Siyaad barre
Barre, gardinooɗo konu ngenndi Somali, wonti hooreejo leydi Somali caggal kuudetaa 1969, liɓnooɗo leydi Somali caggal warngo hooreejo leydi Somali Abdirashid Shermarke . Junta militeeruuji Diisnondiral Toowngal Rewolison e gardagol Barre, artiri Somali ko dowla kominist marxist-leninist gooto, innitiri leydi ndii Republique Démocratique Somalie, ƴetti sosiyaalisma ganndal . Engele, Somali e Itaali .
Laamu Barre gadano oo, ina maantini e etaade yaajnude mbayliigu, ngenndiyaŋkaagal bankeeji e gollorɗe, ƴellitde gese koperatiif, binndol kesol wonande ɗemngal Somali, e haɓaade leƴƴi . E hitaande 1976, lannda sosiyaalist rewolison Somali wonti lannda mawɗo leydi ndii. Hitaande rewtunde ndee Barre fuɗɗii wolde Ogaden e laamu Derg to Ecoppi, o walliti Fedde Ndimaagu Somali Hirnaange e dow laylaytol ngenndiyaŋkaagal Somali e pan-Somali . Lowre Barre ɓuri heewde ko e lebbi jeeɗiɗi hakkunde suwee 1977 e marse 1978 nde Barre heɓti ko famɗi fof diiwaan Somali oo fof. Nde ustii gila e darorɗe kitaale 1970 caggal nde Somali fooli wolde Ogaden, ɗum jibini murto Somali e taƴde jokkondiral mum e Dental Sowiyet. Ndeen Somali hawritii e leyɗeele hirnaange haa teeŋti noon e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e heddiiɓe e wolde huuɓtodinnde, hay so tawii noon ina jokki e laamu mum marxist-leninist, ina ɓadtii kadi Siin .
Barre ummorii ko e galle lesɗikiniiɗo, luggiɗiiɗo e nder leñol Marehan to Darod. O yi’iino baaba makko ina wara Isaqs kadi miijo ngo meeɗaa woppude mo. Leñol makko ina yaaji e taƴe Somali Angalteer e Itaali, ina waɗi heen seeɗa. O hulii wonde leydi ndii ina waawi fecceede e ɗiɗi, e nder ɗuum, leñol makko, hono no leñol ngol nii, ina waawi uddeede e laamu. O wonti inspekteer polis, caggal ɗuum o yahi Itali ngam janngude duɗal konu. Nde o arti, o ummii e raneeɓe ko yaawi ngam wonde Kumannda.
O rokkaa innde cukaagu makko Barre, firti ko ekstrovert . Barre caggal ɗuum tawtoraama e Zaptié e nder dingiral fuɗnaange nde Itaali heɓti Ecoppi e hitaande 1936. E hitaande 1946, Barre wallitii batu Somali ( Italian ), fedde politik lanndaaji e pelle leƴƴi gonɗi e haɓaade Ligue des Jeunes de Somalie, tawi koɗdiiɗo Itaalinaaɓe nokku oo ina wallitnoo ɗum. Fedde ndee hollitii ɗaɓɓaande feewde e Komisariyaa toppitiiɗo ko fayti e wiɗtooji « Doole nay » ngam newnude njuɓɓudi laamu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam halfineede leydi Itali fotde duuɓi capanɗe tati . Ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko, Mohammed Siad Barre ina jokki e jaŋde toownde e jaŋde toownde, tawi ina yahra yeeso seeɗa-seeɗa e golle makko potɗe waɗeede. Mohammed, nde o woni cukalel, o woni yatim, nde o heɓi duuɓi 10, o janngi duɗal leslesal to wuro wiyeteengo Lugh (Luuq) e nder diiwaan Gedo, anndiraango Diiwaan Jubba Toowɗo. O heɓi grounding no woorunoo e lislaam ko e duɗal qur’aana toon. E hitaande 1941, Mohammed, mo duuɓi mum capanɗe jeegom, naati e polis mo ndeen wonnoo e les njiimaandi militeer en Angalteer, ɓe keɓti ɗum gila e fuɗɗoode wolde adunaare ɗimmere. Golle Mohammed e nder polis addani mo yahde laamorgo leydi ndii, hono Mogadishu, ngam jokkude jaŋde makko e nder sekteeruuji laamu e sekteeruuji keertiiɗi. E kitaale 1940 o joofni jaŋde hakkundeere. E hitaande 1950, nde Angalteer artiri laamu mum to leydi Itali, Mohammed Siad heɓiino darnde ɓurnde toowde nde neɗɗo waawi heɓde e nder leydi ndii, woni mawɗo inspekteer polis.
O waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder laawol ɓe njahi Barre, ko ɓe njahi e nder gasa e jeyaa. Barre o njahi ko ɓe njahi e nder Zaptié e nder laawol ɓe njahi e nder fowru Italian ngoni e Ethiopia e 1936. E 1946, Barre o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder Somali Conference (Italian: Conferenza Somala), ko laawol ɓe njahi e nder jamaaaji e laawol ɓe njahi ko ɓe njahi e nder Somali Youth League, kadi ɓe njahi e nder leydi Italian ngoni. Laawol ɗum o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder petisi ngoni "Four Powers" Investigation Commission e nder laawol ko ɓe njahi e nder hokkuji ngoni United Nations Trust Territory ko ɓe njahi e nder 30 ngoodi e nder Italy.
E nder ɓuri laawol makko, Mohammed Siad Barre o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder fowru e self-taught education kadi o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder laawol makko. Mohammed, ko ɗiɗo e orphan e nder 10 ngoodi, o njahi ko ɓe njahi e nder elementary school e nder gando Lugh (Luuq) e nder Gedo Region, ko ɗum o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder Upper Jubba Region. O waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder Islam e nder qur'anic school ɗum. E 1941, Mohammed, ko ɗiɗo e nder 20 ngoodi, o njahi ko ɓe njahi e nder police force ko o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder laawol British military, ko o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder laawol ngoni World War II. Laawol Mohammed e nder police force o njahi ko ɓe njahi e nder gando capital, Mogadishu, kadi o njahi ko ɓe njahi e nder fowru makko e nder public kadi private sectors. E nder 1940s o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder secondary school education. E 1950, nde British o waɗi ko ɓe njahi e nder hokkuji ngoni Italy, Mohammed Siad o waɗi ko ɓe njahi ko ɓuri rank ngoni indigenous, ko chief police inspector. Message Ñalnde 15 oktoobar 1969, hooreejo leydi Somali, hono Abdirashid Shermake, waraa to Las Anod, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 18, tawi ina yahra e nokku ɗo yooro yani e worgo leydi Somali. Oon sahaa, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Egal ina yahra e njillu to Amerik, ina woni to Las Vegas nde warngo ngoo yettinaa mo. Nde o huli hoto o dañde jappeere makko, o arti Somali ngam suɓaade lomto keso. Terɗe parlemaa keewɗe ina wasiyoo yo kanndidaa jeyaaɗo e leñol gootol e hooreejo leydi ndii, ronku posto ngoo. Ina sikkaa yo Haji Muse Bogor, jom ngalu Mogadishu, banndiiko ɓadiiɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, suɓee, laabi ɗi luulndii doosgal leydi kesiri ndii. Terɗe goɗɗe ɗee njeeyti tan ko woote mum en e ɓurɗo toowde. Ndeen noon, hare bidsee fuɗɗiima ɗo kanndidaaji njulaagu ina bidsee coggu hooreejo leydi. Haawnaaki tawa ko Haji Muse Bogor ardii fedde ndee e njoɓdi 55 000 mbuuɗu Somali (hedde 4 000 £). E gite renndo ngoo, balɗe garooje caggal warngo hooreejo leydi ndii kollitii jiiɓru mawndu. Won haalaaji mbiyata ko militeer en ina naata heen ngam dartinde ndeeɗoo ŋakkeende nanndunde. Ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ina ɗaminii yiyde ɗeen jeewte ina mbaɗa batte, sibu ballal ɓe njoginoo e laamu venal ina ustoo e waktu. E waktuuji 21 oktoobar 1969, nde terɗe parlemaa pelliti haa laaɓi cer, rokkude hooreejo leydi ndii hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Haji Muse Bogor, konuuli ballitooji otooji ndartinaaɗi e nder gure mawɗe Somali ngam heɓtude nokkuuji teeŋtuɗi. Ko adii nde fajiri fuɗɗotoo, terɗe parlemaa ɗee kala, politikaaji keewɗi jokkondirɗi e mawɓe leƴƴi walla nafooje caggal leydi, polis nanngi ɗum en, tawi ko Seneraal Jama Ali Korshel, ardii ɗum en, ina mballita e ƴettugol laamu nguu, ina mbaɗa heen darnde leslesre e nder kuudetaa oo. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">ciimtol ina haani</span> ]
E lewru mee 1986, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Barre, dañii gaañanɗe mawɗe e nder werlaa bonɗo, sara Mogadishu, nde werlaa jahroowo e duuɓi 18 yani e caggal oto, e nder toɓo mawngo. O safraama to opitaal to leydi Sawuud ngam rafi hoore, ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ɓuuɓri e nder dumunna lewru. Lietnaa-Seneraal Mohammad Ali Samatar, cukko hooreejo leydi ndii e oon sahaa, woni caggal ɗuum hooreejo leydi de facto e nder lebbi keewɗi garooji ɗii. Hay so tawii Barre dañii sellude haa heewi, haa o holliri wonde ko kanko tan woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi e nder duuɓi jeeɗiɗi ñalnde 23 desaambar 1986, cellal makko ŋakkungal e duuɓi makko mawɗi, addani mo miijaade hol lomtotooɗo mo e laamu. Ina waawi tawa ko ƴaañoowo makko, hono Seneraal Ahmed Suleiman Abdille, gonnooɗo e oon sahaa jaagorgal nder leydi, ko jiidaa e cukko hooreejo leydi Barre, hono Lietnaa Seneraal Samatar. [1] [2]
E September 1970, government o njahi ko ɓe njahi e nder National Security Law No. 54, ko ɗum o waɗi ko ɓe njahi NSS ngam jokkude e nder ɓe njahi e nder jeyaa kadi ɓe njahi e nder ɓe njahi e nder laawol, ɓe njahi ko ɓe njahi e nder trial. O waɗi ko ɓe njahi NSS ngam jokkude e nder ɓe njahi e nder laawol ko ɓe njahi e nder warrant, kadi ko ɓe njahi e nder ɓe njahi e nder laawol "national security". Article 1 e nder laawol o njahi ko ɓe njahi "hakkunde e nder independence, unity walla security e nder State", kadi hukuncu ndiyam o waɗi ko ɓe njahi ngam kadi ko ɓe njahi e nder waɗi ɗum.
Gila e darorɗe kitaale 1970, haa jooni Barre ina jokkondiri e ustaare yimɓe e ɓeydagol muñal nder leydi. E nder jaabawol, fedde Barre ɓurnde mawnude, hono Berets boɗeeji ( Duub Cas ), e fedde paramilitaire wiyeteende Pioneers de Victoire, mbaɗii kulhuli njuɓɓudi e leƴƴi Majeerteen, Hawiye, e Isaaq . Red Berets ina njuɓɓina ɓulli ndiyam ngam haɗde ndiyam e leƴƴi Majeerteen e Isaaq e jawdi mum en. Ko ɓuri 2 000 tergal e leñol Majeerteen maayi e ŋoŋɗi, ko ina tolnoo e 50 000 haa 200 000 Ishaq mbaraa e laamu nguu. Terɗe Victory Pioneers kadi njuppii e rewɓe Majeerteen e Isaaq heewɓe, ko ina ɓura 500 000 terɗe Isaaq ndogi Ecoppi.
E cakkital kitaale 1980, dille luulndiiɗe ɓurɗe heewde ballitooje laamu Derg kominist Ecoppi ummii e nder leydi ndii kala. Barre jaabtii ɗum e yamirde peeje kuuɓtodinɗe ngam haɓaade ɓeen ɓe o miijii ina mballita e nokkuuji ɗii, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji worgo ɗii. Ko ƴaañgol ngol waɗi ko bommbooji gure, tawi ko nokku njuɓɓudi Hargeisa to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, nokku ɗo Diɗɗal Ngenndiwal Somali (SNM) woni ɗoo, ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɗi njiylotonoo e hitaande 1988. Ardii bommbo oo ko seneraal Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan, jom suudu Barre, waɗi maayɓe 50 000 neɗɗo to bannge worgo.