Tomboy
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Tomboy ko suka debbo walla debbo tokooso holliroowo jikkuuji e sifaaji keewɗi jokkondirɗi e sukaaɓe worɓe walla worɓe e nder pinal dottaangal, ko wayi no ɓoornaade comci androgyne walla ɗi ngonaa rewɓe e waɗde golle ɗe aadaaji njiyrata ko worɓe.[1]
Iwdiiji
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Tomboy, nate 1873 ɗe John George Brown waɗi
Konngol "tomboy" ko konngol gonngol e "tom" e "boy". Hay so tawii hannde ndee helmere ina huutoree ngam wiyde "sukaaɓe rewɓe nannduɓe e sukaaɓe", etimoloji ina hollita wonde maanaa tomboy wayliima no feewi e nder yontaaji.[2]
E hitaande 1533, e wiyde saggitorde Oxford e ɗemngal Engele, « tomboy » ina huutoree ngam firtude « suka gorko jom njurum, jom njurum walla jom yeeso ». Kono e kitaale 1570, "tomboy" ƴettii maanaa "debbo cuusɗo walla mo alaa neɗɗaagal", haa jooni, e nder kitaale 1590 e puɗal 1600, helmere ndee wayliima wonti maanaa mum hannde oo: "bojel jiɗɗo no suka gorko jom ruuhu walla boil][3]
Tariya
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]To leydi Amerik
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Teeminannde 19ɓiire
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Ko adii caka teeminannde 19ɓiire, rewɓe ina nanndi e ŋakkeende miijooji, ŋakkeende ɓanndu, ŋakkeende muñal, e ŋakkeende ɗooftaare nder galle, ko ɓuri anndeede e "Cult of True Womanhood". E nder doole ngalɗoo miijo rewɓe, rewɓe mbaɗataa dingiral tiiɗngal walla kala golle ɓalliije. Ndeeɗoo feere heddii ko e darnde mum haa e cakkital teeminannde sappo e jeenay. E nder yontaaji « Long Depression » e darorɗe kitaale 1800, ɓeydagol ŋakkeende faggudu Amerik waɗii rewɓe ɓuuɓɓe nattii yiɗeede. Sukaaɓe rewɓe naatii e golle ngam wallitde ɓesnguuji mum en e janngude karallaagal gollal, ko noon kadi ɓalli ɓurɗi tiiɗde ina njiɗaa ngam wallitde ɗaɓɓaande ɓalliwal golle. Ɗuum addani waylo-waylo weeyo ngo yimɓe ɗaminii e sukaaɓe rewɓe gila e ŋarɗugol ɓuuɓngol, fawaade e cellal tiiɗngal, ɗum noon ko lelnude golle tomboyism.[4]
E nder deftere Charlotte Perkins Gilman winndi e hitaande 1898, Rewɓe e Faggudu, winndiyanke oo ina yetta nafoore cellal won'de tomboy, wonde sukaaɓe rewɓe ina poti "wonaa rewɓe haa nde waktu mum yonti".[5] Joseph Lee, daraniiɗo pijirlooji, winndi e hitaande 1915 wonde "fase tomboy" ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e ƴellitaare ɓanndu sukaaɓe rewɓe hakkunde duuɓi 8 e 13.[6] E wondude e jibinannde feminism wave adannde e faggudu Amerik ɓuuɓndu, tomboyism e nder sukaaɓe rewɓe feeñii sabu jibnaaɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe ɓee njaɓii walla hay daranaade nehdi tomboy sabu faggudu bonndu e ngonka politik Amerik ɓuuɓka.[7]
E darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Misaaji subaka Alet e nder kampaañ 69 N.Y.S.M. Foto ina hollita Baaba Thomas H. Mooney, Kapiteen 69ɓo konu militeeruuji diiwaan New York e soldateeɓe Ameriknaaɓe Irlanndanaaɓe e nder juulde katolik en to Fort Cocoran, Arlington Heights, Virginie ñalnde 1 lewru nduu hitaande 1861.
Konu nguu ƴetti worɓe ngam wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Amerik, acci rewɓe ɓee ngam toppitaade « golle worɓe heddiiɗe ».
E nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Amerik, renndo Amerik ina anndi no feewi nafoore rewɓe celluɓe. Nde hareeji hakkunde Fuɗnaange e Fuɗnaange puɗɗii, ujunnaaje ujunnaaje worɓe ndogi, sukaaɓe rewɓe e rewɓe tokosɓe heewɓe ndartinaama ngam waɗde golle ɗe aadaaji njiylotonoo e nder laamu worɓe. Rewɓe ɓe njaɓaaka jogaade konte banke keertiiɗe, jooni ina ɗaminaa maa toppito kaalis oo. Rewɓe Ameriknaaɓe, yummiraaɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe tokosɓe ɓe meeɗnoo tuugnaade e worɓe e nder galle ngam kisal, hannde ina njogii fartaŋŋe reende galleeji mum en e gaño. Ko ɗum waɗi yummiraaɓe ɓee mbaɗti hakkillaaji mum en e moƴƴinde doosɗe ɓalli ɓiɓɓe mum en rewɓe tawa ina toppitii koye mum en. Rewɓe heewɓe abonnaaɓe e Cult of True Womanhood ko adii wolde Siwil, tawi ina mbaɗa golle worɓe e nder maggal. Rewɓe hokkeede golle worɓe e yonta wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ina hirjina tomboyism.[8]
Teeminannde 20ɓiire : mbaydi feminism ɗiɗmiri
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Koolol suɓol rewɓe e nder wuro New York, hitaande 1912
So tawii feminism wave gadano oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e suɓngooji rewɓe, feminism wave ɗiɗaɓo oo yaajtinii yeewtere ko fayti e ŋakkeende potal rewɓe e worɓe e nder fannuuji ko wayi no jokkondiral, dinamiik galleeji, nokkuuji golle, e sariyaaji jowitiiɗi e baabiraaɓe e pinal.[9] E faandaare mawnde ko ñiŋde njuɓɓudi baabiraaɓe, ndee dillere udditanii rewɓe laabi jaŋde, golle, e reende sariyaaji e bonanndeeji nder galleeji.
E darorɗe teeminannde 20ɓiire
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]E darorɗe teeminannde 20ɓiire, helmere tomboy ndee ina siftina sukaaɓe rewɓe ɓoorniiɓe comci ɗi ngonaa rewɓe, ina mbaɗa dingiral ɓalliwal, ina njaɓɓoo ko heewi anndireede "pijirlooji sukaaɓe" ko wayi no otooji, walla golle goɗɗe ɗe keewi jokkondirde e sukaaɓe worɓe.[1] Helmere ndee huutoraaka ko famɗi fof ko adii e nder hirnaange ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu hannde ko ɗum huunde renndoyankoore nde sukaaɓe rewɓe tokosɓe mbaɗata ngam waɗde golle ɓalliyankooje, fijde e sehilaaɓe mum en ɓe ngonaa jinnaaɓe mum en e ɓe ngonaa jinnaaɓe mum en, e ɓoornaade comci belɗi.[10]
Fuɗɗoode teeminannde 21ɓiire
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Sebastian Zulch mo Bustle wiyi wonde nde tawnoo helmere tomboy ndee ina jokkondiri e jikkuuji worɓe, ina siftina kadi ko renndo ngoo ɗaminii e sukaaɓe rewɓe, kuutoragol maggol ina waawi siforeede no feewi e ustude jikkuuji.[10]
Wakiili’en nder media
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]Winndannde mawnde: Doggol tomboy e nder fijirde
Tomboy e nder daartol fenaande ina heewi huutoreede ngam seerndude jikku ɓurɗo girly e jikku debbo aada. Ɗeeɗoo jikkuuji kadi ina keewi wonde ɗi mbaɗata dingiral mbaylaandi (makeover scene) ɗo ɓe njanngata wonde rewɓe, heewi wonde ko e les njiimaandi heɓde sehil gorko. Heewi wonde ko e ballal jikku ɓurɗo bonde e sukaaɓe, ɓe mbayla gila e ɓiɗɗo gorko bonɗo, ɓe mbaɗta ɗum en ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe belɗe, ɓe njejjita paandaale ɓennuɗe, ɓe keewi kadi ko ɓe mbaylaaki e mbaadi ndi ɓe ngonti ko ɓuri moƴƴude e maɓɓe.[21] Jikku Doris Day e nder filmo Calamity Jane mo hitaande 1953 ko yeru gooto e ɗuum.[22] Limlebbi tomboy ɗi njahataa haa jooni ngam yahdude e jikkuuji rewɓe e jommbaajo gorko ina keewi tan heddaade e ngonka tomboy cukaagu mum en, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi haa abada. Daawe nguurndam ɗo tomboyism jaɓaa ina juuti no feewi kadi ina famɗi ɗo tomboyɓe njaɓata duuɓi mum en e jam e weltaare tawa mbaylaaki e tawa ɓe ngoppaani tomboyism mum en.[22]
Tomboyism e nder fijirde ina heewi maande sifaaji kesi e nder galleeji, heewi wonde ko caggal maayde walla sifaa goɗɗo jiiɓru e nder dental galleeji nukliyeer, ardaade galleeji cuɓaaɗi wonaa iwdi. Ɗuum ina addana dental ɓesngu nguu caɗeele goɗɗe, tawa ina heewi heen ñiŋooje renndoyankooje hol ko foti wonde galle – ina jeyaa heen ñiŋooje kalaas e heewde darnde rewɓe e nder galle. Tomboyism ina waawi wiyde hay fuɗɗoraade normaliseede e hirjinde naatgol pelle goɗɗe marginalisée e sifaaji galleeji e nder fiction ina jeyaa heen, galleeji LGBT walla pelle njiyaagu. Ɗum fof ko e caɗeele darnde rewɓe e worɓe, e teskaade jibinannde e yumma nde tomboy en nguurdi.[22]
Tomboy ina huutoree kadi e daartol ngenndi, ɗo jikku debbo yiɗi golloraade e wolde, sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Dalilla gooto ko yiɗde leydi e yiɗde wonde e yeeso. Ɗuum ina heewi yejjiteede e laabi keewɗi goɗɗi ɗi rewɓe mbaawi tawtoreede e hareeji, tawa ina rewna heen laawol gootol tan golloraade e huutoraade ɓanndu neɗɗo. Ooɗoo sifaa daartol ina heewi rewde e trope tomboy yiyteede caggal nde o yani, e fijde e laabi keertiiɗi ɗi ɓalli keɓata feeñde, polis e cate. Ooɗoo sifaa daartol kadi ina heewi wonde ngenndiyaŋkaagal, tee tomboy ina heewi hollirde ko jaambaaro mo jikkuuji rewɓe ɓurɓe heewde poti ƴeewtaade, hay so tawii noon haa jooni eɓe keewi ruttaade e yoga e laabi maɓɓe ɓurɗi toowde caggal wolde.[22]
Tuugnorgal
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]- ↑ Bailey, J. Michael; Bechtold, Kathleen T.; Berenbaum, Sheri A. (2002). "Who Are Tomboys and Why Should We Study Them?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. SpringerLink. 31 (4): 333–341. doi:10.1023/A:1016272209463. PMID 12187546.
- ↑ King, Elizabeth (2017-01-05). "A Short History of the Tomboy". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2017-01-08. Retrieved 2017-01-06.
- ↑ Abate, Michelle Ann (2015-06-04). "Tomboy". Keywords (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2022-12-13.
- ↑ Abate, Michelle Ann (2008-06-28). Tomboys: A Literary and Cultural History (in Engeleere). Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 4–6. ISBN 978-1-59213-724-4.
- ↑ Gilman, Charlotte Perkins (1898). Women and Economics. Boston: Small, Maynard & Company. p. 56.
- ↑ Lee, Joseph (1915). Play in Education. pp. 392–393.
- ↑ Abate, Michelle Ann (2008-06-28). Tomboys: A Literary and Cultural History (in Engeleere). Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 4–6. ISBN 978-1-59213-724-4.
- ↑ Abate, Michelle Ann (2008-06-28). Tomboys: A Literary and Cultural History (in Engeleere). Philadelphia, USA: Temple University Press. pp. 24–16. ISBN 978-1-59213-724-4.
- ↑ Pike, Kirsten (2011-06-01). "Lessons in Liberation: Schooling Girls in Feminism and Femininity in 1970s ABC Afterschool Specials". Girlhood Studies (in Engeleere). 4 (1): 95–113. doi:10.3167/ghs.2011.040107. ISSN 1938-8322.
- ↑ Hemmer, Joan D.; Kleiber, Douglas A. (1981-12-01). "Tomboys and sissies: Androgynous children?". Sex Roles (in Engeleere). 7 (12): 1205–1212. doi:10.1007/BF00287972. ISSN 1573-2762. S2CID 143826710.