addani mo waɗde geɗe luulndiiɗe juulɓe e miijooji luulndiiɗi juulɓe, ina jeyaa heen miijooji luulndiiɗi jowitiiɗi e jogaade kaalis e politik yahuud en. E nder haala Dreyfus, o salii darnde Dreyfus, caggal ɗuum o siftini Yeats wonde o yiyri Alfred Dreyfus ko « yahuud mo alaa ko nafata » mo sabaabu mum sikkaani so ina jogii kaalis keewɗo. O hawri e ngenndiyankooɓe Farayse luulndiiɓe ko ɓe njiyri ko ina wona doole kaalis yahuud en e winndere ndee to Farayse. Hay caggal nde Dreyfus woppitaa, o winndi wonde « alaa fof juɓɓule Farayse hannde kisal e njiimaandi gollotooɓe e jumaa ». Ndeeɗoo njiyaagu ina heddii e yiɗde makko e nder nguurndam makko, hay so tawii noon ina wondi e golle makko e bannge yimɓe yahruɓe yeeso e nder kampaañ ngam hakkeeji gollotooɓe, nuunɗal renndo e ustude baasal.

Gonne wonnoo ko daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe e politik e renndo, o sosi e ardii pelle ko wayi no Inghinidhe na hÉireann ngam ɓamtude jaŋde rewɓe, e tawtoreede politik e naatde e geɗe ngenndiije, o haɓanaaki hakkeeji makko e nder ngonkaaji keewɗi ko wayi no ceergal makko. Darnde makko e naatgol rewɓe e dille ngenndiyaŋkooje addani mo ƴellitde pelle ɗe rewɓe ardii, hay so tawii noon o siftoraani hoore makko wonde ko o feministe, tee yiɗde makko e golle rewɓe ɓuri teeŋtude ko e ɓure ngenndiyaŋkooje, wonaa e potal rewɓe e worɓe ɓurngal yaajde. Ko jiidaa e golle makko yuɓɓo, o wallitorii ummital Gaelic, o teeŋtinii ɗemngal Irlande, naalankaagal ngenndiwal e jaŋde siwil ko feere ngam semmbinde njiimaandi ngenndi e hirjinde naatgol yimɓe e nder politik, o naatii e golle baɗɗe faayiida e nder renndo-wellitaare, o wallitorii eɓɓooje evicted school reitich free tenants in, nyaamdu ngam ustude baasal sukaaɓe to Dublin.

E fuɗɗoode wolde adunaare ɗimmere e hitaande 1939, Maud Gonne hollitii ballal mum tiiɗngal e Almaañ : o jokki e wiyde wonde Angalteer ko gaño Irlannda tigi rigi, tawi o yiyri Almaañ ko no sehil potɗo wonde. Ñaawoore makko e paandaale wolde Angalteer ina yahdi e sahaaji e ɗemngal jaɓɓotoongal walla ustude njiyaagu Almaañ, o jokkondiri e Deutscher Fichte-Bund ngam ɗaɓɓude kaɓirɗe propagande. O jokki sehilaagal tiiɗngal e Doktoor Eduard Hempel, ammbasadeer Almaañ to Dublin, e debbo mum Evelyn, mo Gonne heewnoo jaɓɓaade e galle mum to Roebuck House. Hakkillaaji konu Irlande ina ƴeewa golle Gonne, ina tuuma wonde o jeyaa ko e haala Hermann Goertz e hitaande 1940, haala caɗtuka, tawi ina jeyaa heen yimɓe mawɓe heewɓe e nder galle Gonne–MacBride–Stuart. Caggal wolde ndee, Gonne, e miijo mum e yurmeende mum e wolde ndee, e nder ɓataake mo o winndi e sehil makko Ethel Mannin, o winndi : « Mi sikkaani so tawiino ko mi Almaañnaajo caggal nanondiral Versailles, mi wonataano Nazi, so wonaa tawa Nazi en ina njaltina rewɓe ». Gonne kadi wonti tergal sosngal, kanko e Goertz, kampaañ Save the German Children, yiɗnooɗo rokkude cuuɗi restoraaji sukaaɓe Almaañ katolik en yaayaaɓe wolde caggal wolde.

Nguurndam neɗɗo

Maud Gonne MacBride yaltinii deftere nguurndam mum e hitaande 1938, tiitoonde mum ko « Maccuɗo laamɗo debbo » , ko ɗum tuugnorgal ko fayti e gite makko e laamɗo debbo Irlande ɓooyɗo, hono Kathleen Ni Houlihan, e tiitoonde teskinnde, nde tawnoo Gonne ina yiɗi ngenndiyankaagal Irlande e salaade laamu Biritaan.

Gonne sankii ko to Clonskeagh, ina yahra e duuɓi 86, o wirnaa ko to yanaande Glasnevin, to Dublin.

Binndanɗe

Maccuɗo laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Dublin, Defte Golden Eagle (ISBN 9780226302522, 1995)

Teskorɗe

Haala Gonne, kono, ina ruttinaa e nder duuɓi capanɗe, ina heɓa kaalis e ƴeewtaade nguurndam makko, e binndanɗe makko e golle daartol makko, hay so tawii noon ko ɗum huunde nde luulndiima e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder ñaawoore ceergal makko e John MacBride e hitaande 1905. Winndooɓe hono Doro Elizabeth the Macard e woɗɓe Coxhead, teskiima goonga wonde Gonnes en ko njulaagu Engele en jogiiɓe tan ko jokkondiral juutngal, juutngal e Mayo.