Reforme ɗemngal feministe
Reforme ɗemngal feministe walla peewnugol ɗemngal feministe ko darnde, ko heewi e dille politik e dowlaaji, ngam waylude no ɗemngal huutortee e renndo, golle e miijooji to bannge neɗɗo e renndo. Ngol eɓɓaande ƴettaa ko e leyɗeele ko wayi no Suwed, Siwis e Ostarali .
Tariya
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Linguistic activism e binndol feminism ummoriingol e feminism wave ɗiɗaɓo e kitaale 1960 e 1970 puɗɗii waɗde hakkillaaji e mbaydiiji jinnaaɓe e nder ɗemngal, ina jeyaa heen « udditde sifaa jinnaaɓe e nder kuule e doosɗe ɗemɗe keewɗe ». Feministe en ina tawtoree batuuji, e nder laawol activism, ɓe taƴa ngam hollirde ɓe ngonaa e naatde heen sabu kuutoragol ɗemɗe. Janngirɗe ko wayi no Dennis Baron e Naatgol e Jinnaaɗo e "Androcentrisme dans la Grammaire Prescriptive" nde Anne Bodine peeñninii taariindi doosɗe worɓe ngam ɓamtude ɗemngal worɓe ko wayi no huutoraade " he " hono innde generik. E kitaale 1970, jokkere enɗam e nder ɗemngal wonnoo ko toɓɓere yeewtere e batu hakkunde leyɗeele rewɓe.
Dillere rewɓe e kitaale 1970 addani tiitoonde Ms ɓeydaade huutoreede. Ko adii ɗuum, Miss e Mrs ina kuutoree ngam hollirde ngonka dewgal debbo. Kono tiitoonde Mr ndee firtaani ngonka dewgal, ko ɗum waɗi feministe en njiyii ina haani yiytude helmere nanndunde heen. Huutoraade ɗeen kelme ina jokki haa hannde e haala rewɓe e ɗemɗe seeɗa, ko wayi no Españool.
Feññinde e ƴeewtaade jokkere enɗam e nder ɗemngal rewrude e dille ɗemɗe rewɓe (linguistique) gonɗe e dow leydi (grassroots) jokki e nder kitaale 80 e 90, tawa ina jeyaa heen janngude e nder ɗemɗe e renndooji haalooɓe ko wayi no Almaañ e Farayse. Janngude e winndude ɗemngal jinnaaɓe gila ndeen ina yaaji haa ina tolnoo e 30 ɗemngal.
Siwis
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Leydi Siwis etinooma huutoraade peeje ngam waylude ɗemɗe rewɓe e nder njuɓɓudi laamu e nder njuɓɓudi laamu. Kono waylooji baɗnooɗi e Siwis kollitii wonde ina caɗti sabu Siwis ko leydi ndi ɗemɗe keewɗe (ɗemɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude ɗee ko Almaañ, Farayse, e Itaali). Bulletin Suisse de Linguistique Appliquée (Jaaynde Suisse ko faati e ɗemɗe kuutorteeɗe) yeewtidii e ndeeɗoo haala e hitaande 2000 nde sosi tonngoode teeŋtunde ngam ƴellitde ɗemngal e nder leydi Siwis. Bulletin oo etinooma ñiŋde ɗemngal e nder leydi Siwis e sosde natal kuuɓtodinngal ɗemɗe leydi Siwis ɗee kala e no ɗe njiydirta e jinnaaɓe.
Ɗemngal ɓurngal heewde haaleede e leydi Siwis ko Almaañ. Almaañ ko ɗemngal gonngal e jinnaaɓe. Ɗumɗoo ina sokli won e daraniiɓe ɗemɗe sabu ko heewi e darnde renndoyankoore teeŋtunde ko wayi no ñaawoowo e porfeseer ina njogii jinnaaɓe gorko, ina keewi wiyeede ko kanko. Daraniiɓe ɗum ɓee ina kuli wonde gendeeji ɗiin kelme ina kaɗa rewɓe naatde e ɗeen geɗe. Ndeeɗoo fannu ɗemngal Almaañ ina teskaa e leydi Siwis sabu ko kañum huutortenoo e nder daartol ngam haɗde rewɓe hakke woote e yahrude yeeso.
Farayse
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Inɗe gollorɗe Farayse keewɗe, gila e teeminannde 17ɓiire, ina njogii tan sifaa defaare worɓe. Naane, won jiiɓru nde golle ɗee njogori wonde ko debbo nde tawnoo innde ndee ina jogori jogaade haa jooni ko gorko hay so tawii jogiiɗo darnde ndee ko debbo. Ɗuum noon addani winndooɓe ɓee haajuuji mum en laaɓtinde wonde ko debbo tan ɓe njiylotoo rewrude e nate goɗɗe e nder konngol ngol.[1]
Inglisia
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Won e pelle mbaɗii eɓɓoore ngam wallitde waylude inɗe worɓe ko wayi no hooreejo e kaaloowo, haa e inɗe ɗe ngonaa keertiiɗe e jinnaaɓe ko wayi no hooreejo e kaaloowo. Kono tan, ñiŋooɓe ina naamnoo nafoore ndee feere nde tawnoo ɓe mbiyi wonde inɗe ɗe ngonaa keertiiɗe e jinnaaɓe ɗee kuutortee tan ko e tuugnaade e debbo, tee worɓe ina kuutoree haa jooni e inɗe keertiiɗe worɓe.
Wonande ɓeydude ɗemngal ngal aldaa e jikkuuji, won winndooɓe ina mbiya wonde ɗuum maa waɗtu huutoreede tan e pelle ɗe ngonaa jikkuuji ɗi ngonaa jikkuuji. Ko luutndii ɗum, ɗemngal ngal alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa jokkere enɗam so tawii haalooɓe ɓee ngoppaani waylo ngoo.
Tuugnorgal
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]- ↑ Leue, Elisabeth (2000). "Gender and Language in Germany". Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. 8 (2): 163–176. doi:10.1080/09651560020017206. S2CID 145012780. Fleischman, S. (1997). "The battle of feminism and bon usage: instituting nonsexist usage in French". French Review.