Pauli Murray
| Jinsu | debbum  |
|---|---|
| Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
| Innde | Pauli |
| Innde ɓesngu | Murray |
| Ɗuubi daygo | 20 Jolal 1910 |
| Ɗoforde | Baltimore |
| Date of death | 1 Morso 1985 |
| Place of death | Pittsburgh |
| Manner of death | natural causes |
| Cause of death | pancreatic cancer |
| Significant person | Eleanor Roosevelt, Maida Springer Kemp, Lillian Smith, Langston Hughes |
| Wolde | Inngilisjo |
| Field of work | human rights, civil and political rights, creative and professional writing, civil rights |
| Employer | Brandeis University, Ghana School of Law |
| Residence | Durham, Gana, Pauli Murray Family Home |
| Start of work period | 1933 |
| End of work period | 1985 |
| Lenyol | African Americans |
| Diina | Episcopal Church |
| Archives at | Schlesinger Library |
| Influenced by | Caroline F. Ware, Lloyd Kirkham Garrison, Ruth Whitehead Whaley |
| Award received | Lillian Smith Book Award, Maryland Women's Hall of Fame |
| Described at URL | http://paulimurrayproject.org/, https://www.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/murray-pauli/ |
| Oral history at | Southern Oral History Program |
Anna Pauline " Pauli " Murray (20 noowammbar 1910 – 1 sulyee 1985) ko Ameriknaajo daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil, awokaa, ganndo sariya e miijo, binndoowo e... – caggal nguurndam – ko almuudo Episkopaal . Golle Murray ina mbaawi battinde e dille jojjanɗe aadee e yaajtinde ndeenka sariya ngam potal rewɓe e worɓe .
Murray jibinaa ko to Baltimore, to Maryland, ko o baawɗo wonde fof, caggal ɗuum ko neene makko mawni mo to Durham, to Caroline worgo . E duuɓi 16, o ummii o fayi wuro New York ngam janngude to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hunter College, o heɓi dipolom makko Bachelor of Arts e ɗemngal Engele e hitaande 1933. E hitaande 1940, Murray jooɗii e sehil makko e nder oto Virginia, ɗo ɓaleeɓe tan ngoni ɗoo, ɓe nanngaa sabu ɓe mbonni sariyaaji ceertuɗi e dowlaaji ɗii. Ngolɗoo kewu, e jokkondiral makko caggal ɗuum e Ligue de Défense des Travailleurs socialistes, addani mo jokkude golle makko e golle awokaa jojjanɗe aadee. O winnditii e duɗal sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard, ɗo kanko tan woni debbo e nder suudu janngirdu makko. Murray heɓi bak mum ko adii fof e hitaande 1944, kono o haɗaama waɗde golle caggal bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Harvard sabu jinnaaɗo makko . O innitiri hono ndeeɗoo fenaande e rewɓe « Jane Crow », o siftinii sariyaaji Jim Crow jowitiiɗi e seerndude leƴƴi e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik worgo . O heɓi dipoloma makko ko faati e sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, to Berkeley, e hitaande 1965 o woni Afriknaajo Ameriknaajo gadano heɓde dipoloma Doktoraa e ganndal sariya to duɗal sariya Yale .
Ko o awokaa, Murray ina daranii hakkeeji siwil e hakkeeji rewɓe. Fedde ngenndiire ngam ɓamtaare yimɓe ɓaleeɓe (NAACP) hooreejo awokaa Thurgood Marshall noddi deftere Murray nde o winndi e hitaande 1950 wiyeteende Sariyaaji Dowlaaji jowitiiɗi e ɓaleeɓe e ɓaleeɓe, "bible" dille hakkeeji siwil . [1] Murray toɗɗaa ko hooreejo leydi John F. Kennedy ngam golloraade e nder Goomu hooreejo leydi 1961–1963 ngam ƴellitde ngonka rewɓe . E hitaande 1966, o woniino gooto e sosɓe Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Rewɓe . Ruth Bader Ginsburg innitiri Murray ko gooto e winndooɓe tonngoode ACLU e nder ñaawoore mawnde 1971 to Ñaawirde Toownde Reed v. Ndeeɗoo ñaawoore hollitii « waasde ñaawirɗe ɗee anndude diisnondiral hakkunde rewɓe e worɓe e ko ɗum woni koo e sifaaji mum kuuɓtidinɗi e sifaaji diisnondiral goɗɗi ɗi ngalaa ɗo tuugii ». [2] Murray ina joginoo golle jannginooɓe walla njuɓɓudi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Gana, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benedict, e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Brandeis .
E hitaande 1973, Murray yalti jaŋde ngam waɗde golle jowitiiɗe e Egliis Episkopaal . O wonti almuudo toɗɗaaɗo e hitaande 1977, e nder yontaaji gadani almuudo rewɓe e debbo afriknaajo-ameriknaajo gadano toɗɗaaɗo almuudo Episkopaal. Gaagaa golle makko to bannge sariya e wallitde, Murray yaltinii defte ɗiɗi ɗe o waɗi e nguurndam makko, ɗe o ƴeewti no feewi, e deftere jimɗi. Fuɗɗaade yaltude e hitaande 1970, deftere jimɗi, Dark Testament, yaltinaa kadi e hitaande 2018.
Murray, mbaydi jokkere enɗam e jokkere enɗam, yahdaani e doosɗe gonɗe heen ɗee. O joginoo dewgal juutngal, ngal o fotnoo waɗde e gorko, e jokkondiral luggiɗngal keewngal e rewɓe. E nder duuɓi makko tokoosi, sahaa e sahaa fof o yawti ko suka gorko. [3]
Nguurndam gadano
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Murray jibinaa ko to Baltimore, Maryland, ñalnde 20 noowammbar 1910. [4] Banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof e nder galle maɓɓe ko iwdi leƴƴi jillondirɗi, taaniraaɓe mum en ina mbaɗi jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe, jom jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe, Ameriknaaɓe aslinaaɓe, Irlanndanaaɓe, e yimɓe ɓaleeɓe rimɓe . Feere-feere e mbaydiiji galle makko ina cifaa no "Leyɗeele Dentuɗe e nder miniature". [ 11 ] Jibnaaɓe Murray, jannginoowo duɗal William H. Murray e infirmiyee Agnes (Fitzgerald) Murray, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe nganndiraa ko ɓaleeɓe. [ 12 ] E hitaande 1914, Agnes maayi e ƴiiƴam ɓalndu nde ɓiyiiko debbo ina yahra e duuɓi tati. [5] Caggal nde baaba Murray fuɗɗii dañde caɗeele ɓernde, won sikkuɓe ko batte ñawu nguu, banndiraaɓe ƴetti cukalel makko. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)">ciimtol ina haani</span> ]
Pauli Murray, jahroowo e duuɓi tati, neldaama Durham, to leydi Karolina worgo, ngam hoɗdude e galle yumma mum. [1] Ko ɗoon o mawni e juuɗe neene makko, hono Sarah (Sallie) e Pauline Fitzgerald Dame (ɓe ɗiɗo fof ko jannginooɓe), kam e mawniiko en yumma makko, hono Robert e Korneliya (Smith) Fitzgerald. [ 15 ] O naati e Egliis Episcopal St. Titus e galle yumma makko, hono no yumma makko yahri hade Murray jibineede. [1] Nde o heɓi duuɓi 12, baaba makko waɗtaa e safrirde laamu Crownsville ngam Negro Insane, ɗo o heɓaani safaara laaɓtuɗo. Pauli yiɗnoo ko hisnude mo, kono e hitaande 1923 (nde o yahrata e duuɓi 13), garde daneejo gooto fiyi mo feggere baseball. [2]
Murray hoɗi ko Durham haa o heɓi duuɓi 16, nde o ummii o fayi wuro New York ngam timminde jaŋde makko leslesre e heblude jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. [6] Ko ɗoon o hoɗi e galle ɓiɗɗo mawniiko biyeteeɗo Maude. Galle oo ina rewa ngam ɓaleeɓe e nder hoɗorde maɓɓe ɓaleeɓe. Gargol Murray ina muusi hoɗdiiɓe Maude, kono, nde tawnoo Murray ɓuri yiyeede ko e iwdi Afrik feccere. [3] O heɓi dipolom makko ɗiɗmo e teddungal to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Richmond Hill e hitaande 1927, o winnditii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hunter College duuɓi ɗiɗi. [7]
Murray resii William Roy Wynn, ganndiraaɗo Billy Wynn, e nder sirlu ñalnde 30 noowammbar 1930, kono ɓooyaani ko o ari e nimsude kuulal ngal. [5] Daartoowo biyeteeɗo Rosalin winndi :
Tuugnorgal
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]- ↑ Ahmed 2006.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "WP". - 1 2 Mack 2012.
- ↑ Sanchez 2003.
- 1 2 Rosenberg 2017.
- ↑ Bucher 2007.
- ↑ Bell-Scott 2016.