Tenpō famine
| Yemre | four great famines in the Edo period |
|---|---|
| Lesdi | Japan |
| Location | Japan |
| Point in time | 1830s |
| Start time | 1833 |
| End time | 1837 |
| Time period | Tenpō |
Heeg Tenpō no kikin), anndiraande kadi heege Tenpō mawnde ko heege nde toɗɗii Japon e jamaanu Edo. Ina sikkaa ko ɗum duumii gila 1833 haa 1837, [a] nde inniraa ko jamaanu Tenpō (1830–1844), e laamu laamɗo Ninkō. Maayɓe ɓee ina limtee hakkunde 200 000 e 300 000 neɗɗo. Shōgun laamiiɗo e sahaa heege ko Tokugawa Ienari.
Sabaabuuji
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Heege ndee ɓuri tiiɗde ko to worgo Honshū, ko ilam e nguleeki saabi ɗum. Ladde ndee heɓi toɓooli mawɗi, ɗi njippini gese e nguleeki ki alaa ɗo haaɗi. E nder eɓɓoore ngam dartinde batte heege, domen worgo Hirosaki haɗi denndaangal njeeyguuji maaro tuggi 1833 haa 1838 - ɗum fof e wayde noon, yimɓe wuro ngoo ustiima fotde 80 000 neɗɗo, ko ɓuri feccere e maɓɓe ko yimɓe dognooɓe e domen oo e hoore mum.
Heege ndee ɓeydii luggiɗde ko e ɓuuɓri mborosaaji e ɓuuɓri ñawuuji. Hay so tawii heege Tenpō ina jeyaa e heege mawɗe nay ɗe jamaanu Tokugawa, ganndo demokaraasi Japonnaajo biyeteeɗo Akira Hayami hollitii wonde maayɗeele e ustaare yimɓe gila e duuɓi heege ɗee, ko goonga ko ñawu nguu fuɗɗii, wonaa heege e hoore mumBatte renndo
Heege Tenpō ɓeydii limngal ñaawooɓe e nder fuɗnaange Japon fof, ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko ɓe ɓurɓe waasde sariya e ɓe ngalaa ɗo tuugii, ɓuri ñaawooɓe yiyaaɓe e heege Tenmei e kitaale 1780. E hitaande 1837, mawɓe wuro Ōno kollitii ɓeydagol mawngol gujjugol, bonnugol kisal yimɓe, ƴaañgol jawdi, e uddugol. Mawɗo wuro gooto eɓɓoore riiwtude dental ƴaañooɓe ɓee fof kono guwerneer wuro ngoo salii ɗum, sibu ina sikka wonde ɗum ina waawi ɓeydude ƴaañooɓe ɓee waasde sariya. Tagɗe ñaawooɓe, ɗe ngonnoo ko huunde woowaande e ƴellitgol ñaawooɓe e jamaanu Tokugawa, kuutoraa ko e Ōno e sahaa heege Tenpō. E hitaande 1838, Domen Echizen fuɗɗii feere rokkude yamiroore ɗaɓɓude, e mbaadi hip tags (腰札, koshifuda), e ɗaɓɓooɓe gonɓe heen ɓee e haɗde naatde e ɗaɓɓooɓe kesi ummoriiɓe e domenaaji goɗɗi.
Altaji
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Hakkunde 1834 e 1840, ko diiwanuuji 8 tan e nder capanɗe jeegom e jeetati Japon kollitii ɓeydagol yimɓe ; 27 diiwaan hollitii ustaare yimɓe fotde 5% e ko ɓuri ɗum. Heege ndee ko e musibbaaji keewɗi, ɗi yerɓi hoolaare ɓesngu nguu e bakufu laamɗo oo. E nder yonta gooto e heege ndee, wonnoo kadi ko yiite Kōgo to Edo (1834) e yerɓo leydi 7,6 to diiwaan Sanriku (1835). E hitaande sakkitiinde heege ndee, Ōshio Heihachirō ardii murto to Osaka ngam haɓaade ardiiɓe njulaagu, ɓe caliima wallude ñamminde hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo miskineeɓe. Muurtere woɗnde ummii e Domen Chōshū. Kadi e hitaande 1837, laana njulaagu Amerik biyeteeɗo Morrison feeñii e daande maayo Shikoku, ka artileriiji daande maayo ndiiwi ɗum. Ɗeen geɗe mbaɗti bakufu Tokugawa nanndude e jom en doole en, ɓe ngalaa doole, ɓe peeñninii fenaande ardiiɓe laamu nguu, tawi ko yimɓe heewɓe ina tampina ɗum en.E feccere hirnaange Japon, heege ndee joofi ko e hitaande 1836, heege ndee jokki haa hitaande 1837 to fuɗnaange.
Peewnugol Tenpō
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Winndannde mawnde: Reformeeji Tenpō iReformeeji Tenpō e nder leydi ndii fof ko politikaaji faggudu keewɗi naatnaaɗi caggal nde heege ndee joofi e hitaande 1841. Kono tan, domenaaji e nder Japon fof puɗɗiima sosde peeje mum en e nder duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii. Domen Mito, e gardagol Tokugawa Nariaki, waɗii peeje nay mawɗe : wiɗto leydi kuuɓtodinngo, artirde samuraaji e gure teeru, joofgol daimyo domen oo to Edo, e sosde duɗal.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedcambridge - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedland_lordship - ↑ Kato, Hirokazu; Yamada, Tsutomu (2016). "Controlling factors in stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition and the paleoprecipitation record for the last 1,100 years in Northeast Japan". Geochemical Journal. 50 (2): e4. Bibcode:2016GeocJ..50E...1K. doi:10.2343/geochemj.2.0417. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
- ↑ Bolitho, Harold (1989). "Chapter 2: The Tempō Crisis". In Jansen, Marius (ed.). The Nineteenth Century: Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. p. 118. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521223560. ISBN 0-521-22356-3.
- ↑ Dyson, Tim; Ó Gráda, Cormac (2002). Famine Demography: Perspectives from the Past and Present (in Engeleere). Oxford University Press. pp. 219–225. ISBN 978-0-19-925191-9.
- ↑ Thornton, Michael Alan (2022-01-28). Mito and the Politics of Reform in Early Modern Japan (in Engeleere). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 137–139. ISBN 978-1-7936-4190-8.