Persi Giruwaar

ɓii aadama
Jinsu	gorko
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku	Naajeeriya
Innde	Percy
Innde ɓesngu	Girouard
Ɗuubi daygo	26 Siilo 1867
Ɗoforde	Montreal
Date of death	26 Siilto 1932
Place of death	London
Place of burial	Brookwood Cemetery
Father	Désiré Girouard
Mother	Essie Cranwill
Dee/goriiwo	Mary Gwendolen Solomon
Marude	Richard Girouard
Ɗemngal	Inngilisjo
Wolde	Inngilisjo, Nigerian Pidgin
Sana'aji	governor
Position held	Governor of Kenya, Governor of Northern Nigeria
Janngi to	Royal Military College of Canada, Collège de Montréal
Military, police or special rank	colonel, major general
Award received	Distinguished Service Order, Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George, Person of National Historic Significance
Described at URL	https://www.lapresse.ca/affaires/2021-09-07/lecons-de-gestion-de-l-histoire/la-voie-ferree-dans-le-desert-d-edouard-percy-girouard.php

Sir Eduward Persi Kranwil Giruard, KCMG , DSO (26 lewru Yarkomaa 1867 – 26 Suwee 1932) ko jiɗɗo Laamaandi, mahoowo laabi njamndi Kanadaa, Komiseer mawɗo to Fuɗnaange Nijeer e Protektorat Fuɗnaange Afrik e golloowo sanɗaaji Angalteer.

Jaangirde

O jibinaa ko to Montreal, Kebek, ɓiy Desiré Girouard e Essie Cranwill, o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Montréal (1877–1878) e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St awokaa Faraysenaajo-Kanadaajo alɗuɗo jahruɗo yeeso haa wonti depitee Conservative e ñaawoore Suudu Sarɗiiji tawi yumma mum ko immigrant Irlande. Girourad wayi ko no ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe fedde Farayse-Kanadaa keddiiɗe ɗee nii, janngaani to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Laval, nokku janngirde aadaaji fedde Farayse, o suɓii ko janngude e ɗemngal Engele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Military College. ^[1] Girouard heɓi dipolom mum gadano e nder duɗal mum ko innde injenieer, ko kanko woni katolik Roma gadano heɓde dipolom injenieer to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde militeer laamɗo. ^[1]

Kugal

Girouard golliima duuɓi ɗiɗi e " Laana njoorndi hakkunde leyɗeele Maine " to Greenville, Maine, hade makko waɗeede e golle e nder Royal Engineers e hitaande 1888. Ko yaawi dañde innde wonde neɗɗo laana njoorndi baawɗo no feewi, tiiɗɗo no feewi sabu golle makko to Maine, addani Girouard arde e leydi Angalteer e Ɓesngu Girouard yiɗiino yo o jooɗo to Kanadaa, kono Girouard yiɗiino yiyde aduna o e mahde laabi njamndi e nder laamu Angalteer fof. ^[2]

Laabi-njamndi e nder leydi Sudaan e Misra

Tuggi 1890 haa 1895 o woniino gardiiɗo laawol laana njoorndi Woolwich Arsenal hade makko naatde e Ekspedisiyoŋ Dongola e hitaande 1896, Kitchener naamndii mo yo o ƴeewto yaajnude laawol laana njoorndi ɓooyngol Wadi-Halfa haa Akasha, ngol woni fuɗɗoode laana njoorndi Rail Sudaan . Kitchener naamndinooma Girouard nde tawnoo ko kanko ɓuri waawde mahde laabi njamndi e nder laamu Angalteer fof. ^[2] Ñalnde 20 marse 1896, wuro Akasheh ƴettaa ko e juuɗe Sir Archibald Hunter, Girouard yahi golloyaade mahngo laawol laana njoorndi e nder jeereende. ^[2] E ñalnde 4 ut 1896 Girouard habri Kitchener wonde laawol laana njoorndi ngol ina yaaji jooni gila Wali Halfa haa Kosheh, ina yaaji fotde 116 kiloomeeteer jeereende joornde.

Mahngo laawol laana njoorndi e nder jeereende e teeminannde 19ɓiire addani caɗeele mawɗe ko wayi no njanguuji ummoraade e Ansar, gollordu fotde 800 suudannaajo mo nganndaa hay huunde e mahngo laana njoorndi, ina foti jannginde kala ko ina wona, toɓooli mawɗi sahaa e sahaa fof ina loota kala ko ina ustoo laawol ngol, ko ɓuri heewde e haajuuji kille a off gollotooɓe e lewru ut 1896. Girouard fotnoo ko sosde duɗe karallaagal ɗiɗi ngam jannginde gollotooɓe mum Sudannaaɓe no gollortoo ko wayi no jaagorɗe station, shunters yard e signalers nde tawnoo hay gooto e ɗeen karallaagal anndaaka e nder Sudaan mo meeɗaa anndude laabi njamndi. E nder deftere makko 1899 wiyeteende « Hare maayo », Winston Churchill yetti Girouard wonde ko o neɗɗo baawɗo no feewi, baawɗo yahrude yeeso e nder leydi Sudaan.

Caggal nde Angalteer fooli Ansar en e wolde Hafir ñalnde 19 suwee 1896, Dongola heɓtaa ñalnde 24 suwee 1896. Ɗee nafooje ɓuri waawde waɗeede ko e laawol laana njoorndi ngol Girouard mahi, ngol addani Kitchener addude kaɓirɗe keewɗe ngam haɓaade fisarre e worɓe ngam apply . ^[3]

E hitaande 1897, Kitchener yamiri mo mahde laawol laana njoorndi ummoraade Wadi Halfa fayde Abu Hamed, 235 kiloomeeteer (235) e nder jeereende Nubi, ɗum itti 500 kiloomeeteer (500) e yahdu dow maayo Niil. Ɗum ina waɗi riis no feewi nde tawnoo Girouard ina joginoo sahaa kala laawol mum laana njoorndi sara maayo Niil, ɗo laanaaji diwooje ngonnoo ngam reende gollotooɓe mum e hareeji Ansar, kono o jaɓi riis oo, o yahi golloyaade. Girouard ina heewi yahde dow e les e laawol laana njoorndi, omo toppitii golle ɗee nde tawnoo o alaa hoolaare e mbaawka gollotooɓe makko Sudaannaaɓe mahde laawol laana njoorndi e dow koye mum en. ^[4] Nde Kitchener soodi lokomotiiji keewɗi ɗi Girouard miijinoo ina weeɓi no feewi ngam golloraade e nder jeereende, ɗiɗaɓo o yahi to Angalteer ngam soodde e hoore makko lokomotiiji ɓurɗi teeŋtude to Amerik e nde o ñamli Cecil Rhodes goɗɗi keewɗi to Afrik worgo. ^[3] Miliyoŋaajo biyeteeɗo Rodes, baɗnooɗo ngalu e nder njulaagu kaaƴe e kaŋŋe Afrik worgo, ina joginoo koyɗol mawngol mahde laawol laana njoorndi ummoraade Kap to Kaayi, ngol ummotoo Kap Town e nder Afrik haa Kaayi . ^[3] E nder heen, "laabi laana njoorndi Kap to Kaayre" maa won kuutorgal ngam jagginde Angalteer ko heewi e Afrik nde tawnoo Rode ina joginoo peeje mawɗe ngam hoɗnude miliyoŋaaji Angalteer koɗdiiɗo e Afrik. Ko noon ne kadi, Rode ina yiɗi waɗde kala ko ina wallita Kitchener heɓtude Sudaan mbele ina waawa mahde « laawol laana njoorndi Cape to Cairo » mum. ^[3] Girouard, jom hakkille tiiɗɗo oo, ina anndaa no feewi e yiɗde haaldude e Kitchener, gorko mo heewɓe njiyri ina hulɓinii no feewi, tee hay so ɓe keewi luurondirde, Kitchener meeɗaa ittude mo. ^[3] Ngolɗoo laawol ngol Girouard mahi addani Kitchener nawde konu Misra e Angalteer e les njiimaandi mum e nder ɓernde Sudaan, o fooli konu Khaliifa to Atbara e Omdurman e hitaande 1898. O heɓi yamiroore Distinguished Service Order (DSO) caggal nde Sudaannaaɓe fooli Sudaan. Oon sahaa Girouard toɗɗaama hooreejo fedde laamu leydi Ejipt, ko kanko woni kalfinaaɗo laɓɓinde jolngo e Port Alexandrie. E hitaande 1902, o rokkaa njeenaari ɗiɗmiri e nder njuɓɓudi laamɗo Ottomaan ( Ordre Impérial Ottoman) to Medjidie « ngam teddinde golle makko e nder Diiso Njuɓɓudi Laabi njamndi Ejipt, Telegaraamuuji, e Port Aleksandri ».

Afrik worgo, hitaande 1899-1904

E lewru oktoobar 1899 Girouard neldaa to Biro konu to Afrik worgo ngam wasiyaade ngonka laawol laana njoorndi e nder Koloni Kap. Nde wolde Boer (1899–1902) fuɗɗii o wonti Direkteer Laanaaji diwooje konu Imperial tawi ina jeyaa heen laabi e nder Kap, kam e laabi ɗi Boer en ƴetti e juuɗe Orange Free State e Transvaal. Jaawgol makko feewnude laabi bonɗi ɗii e ƴellitaare leslesre hesere e saraaji pontiiji bonɗi ɗii, addani mo yahdu yaawndu e worɓe e kaɓirɗe ngam wallitde yahrude yeeso jaawɗo konu Lord Robert e hitaande 1900 ngam heɓtude Pretoria. O siftinaama e diisnondiral (31 marse 1900 e 23 suwee 1902 ), o heɓi njeenaari Afrik worgo, e lewru noowammbar 1900 o heɓi njeenaari konu (Comandant de la Ordre de St Michael et de St George ) (KCMG) sabu golle makko e nder wolde. Lord Kitchener winndi e nder ɓataake no Girouard wonnoo « wasiyaaji makko mawɗi e denndaangal naamne keewɗe e caɗtuɗe jowitiiɗe e njuɓɓudi laana njoorndi e nder Afrik worgo », o joofniri wonde « ko o ofisee baawɗo wonde fof ». ^[5] Caggal nde wolde ndee joofi, laana njoorndi konu laamɗo oo wayli innde mum, wonti laana njoorndi hakkundeejo Afrik worgo e lewru sulyee 1902. Girouard heddii e Afrik worgo ko Komiseer laana njoorndi (e darnde nokkuure nde ko lietnaa-kolonel ) gila minhaers to pressure Jonnese dooli mo woppude laamu e hitaande 1904.

Komisinaajo mawɗo, Naajeeriya e Fuɗnaange Afrik, 1906-1912

E hitaande 1906, Winston Churchill, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi to Biro Koloñaal, ƴetti Girouard ngam wonde lomto Sir Frederick Lugard, hono Komiseer mawɗo to Fuɗnaange Nijeer . Girouard kadi ko kañum halfinaa mahngo laawol laana njoorndi ummoraade Baro, to maayo Niiseer, 366 kiloomeeteer to fuɗnaange wuro ɓooyngo wiyeteengo Kano. Ko o Komisinaajo mawɗo o walliri kadi golle Goomu Leyɗeele Fuɗnaange-rewo Naajeeriya e sariyaaji ɗi o heɓi e ngal ɗoon golle ina njogii batte haɗde sosde jeyi keeriiɗo e nder leydi. Ndeen o woniino Komiseer Protektoraat Afrik Fuɗnaange Angalteer ( Kenya ) tuggi 1909 haa 1912. Naatgol makko e dille luulndiiɗe Maasai en addani mo luural mawngal e Sekereteer Koloñaal, Lord Milner, jaɓɗo deƴƴere makko e hitaande 1912 e golle Eslwick ɗe njuɓɓudi kaɓirɗe e mahngo laanaaji Armstrong Whitworth e Co.

Tuugnorgal

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