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Postpartum confinement

Iwde to Wikipedia

Koɗki caggal jibineede ko huunde aada caggal jibineede.[1]Rewooɓe ɗeen aadaaji ina keewi fuɗɗoraade ɗoon e ɗoon caggal jibineede, tawa kadi ko seerndi ɗum en walla ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko njuuteendi balɗe mbayliigu pinal : ko ɓuri heewde ko lewru wooturu walla balɗe 30,[2] balɗe 26, haa balɗe 40, lebbi ɗiɗi, walla balɗe 100.[3] Ndee ɗoo cellal caggal jibinannde ina waawi waɗde golle toppitiiɗe ko fayti e "goongɗinal cellal gaadanteewal, taƴe, laabi, e haɗeede."[4] Golle ɗee meeɗiino anndeede ko "lelnude", ɗe, no helmere ndee holliri nii, ina tuugnii e fooftere leeso. E nder won e pine, ina waawi jokkondirde e taƴondiral jowitiingal e softeende caggal jibinannde.

Yiyngo

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Yumma e ɓiyum keso ina fooftoo e leeso, ina njuuma

Koɗki caggal jibineede ina firta yumma oo e ɓiɗɗo oo fof. Jibinaaɓe aadee en ina pamɗi no feewi haa safrooɓe sukaaɓe hono Harvey Karp mbiyata lebbi tati gadani ɗii ko "lebbi nay".[5] Yontereeji fooftere nde yumma oo sellirta kadi ina reena cukalel ngel no ngel yahrata e aduna, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njannga karallaagal ñamminde.

Fotde leyɗeele fof ina njogii won e mbaadiiji lewru jibinannde. Leyɗeele keewɗe ina cemmbina worɓe yo ƴettu won e balɗe baaba, kono hay ɗe yamiri yo won e balɗe jibinannde renndinde ɗee kuutoree baaba ("quota baaba") ina njaɓa wonde yumma ina sokli waktuuji ngam woppude golle ngam sellude e jibineede e haɓaade mbayliigaaji fisik caggal jibinannde.

Deftere Ameriknaare 2016 siftinii caɗeele winndude ɗeen "aadaaji neeneeji aduna" kono ina hollita wonde "hono no ɓoggol kaŋŋe jokkondirngol rewɓe gila e yontaaji garooji, porotokol toppitagol yumma keso oo e ittude ɗum e golle mum e tabitinde wonde o fooftoo e ñaamde ina hollira e nokkuuji ceertuɗi[6]. Ɗee aadaaji mbinndaama e nder defte janngirɗe keewɗe, ina keewi heen ballal yumma keso (ina heen yaltinde golle galle), fooftere, ñaamdu keeriindi ngam ñaamde (e ko foti reeneede), golle laaɓtuɗe laaɓtuɗe, e laabi toppitagol cukalel ngel.[7]

Martha Wolfenstein e Margaret Mead mbinndi e hitaande 1955 wonde sahaa caggal jibineede ina firta "debbo ina waawi teddineede e teddineede tawa ina anndi ina ŋakki walla ina hersa". Ƴeewndo 2016 ngo ciftini ɗum en ina siftina aadaaji winndere ndee kala, gila e jamaanu Biibal haa e leydi Geres hannde ndii :

Gila e doosɗe ina wayi no rewɓe ina ngonnoo e galleeji balɗe keewɗe caggal jibineede e njuuteendi ndeeɗoo dumunna gonɗo e ŋoral ina seerti e leñol walla e leñol [to Nepal]. Ɗumɗoo ko huunde tawaande e nder winndere ndee kala, haa arti noon e leyɗeele keewɗe ngalu e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii. Njuuteeki waktu mo debbo seertata walla fooftoo ina seerti e nder leyɗeele ceertuɗe kadi kuule gonɗe e ndee seertude (sellinde vs. wonde laaɓɗo) ina nanndi kadi e ceertuɗe no feewi. Caggal nde dumunna cakkitiiɗo oo joofi ina heewi waɗde kewu ngam laaɓtinde rewɓe ngam jaɓde ɗum en e yeeso yimɓe fof e nder nguurndam ñalnde kala. Binndol ngol ina wallita miijo fooftere – dumunna juutɗo lelnude walla lelnude, dumunna ɓuuɓɗo, no rewɓe poti fooftaade ngam sellinde, kono ina waawi firtude wonde ɓe ngoppaama[8]

Batte cellal

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Wiɗtooji kollitooji batte cellal gonɗe e ɓuuɓri caggal jibinannde, peeñninii geɗe keewɗe. Hitaande 2009, ƴeewndo njuɓɓudi jannde ɗemngal Engele dow golle coktirgal Siin, timminii, "Won hujjaaji seeɗa kollitooji wonde golle coktirgal ina usta mette caggal jibinannde."[9]

Ƴeewndo kuuɓtodinngo ɓurngo ɓooyde e hitaande 2023, tawi ina waɗi wiɗtooji sappo e jeegom (16) keewɗi ummoraade e Siin e yimɓe Siinnaaɓe eggooɓe caggal leydi, ko noon kadi holliri wonde "waɗde-lewru" waawaano hollirde batte kuuɓtodinɗe e ndeenka depression caggal jibinannde. Kono tan, ƴeewndo ngoo hollitii wonde wiɗtooji nay e nder sappo e jeegom ɗii njiytii wonde ina usta baasal, ina hollita wonde moƴƴere e wellitaare e ballal gonngal e nder reedu – wonaa tan jokkude e gollal ngal – ina waawi wonde huunde ɓurnde himmude e batte cellal hakkille yumma.[10]

Meta-synthesis qualitative 2024 ƴeewtotooɗo nguurndam rewɓe Siin caggal jibinannde e nder reedu, hollitii wonde rewɓe ina teddini fooftere ɓanndu, ballal renndo, e sahaa cellal yuɓɓo, kono wonde luural e toppitiiɓe—haa teeŋti e yummiraaɓe-e dow kuule reedu ina waawi addande ɓe mette hakkille[11]

Hitaande 2007, ƴeewndo njuɓɓudi aadaaji caggal jibinannde e nder pine keewɗe hollitii wonde geɗe keewɗe - ina heen ballal renndo, fooftere, e ñamri keeriindi - ina yaaji no feewi e yummiraaɓe, hay so tawii ƴeewndo ngoo hollitii ŋakkeende wiɗtooji tiiɗɗi ngam tabitinde batte cellal keertiiɗe.[12]

Ƴeew kadi

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Tuugnorgal

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  1. ↑ Withers, M; Kharazmi, N; Lim, E (January 2018). "Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries". Midwifery. 56: 158–170. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2017.10.019. PMID 29132060.
  2. ↑ Chien, Yeh-Chung; Huang, Ya-Jing; Hsu, Chun-Sen; Chao, Jane C-J; Liu, Jen-Fang (2008). "Effect of Alcohol consumption on Maternal lactation characteristics during 'doing-the-month' ritual". Public Health Nutrition. 12 (3): 382–388. doi:10.1017/S1368980008002152. PMID 18426631.
  3. ↑ "Confinement practices: an overview". BabyCenter. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
  4. ↑ Tung, Wei-Chen (22 June 2010). "Doing the Month and Asian Cultures: Implications for Health Care". Home Health Care Management & Practice. 22 (5): 369–371. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1020.5139. doi:10.1177/1084822310367473. S2CID 73055081.
  5. ↑ "Dr. Karp On Parenting And The Science Of Sleep". All Things Considered. National Public Radio. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  6. ↑ Ou, Heng; Amely, Greeven; Belger, Marisa (2016). The First Forty Days: The Essential Art of Nourishing the New Mother. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-1-61769-183-6.
  7. ↑ Dennis, Cindy-Lee; Fung, Kenneth; Grigoriadis, Sophie; Robinson, Gail Erlick; Romans, Sarah; Ross, Lori (July 2007). "Traditional Postpartum Practices and Rituals: A Qualitative Systematic Review". Women's Health. 3 (4): 487–502. doi:10.2217/17455057.3.4.487. ISSN 1745-5065. PMID 19804024.
  8. ↑ Wong, Josephine; Fisher, Jane (August 2009). "The role of traditional confinement practices in determining postpartum depression in women in Chinese cultures: A systematic review of the English language evidence". Journal of Affective Disorders. 116 (3): 161–169. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.11.002. PMID 19135261.
  9. ↑ Yang, Xiao; Qiu, Mujie; Yang, Yichun; Yan, Junlin; Tang, Kun (2023). "Maternal postnatal confinement practices and postpartum depression in Chinese populations: A systematic review". PLOS ONE. 18 (10). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293667. PMC 10615300 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37903136 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Chen, Y.; Wang, H. (2024). "Experiences of postpartum Chinese women undergoing confinement practices: A qualitative meta-synthesis". International Journal of Nursing Practice. 30 (4). doi:10.1111/ijn.13248. PMC 11608940 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38379023 Check |pmid= value (help).
  11. ↑ Dennis, Cindy-Lee; Fung, Kenneth; Grigoriadis, Sophie; Robinson, Gail Erlick; Romans, Sarah; Ross, Lori (July 2007). "Traditional Postpartum Practices and Rituals: A Qualitative Systematic Review". Women's Health. 3 (4): 487–502. doi:10.2217/17455057.3.4.487. PMID 19804024.
  12. ↑ Lary, Diana (2022). China's grandmothers: gender, family, and aging from late Qing to twenty-first century. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-009-06478-1. OCLC 1292532755.
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