Rahiilu Krothers

Rahiilu Krothers

ɓii aadama

Jinsu	debbum
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku	Dowlaaji Dentuɗi
Innde	Rachel
Innde ɓesngu	Crothers
Ɗuubi daygo	12 Bowte 1878, 1870
Ɗoforde	Bloomington
Date of death	5 Morso 1958
Place of death	Danbury
Wolde	Inngilisjo
Writing language	Inngilisjo
Sana'aji	theatre director, screenwriter, playwright, dramaturge, writer
Janngi to	Illinois State University
Magnum opus	Nice People
Archives at	New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Memba en	American Academy of Arts and Letters

 

 From Wikidata

Rachel Crothers ko ina wona hitaande 1915

Rachel Crothers (12 desaambar 1870 – 5 sulyee 1958) ko binndoowo pijirlooji e gardo pijirlooji Ameriknaajo ganndiraaɗo pijirlooji mum moƴƴi, keewɗi haalde ko faati e tiitooɗe rewɓe. E nder daartiyankooɓe pijirlooji, o anndiraa ko "debbo ɓurɗo waawde winndude pijirlooji e nder feccere adannde e teeminannde noogasɓiire." Gooto e pijirlooji makko ɓurɗi lollude ko Susan e Alla (1937), mo MGM waɗi e hitaande 1940 , tawi ko Joan Crawford e Fredric March.

Nguurndam

Crothers jibinaa ko ñalnde 12 desaambar 1870, to Bloomington, to leydi Illinois, e galle Doktoor Eli Kirk Crothers e Doktoor Mari Luwis (de Pew) Crothers. Yumma Crothers, debbo jom hakkille keeriiɗo, mo baaba mum wonnoo sehil Abraham Lincoln, yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara e duuɓi capanɗe jeegom, o wonti gooto e rewɓe safrooɓe adanɓe to Illinois, o hawri e haa jooni o fooli luulndaare mawnde e golle makko to Bloomington. Hay so tawii jibnaaɓe makko ko diineeji e jom en hakkillaaji en, ɓe ngalaa heen nafoore teeŋtunde e pijirlooji, geɗe kaalis, potal, ƴettugol riis, e nokku debbo e nder aduna, ko huunde e nguurndam Crothers gila e duuɓi mum gadani.

Ɓesngu nguu ina anniyii wonde ɓiɓɓe mum en rewɓe ina poti janngude, Crothers heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Illinois State Normal e hitaande 1891. Hitaande rewtunde ndee, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde New England to Boston, ɗo yiɗde makko dingiral ƴellitii. Yaakaare makko yahde New York ngam ɗaɓɓude golle e nder dingiral, jibnaaɓe makko njaɓaani ɗum, ɓe mbiyi yo o hoot galle makko to Illinois. Nafoore makko e fijirde jokki haa toon, kono, o woniino tergal sosngal fedde wiyeteende Bloomington Dramatic Club. (Yiɗde makko e pijirlooji ina yaaji no feewi e oon sahaa : A Doll's House mo Ibsen waɗi haa jooni, ina jeyaa e miijooji makko ngam waɗde peewnugol Club. ) E hitaande 1898, duuɓi joy caggal maayde baaba makko, Crothers heɓi yamiroore heɓde koyɗol mum, yahde New York e hoore mum. O siftori caggal ɗuum : « mi anndaa hay gooto e New York, kono mi naniino David Belasco e Daniel Frohman, ɓe ngoni ko e jaabaade ɓataakeeji am ». Ko ɗuum wonnoo hirjinde no feewi kadi, hay so tawii ballal peewnitooɓe lolluɓe ɓee joofiima ɗoon, o ummii Bloomington o fayti Manhattan, e ballal kaalis yumma makko, o winnditii e ekkolaaji fijirde, o tawi heen geɗe tokoose e nder sosiyeteeji stok e sosiyeteeji njilluuji.

E hitaande 1899, Crothers ina winnda pijirlooji mum gooti, e nder duuɓi seeɗa garooji ɗii, nde pijirlooji ɗii keɓi ko hollirta e notiiji moƴƴi, o dañii innde no suka debbo binndoowo pijirlooji baawɗo wonde fof, jogiiɗo nafoore e "pijirlooji caɗeele renndo" hono no Ibsen nii. Fooyre makko mawnde ari ko e hitaande 1906, nde pijirlooji makko gadani timmuɗi, The Three of Us, peewnaa. Nde weltiima e dogdu 277 e nder suudu dingiral Madison Square to wuro New York. Pijirlooji ɗii keɓii yeewtere mum en adannde to Londres to Terry’s Theatre ñalnde 10 lewru juko hitaande 1908, tawi ko Fannie Ward woni hooreejo.

Gila ndeen, haa e kitaale 1940, Crothers wonnoo ko innde mawnde e nder winndere pijirlooji Broadway. Record makko njulaagu ina ŋakki—hits e flops, fotde jillondirde—kono ko o binndoowo baawɗo golle, teddinaaɗo, jogiiɗo golle keewɗe e innde makko e sahaa nde o woni hakkunde duuɓi.

E hitaande 1917, e nder wolde adunaare adannde, Crothers sosi, ardii Fedde ngam wallitde rewɓe Stage. E hitaande 1932, o walli e sosde Fonds de Relief de la Stage, jaabawol e ŋakkeende mawnde, o woni gardiiɗo haa hitaande 1951. E hitaande 1940, o ardii yuɓɓinde fedde wiyeteende American Theatre Wing, gollornde Kantin Stage Door lolluɗo oo, o woni gardiiɗo gollordu mum haa hitaande 1951.

O sankii ko ñalnde 5 sulyee 1958, to Danbury, to leydi Konnektikut . O meeɗaa resde.

Kugal

Rachel Crothers ummoraade e deftere yaltunde e hitaande 1917

Pijirlooji Rachel Crothers ina keewi haalde ko faati e tiitooɗe renndoyankooje hannde e caɗeele moraale toɗɗiiɗe rewɓe, ina jeyaa heen jokkere enɗam hakkunde rewɓe e worɓe, dewgal ñaawoore, " yiɗde ndimaagu ", ceergal, njeeygu, e hakkille Freud . Hay so tawii won e pijirlooji makko ina laaɓti, ina cemmbina yurmeende e caɗeele ɗe rewɓe teeminannde noogas njogori haɓaade e hollirde jikkuuji sukaaɓe rewɓe cuusal e asli, won heen ina mbaɗi geɗel gootel e ko wayi no komedi, hay so tawii ko parodi, e ƴattooje teskinɗe e feminism radikal ; ko noon golle makko mbaawaa sifaade no feewi e sifaa politik. E nder pijirlooji goɗɗi, sukaaɓe rewɓe makko rimɓe ina ngarta e golle gaadanteeje e joofnirde, haa teeŋti noon so tawii ɓe ngoni ko e baasal waasde gorko mo ɓe njiɗi, e nder pijirlooji goɗɗi "Crothers ina winnda heen mettere e yahdu rewɓe e yiɗde aybinde ɗum e ŋakkeende ɓerɗe rewɓe." Kono Crothers winndi ko e yonta mbayliigu renndo jaawngu, no o anndirnoo no feewi. "So aɗa yiɗi yiyde maande jamaanu, ndaar rewɓe" o wiyi e hitaande 1912. "Evolution maɓɓe ko huunde ɓurnde himmude e nguurndam hannde."

Nde The Three of Us winndaa ndee, kuulal sappo e jeenay ngal ko duuɓi sappo e nay garooji ɗii, tee rewɓe seeɗa ina naamnoo ŋakkeende potal dewgal; nde o woppi winndude pijirlooji e darorɗe kitaale 1930, aduna oo, ko famɗi fof wonande rewɓe hakkundeeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, wayliima no feewi. Pijirlooji Crothers ko ina tolnoo e capanɗe tati (30) e golle timmuɗe ina kollita ɗeen waylooji, ɓurɗi laaɓtude e ko o rokkaa sahaa e sahaa fof teddungal.

Yeru, kanko e makko (1920) ina hollita miijo Crothers e caɗeele jinnaaɓe ɗe Ameriknaaɓe hannde ɓee njogori haɓtaade e oo sahaa waylo-waylo. Waɗi ko e hitaande 1910, ko ina wona sahaa nde o fuɗɗii winndude pijirlooji ɗii, He and She ƴetti ko jom suudu jom suudu ɓuuɓɗo, Tom e Ann Herford. Ɓe ngonaa kosmopolitan en jogiiɓe golle, cukalel, e dewgal welngal. Tom ina wallita hakkeeji rewɓe, ina weltii nde debbo mum holliri doole mum e fannu mum, hono seppooji. Kono nde o majjini yamiroore seppooji teeŋtunde e Ann, ko ɓesngu nguu goongɗini koo ina ƴeewtee : mbele Tom ina waawi wuurdude e nafoore debbo mum e nder renndo e ŋakkeende mum yi’eteende no feewi ? Mbele Ann ina waawi wuurdude e hersa Tom e batte mum e jokkondiral maɓɓe? Mbele golle Ann ɗe o gollotoo hannde ɗee ina njahda e golle yumma makko haa o dañi ɓiɗɗo debbo jahroowo e duuɓi 18, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina wondi e caɗeele sabu nguurndam golle jibnaaɓe mum ? Jikkuuji goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen balloowo Tom, mo nuunɗuɗo ina ɗaminii wonde jom suudu mum ina woppa golle mum jaayndeyaagal, ina wona jom galle so ɓe resndii (wonaa ko jaɓaa e suka debbo oo); Baaba Ann, mo 6uuccii 6icfcfo mum debbo ina waawi hay dara miijaade bonnude dewgal mum e oon sifaa; e miñi mum debbo mo resndaaka, baawɗo wallitde hoore mum kono heɓi ndeeɗoo darnde sabu waasde jogaade gorko e sukaaɓe, ko ɗum huunde nde o mettini heen.

Pijirlooji ɗii njoofi ko e Ann wiyde wonde pellital jibinde ɓiɗɗo, wonande debbo, ina wayla huunde fof ; yumma ina foti ardaade e golle. Kono O e O dañii waasde nan’de no tract reactionnaire walla anti-feministe nii. Feere gonnde e nder dillere nde Herfords fotnoo haɓtaade ndee, ina laaɓti, ina ɗacci heɗtiiɓe ɓee nguura miijo. Baawɗe Ann e mawnugol ruuhu mum kolliraama no feewi (o jeyaa ko e rewɓe mawɓe e nder dingiral Amerik c. hitaande 1920 ). Ko ɓuri teeŋtude, Crothers joɗɗinii daartol mum e nder aduna goonga oo, anniyaaji moƴƴi e geɗe tiiɗɗe : potal goongawal ina jokki haa hannde, hay e nder worɓe e rewɓe liberal en, tee ina haani won toppitiiɗo sukaaɓe ɓee. Nafooje yonta mawɗo mo alaa ko waawi haalde (hono baaba Ann) e nafooje Debbo Keso (hono jom suudu balloowo Tom mo alaa ko anniya woppude golle mum so o resii) ina teskaa kadi no feewi. He and She mbaɗaama e nder Broadway e hitaande 1920 haa jaɓaa (hay so wonaa doggol tiiɗngol) e wuurtinde to New York, e nder peewnugol jaɓɓaangol no feewi, e hitaande 1980 e kadi e hitaande 2005. [1]

Crothers golliima e nder ngonka ka, e nder sahaaji, e won e fannuuji, ina ɓuuɓna gawri. E nder duuɓi ko adii wolde adunaare adannde, yeru, Broadway yi’i ko heewi e pijirlooji ko faati e maccungaagu ɓaleeɓe, ñawuuji jokkondirɗi, e cuuɗi njulaagu. Ko ɓuri heewde e winndooɓe ɓee ko worɓe, ko goonga, e keeri-sariya kono titillating Act I brothel walla dingiral abduction ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e ɗeen pijirlooji formulaic. Laawol Crothers e nder deftere men (1913) ina seerti. O fuɗɗii golle e pijirlooji ɗii ko e hitaande 1912 hade makko waɗde, o yilliima Bedford Street Reformatory for Women ngam yeewtidde e won e gollotooɓe e nder kasoo, o suɓii ko ƴettude miijo ngo rewɓe tan ngoni e dow mum. E nder ko daartoowo gooto e tiyaataar inniri "ko ɓuri moƴƴude e pijirlooji maccuɓe ɓaleeɓe fof" e yonta oo, Ourselves ina haala daartol debbo gooto etaade waɗde nguurndam kesam caggal nde o yalti e kasoo kono o fotndi e banngeeji kala e yimɓe yiɗɓe mo ruttaade e laabi makko ɓooyɗi, hoto ngoongɗin wonde ko wayi no "gollen profes- a good a." ko ɓe mbaawaa addude koye maɓɓe ngam golloraade. Hono no George Bernard Shaw, « Profession de Mrs Warren » nii, alaa fof ɗo njulaagu woni e nder pijirlooji ɗii ngam weltinde yimɓe yiyooɓe ; ina woodi miijo laaɓtungo wonde ko njiimaandi worɓe woni caɗeele, wonaa baasal rewɓe walla majjere ; e binnduɗo oo hollitii won e sikkitaare e anniyaaji moƴƴitinooji e nder renndo dewgal e naafigaagal mum. Crothers ina yahra yeeso, hay so tawii noon : jikku gooto (ina laaɓti ina hollita miijo winndiyaŋke oo) ina hollita laaɓndal wonde worɓe ɓee ina poti ñaaweede no feewi e nder renndo ngo no rewɓe tooñooɓe ɓee nii, tawi noon Crothers ina jaɓi wonde njiimaandi rewɓe ɓee, wonaa huunde nde alaa ko nafata e caɗeele ɗe o woni e mum ɗee. Yimɓe fijirde nde'e ɗon hawti, yiitooɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɗon ngulla ngam Crothers winndi geɓe worɓe seɗɗa (ko nayi tan nder cappanɗe ɗiɗi e go'o woni worɓe) nden ɓe ɗon tiitina dow "miijo debbo."