Taif

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aif (aarabeeɓe: اَلطَّائِفُ, e ɗemngal romaan: Aṭ-Ṭāʾif, lit. 'Ko cirƴaa walla taarotoo', Hejazi e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe: [atˤˈ tˤaː(j)ɪf]) ko wuro e laamu e nder diiwaan Makka e nder leydi Arabi Sawdit. E nder tooweeki 1 879 m (6 165 ft) e nder ŋoral koɗli Hijaz, ɗiin e koye mum en njeyaa ko e koɗli Sarat, wuro ngo ina waɗi 563 282 neɗɗo e hitaande 2022, ɗum noon ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e nder laamu nguu.

Ina woodi miijo wonde Taif ina haalee e nder Quraan 43:31. Wuro ngo ko annabi lislaam Muhammadu yillinoo, won e sahaaji e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 7ɓiire, ko leñol Banu Thaqif hoɗnoo heen. Ina sikkaa ɓe njiɗaa miijo makko naatde e wuro ngo. Haa hannde ko iwdi maɓɓe hoɗi. Ko e nder Hejaz, wuro ngo yi’ii mbayliigu laamu keewngu e nder daartol mum, tawi ko cakkitiiɗo oo woni ko e sahaa nde Sawuud heɓti Hejaz e hitaande 1925.

Wuro ngo inniraa ko laamorgo leydi Arabi Sawdit ngo aldaa e laamu, ngo wiyetee kadi ko nokku ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder leydi Sawuud nde tawnoo ngo ina weltii e dumunna ɓuuɓɗo, ko wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e duunde Arabi Sawdit. Wuro ngoo ina jogii njiimaandi mum e nder turismaaɓe sabu nokkuuji mum keewɗi e nder koɗli mum e weeyo mum ɓuuɓngo, hay e nder ndunngu ɓuuɓngu leydi Aarabeeɓe. Wuro ngo ina jokkondiri e wuro Al-Hada ngo saraaji mum, rewrude e laawol mawngol 15 (Laawol Taif – Al-Hada). Nde seerti e heddiiɓe e diiwaan Hijazi nde tawnoo ko wuro jogiingo darnde tiiɗnde e nder ndema leydi Sawuud, ko ngo nokku ndema ganndiraaɗo ndema inabooje, pompiyee, fijirde, roose e njumri. Taif kadi ina golloo no feewi e peewnugol attaaruuji gaadanteeji, ina anndaa e nokku hee ko "Wuro Rooseeji" (e ɗemngal aarabeeɓe: مَدِيْنَة ٱلْوُرُوْد, e ɗemngal romaan: Madīnat al-Wurūd). Taif ina jaɓɓoo kadi Souq 'Okaz daartol.

Guwerneer Taif ina feccii e kominaaji 15 tokoosi, Taif woni laamorgo mum. Njuɓɓudi wuro ngoo e hoore mum ko municipaalitee joy, ina wiyee Taif worgo, Taif hirnaange, Taif fuɗnaange, Taif fuɗnaange e Taif keso. Taif ina huutoree e laana ndiwoowa hakkunde leyɗeele Taif, e laana ndiwoowa hakkunde leyɗeele ɓurka mawnude ina jogori udditeede e hitaande 2030.

Inde

Ko heewi e gure keewɗe e nder diiwaan Hejazi, wuro Ta'if ina joginoo innde ɓooynde: Wajj (وَجّ). Ko ɗum kadi woni innde Falnde Wajj, falnde maantiniinde e nder daartol Aarabeeɓe e Lislaam.

Etimoloji innde wuro ngoo hannde, Taʾif (aarabeeɓe: اَلطَّائِفُ), ummorii ko e ɗaɗol aarabeeɓe ط و ف, ngol waawi firtude ko « ƴaañoowo », « ƴaañoowo », walla « ƴaañoowo » ; ko sakkitii koo woni tuugnorgal helmere Ṭawāf (طَوَاف), nde firtata ko « cirkulaasiyoŋ » walla « cirkulaasiyoŋ », nde huutortee ko e cirkulaasiyoŋ Kaaba.

Taʾif hokkaama ndee innde ngam mahol ngol leñol Banu Thaqif mahi ngol taarotoo wuro ngo. E raɓɓiɗinaade, wuro Taʾif firti ko wuro cirkondirngo walla taarotoongo

Tariya

E teeminannde 6ɓiire caggal jibineede Iisaa, wuro Ta’if ina joginoo leñol Thaqif, ngol ina hoɗi haa hannde e nder wuro Ta’if e saraaji mum. Ina sikkaa wonde leƴƴi yahuud en ɗi Kerecee'en Ecoppi njippini e hareeji Laamu Himyarite en, koɗi saraaji Ta'if. Wuro ngo koɗorɗe ngonnoo ko nokku diine sabu ko ɗoon woni sanamuuji laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Lāt, mo nganndu-ɗaa e oon sahaa ko "laamɗo Ta'if". Kiliimaaji mayri ina maantiniri wuro ngoo e hoɗdiiɓe mum joorɓe e ɓuuɓɓe ɓurɓe ɓadaade maayo geec. Alkamaari, vine e gese ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe ina ndema e saraaji Ta'if, ko noon wuro ngoo heɓiri innde mum "Jardin Hijaz." Ta'if e Makka fof ko nokkuuji hijjoore. Ta'if ɓuri welde e Makka e hoore mum, yimɓe maɓɓe Ta'if ina njoginoo jokkondiral njulaagu tiiɗngal. Yimɓe Ta'if ina njokki ndema e ndema leɗɗe ko jiidaa e golle njulaagu mum en.

E fuɗɗoode teeminannde 7ɓiire caggal Iisaa, Muhammadu jibinaaɗo to Makka, waajii lislaam e hoɗɓe e Makka e Hijaz, o hawri e caɗeele keewɗe e yimɓe toon. E hitaande 630, wolde waɗi to Hunayn, sara wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, siige Ta’if ɗe ndartaaki mbaɗi. Wuro ngoo yani ko e katapultuuji ummoriiɗi Banu Daus, kono ngo riiwti njanguuji ɗii. Hare Tabuk nder hitaande 631 acci Tā'if ɗon woɗɗitoo haa laaɓi, ngam maajum terɗe Thaqīf ngari haa Makka ngam yewtidugo dow waylugo wuro ngo'o diina Islaama. Sanam Lāt halkaama bee maandeeji goɗɗi fuu dow ko laarani pagan'en wuro man.

Ndeen wuro ngo rewi ko e mbayliigu doole keewngu, kono ko ɓuri heewde e golle nder ɗeen hareeji mbaɗi ko hakkunde Makka e Madiina, Ta’if ustii nafoore mum e ko seerti e gure ɗiɗi ceniɗe ɗee.

E les laamu Otomaan en

Ñalnde 17 sulyee 1517, Sharif Makka kapitaali e juuɗe Sultan Ottomaan biyeteeɗo Selim I. Ko ɗum maande, o rokki ɗum coktirgal gure lislaam Makka e Madiina. E nder Hijaz, Ta'if kadi rokkaama juuɗe Ottomaan en, wuro ngo heddii e juuɗe Ottomaan en fotde teeminanɗe tati goɗɗe, haa e hitaande 1802, nde murtuɓe wonɓe e galle Sawuud ƴetti ngo. Ndeen doole ɗee njahri ko e ƴettude Makka e Madiina. Losko ngoo ina tiiɗi no feewi e Laamu Ottomaan, ngu yiyri hoore mum ko reenoowo gure ceniije ɗee. Sultan Ottomaan, Mahmuud II, noddi Wali Misra, Muhammadu Ali, o ummini hare dow Hijaz, o heɓti Ta'if e hitaande 1813.

E hitaande 1813, yahoowo Suisse, ganndo fuɗnaange biyeteeɗo Johann Ludwig Burckhardt yilliima Ta’if, o acci heen seedantaagal gite makko e wuro ngoo caggal nde Muhammadu Ali heɓti ngo, o dañi yeewtereeji keewɗi e mum nde o woni toon ndee. Burckhardt hollitii wonde ko Osmaan el-Medhayfe mahi mahol e ŋoral sara wuro ngoo. Dammuɗe tati e cuuɗi keewɗi ina ngoodi e dow mahol wuro ngoo, kono ɗi ngalaa semmbe, won nokkuuji ɗi 45 cm (18 in) tan njaajeendi mum en. Burckhardt hollitii wonde ko Sharif Gaalib ibn Musa’id mahi galle laamorɗo oo. O teskiima halkaare wuro ngoo sabu jiimgol hitaande 1802. Ko ɓuri heewde e mahaaɗe ɗee ina ngondi e caɗeele haa jooni nde o woni toon ndee, kadi yanaande Abdullaah ibn Abbas – ɓiy-yumma Muhammadu, mawniiko Abbasid en – ina bonni no feewi. O winndi kadi wonde haa jooni ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe wuro ngoo ko Thaqīfi en. To bannge njulaagu, wuro ngoo wonnoo ko entrepôt kafe.

Leydi ummoraade fuɗnaange Ta'if

Laamɗo e kaɓirɗe konu to Ta'if, Ottomaan en peewni ɗum en e hitaande 1843, hükûmet konağı – galle mawɗo ngam gollal laamu – mahii e hitaande 1869, posto sosaa won e sahaaji caggal ɗuum.

Muurtere aarabeeɓe

Ko adii murto aarabeeɓe, Ahmed Bey waɗtaama hooreejo konu Ottomaan en to Tā'if. Omo joginoo e les makko konu 3 000 soldaat e 10 piye artileriiji koɗki. Ghalib Pasha, guwerneer Hijaz kadi ina tawtoree wuro ngo. E hitaande 1916, Hashemite en puɗɗii murto mum en e laamu Ottomaan en to Makka e lewru suwee. Ndeen wuro yaniino ndeen e lewru juko, Abdullaah, ɓiy mawɗo hooreejo Hashemite e Sharif Makka, Husayn ibn Ali, ari e worɓe capanɗe jeeɗiɗi to Tā’if.

So tawii golle makko e nder nokku hee ina ummini tuumeede Ahmed Bey, Ghalib Pasha ina wondi e doole tokoose nii. Abdullaah e nder sirlu mahii konu mum haa 5 000 neɗɗo. O taƴi ndeen ɓoggi telegaraam haa wuro ngoo, o ƴetti hare ndee. Denndaangal njanguuji Hashemite en e wuro ngoo, ko balɗe koɗli ɗii ndartini ɗum en, banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof njooɗii e njiimaandi ndi alaa ko weeɓi. Kono tan, balɗe Hashemite en ina ngaddaa seeɗa seeɗa haa Tā’if, ndeen wuro ngoo ina juuti seeɗa ; hade makko sakkitde ñalnde 22 suwee. Wuro ngoo noon caggal ɗuum wonti jeyaaɗo e Laamu Hashemite biyeteeɗo Hejaz.

Haɓre Sawuud e daartol jamaanu

Ta'if heddaaki e juuɗe Hashemite ko juuti no feewi. Ɓooytaani, luural hakkunde laamɗo Hijaz, hono Husayn ibn Ali e Abdulaziz al-Sawuud, laamɗo Nejd e Hasa, fuɗɗii fitinaaji. Hay so tawii hareeji ɗii ustii e hitaande 1919, e lewru suwee 1924, milisaaji Ikhwan, ɗi Sawuud wallitnoo e oon sahaa, e gardagol Sultan bin Bajad e Khaled bin Luwai’, ina ngondi e caɗeele ngam haɓtaade Ta’if. Wuro ngo fotnoo ko reende ɓiy laamɗo oo, hono Ali, kono o dogi e kulol e konu makko. Teemedde tati worɓe Ali mbaraama e juuɗe Ikhwan en e ko anndiraa warngo Ta'if. E hitaande 1926, Abdulaasiis al-Sawuud jaɓaa e dow laabi laamu wonde laamɗo keso Hijaz. Ta'if woni e nder Laamu Hijaz haa Abdulaziz al-Saud hawriti laamuuji mum ɗiɗi ɗii, o renndini ɗi e nder Laamu Sawuud e hitaande 1932. E hitaande 1934 nanondiral siynaa ɗoo, ngal tabitini keeri hakkunde Yemen e laamu nguu.[28] Laamɗo oo e hoore mum, caggal ɗuum o maayi e nder wuro hee ñalnde 9 noowammbar 1953, hono no laamɗo Khalid nii ñalnde 13 suwee 1982

Ta'if ina wonnoo haa jooni ko ɓuri seeɗa e wuro medieval nde Sawuud en ƴetti laamu mum. Kono caggal ɗuum ɓe puɗɗii eɓɓaande ngam moƴƴinde wuro ngoo. Generator kuuraa laamu gadano leydi Sawuud sosaa ko to Ta'if e darorɗe kitaale 1940. To bannge mahngo laabi feewde wuro ngo woɗɗaani, e hitaande 1965 laamɗo Faisal e oon sahaa udditi laawol mawngol tufnde hakkunde Makka e Ta’if, ngol 87 km, ngol jeyaa hannde e laawol mawngol 15, ngol anndiraa laawol Taif – Al-Hada. E hitaande 1974, laawol mawngol Ta'if-Abha–Jizan ngol ko ina tolnoo e 650 kiloomeeteer, yamiraama e nder laawol mawngol 15. E wolde Golf 1991, Ta'if wonnoo ko wuro jamaanu to bannge jokkondiral, haa ngo suɓaa ngam wonde nokku ɗo Rendon Group huutortoo teleeji e rajooji duraqit ngam jokkondiral e Kuiwa kugal.

Geography

Sadd taariindi (سَدّ, baraas) to Ta'if

Guwerneer Ta'if oo fof woni ko e dow falnde toownde, taarotooɗe koɗli Hejaz (feccere e koɗli Sarat) to bannge worgo e fuɗnaange. Wuro ngo woni ko e tooweeki 1 879 m (6 165 ft) dow tolno maayo. So en ƴeewtindiima, koɗli taariiɗi ɗi ceertuɗi e Ta’if e gure ɓadiiɗe ko wayi no Al-Hada e Ash-Shafa, ina tolnoo e tooweeki kala ko ina tolnoo e 2 000 haa 3 500 m (6 600 haa 11 500 ft). Ta'if ina anndaa ina joginoo wadiiji keewɗi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ko adii ɗuum, ina hollita wonde ina woodi baraasuuji e saraaji keewɗi e ɗiin. Toɓɓere ɓurnde toowde e Taif, Jebel Daka, ko hay toɓɓere joyaɓere ɓurnde toowde e nder leydi Sawuud.

Wakati

Ta'if ina jogii weeyo jeereende ngulngo (Classification climatique Köppen BWh), e ndunngu ngulngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu. Ko ɓuri coofde e Ta'if e nder ndunngu, ɓuri nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi Sawuud, haa teeŋti noon so en ƴeewtindiima Riyaad. Toɓo ina famɗi, kono lebbi ɗii fof ina njiya heen toɓooli, toɓooli ɗii ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e darorɗe ndunngu, ɓuri lebbi goɗɗi ɗii.

Maandeeji tago

Jabal Dakka sara As-Shafa

Al-Rudaf Park ko nokku mawɗo tawaaɗo e nder Ta'if fuɗnaange, ɗo leɗɗe ndarii hakkunde kaaƴe granit ɓuuɓɗe. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi zoo tokooso. Yanti heen, park oo ina jogii maayo mawngo ngo ɓulli e kanndaaji.[36] Toowgol rooseeji Ta'if ko nokku keewɗo rooseeji tokoosi pinndi uurɗi ɗi ɓuuɓnaaka e nebam rooseeji Ta'if caɗtuɗi.[37] Ɗum ɓuri teeŋtude ko e roose Damas lolluɗo, mo 30 petal (Rosa damascena trigintipetala), mo uurngol mum siforii ko uurngol tiiɗngol, ɓuuɓngol, ɓuuɓngol, ngol diƴƴe keewɗe kuutortoo, ko wayi no Ormonde Jayne, Chanel, Guerlain e Hermène.

Park Nuqbat al-Hamra' sara Al-Hada ko nokku mawɗo mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa 2 100 meeter (6 900 meeteer) dow koye maayo. Ash-Shafā ko wuro tokooso, toowngo e nder koye, toowngo 2 200 haa 2 500 meeteer (7 200 haa 8 200 meeteer) dow geec, keewɗo geɗe ndema. Jardiiji ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe Ta'if ina tawee ɗoo. Gelooɗi ina ngoodi, Jabal Dakka ina yiyee wuro ngoo. Parc ngenndiijo Saiysad woni ko e Ta'if keso.

Faggudu e ɓamtaare

Ndee feccere ina foti hesɗitineede. Tiiɗno, wallu hesɗitinde ndee winndannde ngam hollirde kewuuji cakkitiiɗi walla kabaruuji kesi keɓaaɗi. (Lewru Siilo 2020)

Rosa × damasena (R. damasena trigintipetala) puɗol to Ta'if

To bannge daartol, faggudu Ta’if fawii ko e ndema e ndema rooseeji, ɗi njeeyaa e nder Asii hakkundeejo e Transoxiana fof. Faggudu Ta'if hannde nduu ɓuri fawaade ko e ndema e uuraaje, kono eɓɓaande ɓeydugol keewal ina jokki ngam haɓaade fawaade e wuro ngoo no feewi e ɗeen gollorɗe ɗiɗi. Nebam roose distillee ummoraade e leɗɗe Rosa × damascena ina huutoree e aadaaji ngam waɗde attar e nder Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, ko ɓuri heewde ko e uurngol worɓe, tee, sabu ndema mum to Ta'if, nde dañii innde "roose Ta'if", nde e hitaande 2024 naati e doggol wakilaaji UNESCO to Huntangital Huntangital.

Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 2017, laamɗo Salmaan mo leydi Sawuud udditi eɓɓaande "New Ta'if", eɓɓaande 3,9 miliyaar dolaar ina jeyaa heen sosde laana ndiwoowa kesa, hakkunde leyɗeele e nder wuro hee, inniraaka laana ndiwoowa hakkunde leyɗeele Ta'if, peewnugol e moƴƴitingol Souk 'Okaz daartol, ina ɗaminaa sosde Okaz Antonov peewnugol e mooftugol diwooje, aeroport industriyel mo laawol diwgol ngol 3,5 km, ngesa naange ina jogii 25 000 meeteer kaaree (270 000 m2) ina ɗaminaa maa waɗ 30 MW kuuraa, Residential Suburb ina ɗaminaa to0 Wuro Industrial, wuro gollordu 11 kiloomeeteer kaaree (4,2 miil kaaree) e nokkuuji gollorɗi teeŋtuɗi, hakkundeeji e ɓuuɓɗi wondude e nokku janngirde golle, e wuro Jaaɓihaaɗtirde, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde 16 kiloomeeteer kaaree (6,2 miil kaaree) ina ɗaminaa mahde e nder Saiys National Park.