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Wojere

Taƴto jokkorɗe
Iwde to Wikipedia
Wojere
organisms known by a particular common name, taxon
Subclass ofLeporidae, domesticated mammal Taƴto
This taxon is source ofrabbit fur, rabbit wool, rabbit meat, rabbit milk Taƴto
Start time53 million years BCE Taƴto
MCN code0106.14.00 Taƴto
Unicode character🐇, 🐰 Taƴto
Opposite ofhare Taƴto

Wojere ko woojere do'u daabaaji tokoosi e nder galle Leporidae (ina jeyaa heen kadi mborosaaji), tawi ina jeyaa e doggol Lagomorpha (ina heen kadi pikas). Mbaroodi Yuroopu, Oryctolagus cuniculus woni iwdi teemedde mbaydiiji mbaroodi galleeji e nder winndere ndee. Sylvilagus ina waɗi lambaare 13 sifaa mboros ladde, ina heen sifaaji jeeɗiɗi cotton. Mbaroodi Yuroopu, ndi naatnaa e kala duunde so wonaa Antarktik, ina anndaa e winndere ndee kala, ko daabaaji ladde, ko sifaa jawdi ndariindi e jawdi ndariindi. E batte mum yaajɗe e ekolooji e pine, e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e winndere ndee, mboros oo ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam – ko nguura, ko ɓoornateeri, ko sehil, ko ƴoƴre

Rawaaji ko dental parafiletik, ɗi ngonaa klade, sibu hares ina njibina e nder klade Leporidae, ɗi ngonaa e nder rabbi.

Hay so tawii noon ko adii ɗuum ina cikka ko ɓowɗi, lagomorf en ina ceerti ko adii ɗuum, ina njogii sifaaji keewɗi ɗi ɓowɗi ngalaa, ina heen kadi ƴiye ɗiɗi ɓeydooje.

Terminoloji e etimoloji

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Mbaroodi gorko ina wiyee buuba; debbo wiyetee ko doe. Helmere ɓooynde ngam ɓoccoonde mawnde huutorteende haa e teeminannde 18th ko coney (ina ummii e ɗemngal Latin cuniculus), tawi noon ɓoccoonde meeɗiino wiyde tan ko daabaaji tokoosi.[1] Helmere woɗnde ngam ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe ko bunny, hay so tawii noon ndee helmere ina heewi huutoreede e nder njuɓɓudi (haa teeŋti e sukaaɓe) e ɓowɗi keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e ɓowɗi galleeji.[2][3] Ko ɓuri jooni, helmere kit walla kitten ina huutoree ngam wiyde ɓiɗɗo mboddi.

Fedde ɓowɗi ina anndiree koloñaal walla ɓuuɓri (walla, sahaa e sahaa fof, warren, hay so tawii noon ɗum ɓuri heewde firtude ko ɗo ɓowɗi ɗii nguuri).[4] Fedde ɓiɗɓe ɓowɗi jibinaaɗi e jibinannde wootere ina wiyee liɗɗi[5] e fedde ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe galleeji jooɗiiɓe ina wiyee sahaa e sahaa fof ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe.[6]

Konngol rabbit ngol e hoore mum ummii ko e ɗemngal Engele hakkundeewal rabet, ko ngal ƴettugol e ɗemngal Walloon robète, ngal wonnoo ko diminutif e Farayse walla Holanndee hakkundeejo robbe.[7]

Taxonomy

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Ko adii ɗuum, ɓowɗi e mborosaaji ina limtee e doggol Rodentia (rodent) haa hitaande 1912, nde ɓe ngartiraa e doggol kesol, hono Lagomorpha (ina heen kadi pikas). Les ɗo, yoga e leƴƴi e sifaaji mboros oo.

Ɓoornugol tokosol, ɓuuɓngol, ɓuuɓngol, ngol noppi mum ina tiiɗi, ina jooɗii e leydi hakkunde ƴiye maayɗe.

Koɗki

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Ɓoornugol mbabba

Rawaandu ina ɓooyi wonde koɗorɗe. Mbaroodi Yuroopu ina yaaji e nder jawdi, fuɗɗoraade e Rome ɓooyɗo. Jibinannde cuɓaande, fuɗɗiinde e yontaaji hakkundeeji, jibinii jibinanndeeji keewɗi, ɗi heewɓe (gila e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 19ɓiire) ina njogii kadi ko wayi no jawdi ndariindi.[9] Won e mbaydiiji mborosaaji njibinaama teeŋti noon e fannuuji wiɗto.[8]

Ko jawdi, ɓowɗi ina njibina kosam mum en e ƴiye mum en. Jibinanndeeji gadani ɗii ko ɓuuɓri kosam teeŋtundi, ko ɗum waɗi ɗi ɓuri mawnude e ɓowɗi ladde, kono ɓowɗi galleeji e jamaanu hannde oo ina mbaɗi mawneeki gila e ɓuuɓri haa e ɓuuɓri mawndi.[9][10] Fuuɗngo mboɗeeri, teddungo sabu softeende mum, ina tawee e mbaydiiji coftal ɓalli e mbaydiiji keewɗi, kam e njuuteendi.[11][12] Yeru, iwdi ɓowɗi Angora, ƴellitaama sabu ɓuuɓri mum juutndi, silki, ndi heewi ɓuuɓneede ko e juuɗe ngam waɗtude ɗum ɓuuɓri. Jibinanndeeji goɗɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji ɗii, ko adii fof ko ngam njulaagu ƴiye, ina heen Rex, jogiiɗo wuttulo juutngo.[13]

Biyoloji

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Wax models showing the development of the rabbit heart

Sabu epiglottis ɓoccoonde ina golloroo e dow ɓuuɓri softundi so wonaa nde ɓuuɓnata, ɓoccoonde ko fooftere nofru farliinde.[14] Rawaandu ina jogii dente ɗiɗi ɓutte, heen gootel ina woni caggal goɗɗo oo. Ko noon ɗe mbaawirta seertude e mborosaaji, ɗi keewi jiiɓrude.[15] Seerndi ɗum kadi ko wonande ɓowɗi, dente mum en fof ina njokki mawnude, ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e ɓowɗi ɗii, ko ƴiye mum en tan njokki mawnude. Carl Linnaeus fuɗɗiima renndinde ɓowɗi e mborosaaji e les njiimaandi Glires; caggal mum, ɗe ceerti ko no nanondiral ganndal nii, ko heewi e nanndugol majji ko batte ƴellitaare kawrital. Ko ɓooyaani koo, wiɗtooji ADN e yiytude iwdi gooto ina mballita e miijo wonde ɓe ngoni ko e leñol gootol, ko ɗum waɗi hannde, ɓowɗi e mborosaaji ina keewi renndinde e nder njuɓɓudi ɓurndi heewde Glires.[16][17]

Morfolooji

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melanistik Koloor Oryctologus cuniculus wojere Yuroopu (ladde)
Kosam mboɗejam

Nde tawnoo njaaweeki e ƴoƴre ko kañum en ɓuri waawde reentaade ɓowɗi e mborosaaji (ina heen ɓowɗi jaawɗi), ɓowɗi ina njogii ƴiye koyɗe caggal mawɗe e ƴiye ƴellitiiɗe no feewi.[18] Hay so tawii ko plantigrade e fooftere, ɓowɗi ina ngondi e koyɗe mum en ina ndoga, ina cikka ko ɓuri digitigrade. Ɓowɗi ina kuutoroo ƴiye mum en tiiɗɗe ngam ɓuuɓnude e (e wondude e ƴiye mum en) ngam faabaade.[19] Koyngal yeeso kala ina jogii koppi nay ina ɓeydoo heen ɓuuɓri. Koyngal caggal kala ina jogii koppi nay (kono alaa koppi).[20]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓowɗi ladde (haa teeŋti noon so yerondiraama e ɓowɗi) ina njogii ɓalli keewɗi, nannduɗi e egguuji. Koɗorɗe softuɗe mboɗeeri ladde ko agouti e mbaydi (walla, seeɗa, melanistik), ko ɗum wallitata e kammu. Wuddere ɓoccoonde ndee (so wonaa ɓiɗngel ngel) ina ɓalee dow, ina danee les. Koɗorɗe ina njogii daneeji e dow wutteeji mum en.[21]

Ngam darnde gite e nder ɓalndu mum, mboros oo ina jogii fannu yiytere ina hawra e fotde 360 ​​degere, tawa ina waɗi tan ko ɓuuɓri tokosiri to ponto nofru.[22]

Elemenji terɗe caggal

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Eɓɓoore artikulaasiyoŋ ƴiye ƴiye caggal ɓowɗi e nder defterdu taariindi tagoore to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pasifik Lutheran

Anatomiiji terɗe caggal mboɗeeje ina nanndi e mbaydiiji daabaaji goɗɗi, ina wallita e mbaadiiji mum en keertiiɗi. Kosam ɗam caggal ina waɗi kosam juutɗam (femur, tibia, fibula, e phalanges) kam e kosam juutɗam (tarsal). Ɗeeɗoo ƴiye ina tagaa e ƴiye endokonndral e nder ƴellitaare. Hono no ko ɓuri heewde e daabaaji leydi nii, hoore cirƴaande ndee ina jokkondiri e asetabulum os coxae. Feccere ndee ina jokkondiri e ƴiye, kono wonaa fibula, ko kañum jokkondiri e ƴiye. Tibia e fibula ina jokkondiri e tarsal pes, ko ɓuri heewde wiyeede ko koyngal. Terɗe mbaroodi caggal ɓuri juutde e terɗe yeeso ɗee. Ɗuum ina addana ɓe feewnude mbaadi maɓɓe hopping locomotion. Terɗe caggal ɓurɗe juutde ɓuri waawde feewnude jaawle ɓurɗe yaawde. Hares, jogiiɗe koyɗe ɓurɗe juutde e ɓowɗi cottontail, ina mbaawi yahde no feewi.[23] Rawaandu ina jooɗii tan e koyɗe mum so ina diwa; ɗum woni ko wiyetee diƴƴe dijital. Koye caggal ɗee ina njogii koppi nay juutɗi baawɗi waɗde ɗum, ina mbaɗi kadi ɓuuɓri ngam haɗde ɗi sarde so ina njuppa.[24] Rawaandu ngalaa paddorɗe e koyɗe mum no ko ɓuri heewde e daabaaji goɗɗi kuutortooɗi locomotion digitigrade nii. E nder heen, eɗe njogii ƴiye ɓutte ɗe ina ndokka ndeenka.[25]

Kosam

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Tergal caggal wojere (yiyngo bannge) ina waɗi ƴiye jokkondirɗe e ƴiye gonɗe e ƴiye.

Rawaandu ina jogii koyɗe caggal ɓutte, baawɗe rokkude doole ɓurɗe heewde, e yaawde, e yaawde, ɗe peccii ko e pecce tati mawɗe: koyngal, koyngal, e koyngal. Terɗe caggal mbabba ko sifaa ɓurɗo heewde.[26] Ɗi ɓuri juutde e terɗe yeeso ɗee, ina ndokka doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɓowɗi ina ndoga e koyɗe mum en ngam heɓde yahdu ɓurndu moƴƴude e nder dille.[27] Doole ɗe terɗe caggal ɗee njaltina ɗee ina mballita e anatomiiji gonɗi e nder ɓalndu fusiyoŋ tibia e fibula, e sifaaji ƴiye.[28]

Kosam e ittugol ƴiye, to bannge cellal, ina jokkondiri no feewi e ƴiye terɗe caggal. Doggol golle ummoraade e ƴiye ina addana doole ɗe ndeen renndintee e nder ƴiye ƴiye. Ɓowɗi ɗi ngalaa doole, ɗi ngalaa semmbe e ƴiye, ɓuri waawde heɓde osteoporosis sabu ŋakkeende ƴiye.[29] E nder ɓowɗi, so fiɓnde ina ɓeydoo heewde e ɓalndu, ina ɓeydoo waawde haɓaade tampere. Yeru, hareeji ina njogii semmbe ɓurɗo mawnude e ɓuuɓri, ɓuri cottontails. Ɓowɗi terɗe caggal mbabba ina mbaawi renndinde cate nay mawɗe : ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye nayi, ƴiye ɓalndu, walla ƴiye ƴiye. Ko ƴiye quadriceps ngoni kalfinaaɓe peewnugol doole so ina diwa. Ko timminirta ɗeen ƴiye ko ƴiye, ballooje e bursiiji juutɗi golle. Ɗeeɗoo ƴiye ina njuɓɓina hakkunde mum en no ƴiye plantar e dorsiflexors nii, ina mballita e jibinannde e golle jowitiiɗe e doole.[30]

Nate

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Ekoloji

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Rawaandu ko daabaaji ƴaañiiɗi, ko ɗum waɗi ina anndi ko woni e mum koo sahaa kala. Yeru, e nder Yuroopu Mediteraane, ko mborosaaji ɓuri heewde e mborosaaji boɗeeji, mborosaaji, e mborosaaji Iberi.[31] So tawii ina hawra e kulhuli potɗi arde, mboddi ina waawi ɓuuɓde e ƴeewde ndeen jeertina woɗɓe e nder warngooji ɗii e ɓuuɓri doole e dow leydi. Rabbit ina jogii fannu yiytere yaajnde no feewi, tee ko heewi e mayre ina huutoree e ƴeewndo dow.[32] Yitere mbaroodi alaa fovea, kono ko "streak visuel", woni doggol gonngol e hakkunde retina ngol densité cellal rod e cone fof ɓuri toowde. Ɗuum ina addana ɓe ƴeewde tagofeere nde tawa hoore ndee ina wirnoo seeɗa.[33][34]

Dowla (yumma) ina anndi ina yaltina uurngol baawngol daɗndude jawdi, ɗum noon maa o woɗɗondir e ɓuuɓri ngam waasde waɗde kitte (ɓiɗɓe) e nder baasal, o artira ɓuuɓri ndii laabi seeɗa tan e ñalawma ngam ñamminde kitte ɗee.[35]

Tuugnorgal

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  1. ↑ Template:OEtymD
  2. ↑ Zapletal, D.; Švancarová, D.; Gálik, B. (2021). "Growth of suckled rabbit kits depending on litter size at birth". Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica. 24 (1): 55–59. doi:10.15414/afz.2021.24.01.55-59. ISSN 1335-258X.
  3. ↑ Booth, J.L.; Peng, X.; Baccon, J.; Cooper, T.K. (2013). "Multiple complex congenital malformations in a rabbit kit (Oryctolagus cuniculi)". Comparative Medicine. 63 (4): 342–347. PMC 3750670. PMID 24209970.
  4. ↑ "The Collective Noun Page". Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
  5. ↑ McClure, Diane (2018). "Breeding and Reproduction of Rabbits". Merck Veterinary Manual. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  6. ↑ "Common Questions: What Do You Call a Group of...?". archived copy of Animal Congregations, or What Do You Call a Group of.....?. U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  7. ↑ Korth, William W. (1994), "Classification of Rodents", The Tertiary Record of Rodents in North America, Topics in Geobiology (in Engeleere), Boston, MA: Springer US, 12, pp. 27–34, doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1444-6_4, ISBN 978-1-4899-1444-6, retrieved 2024-09-16
  8. ↑ Mapara, M.; Thomas, B.; Bhat, K. (2012). "Rabbit as an animal model for experimental research". Dental Research Journal. 9 (1): 111–8. doi:10.4103/1735-3327.92960 (inactive 1 November 2024). PMC 3283968. PMID 22363373. Amongst various strains, New Zealand white strains of rabbits are commonly being used for research activities. These strains are less aggressive in nature and have less health problems as compared with other breeds.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of Jolal 2024 (link)
  9. ↑ Julie Kimber; Phillip Deery; Warwick Eather; Drew Cottle; Michael Hamel-Green; Nic Maclelland; Doris LeRoy; Jeanette Debney-Joyce; Jonathan Strauss; David Faber (2014). Issues on War and Peace. Australian Society for the Study of Labour History/Leftbank Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-9803883-3-6.
  10. ↑ Marco Cullere; Antonella Dalle Zotte (2018). "Rabbit meat production and consumption: State of knowledge and future perspectives". Meat Science. 143: 137–146. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.04.029. PMID 29751220.
  11. ↑ Tislerics, Ati. "Oryctolagus cuniculus". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  12. ↑ Fiorello, Christine V.; German, R.Z. (February 1997). "Heterochrony within species: craniofacial growth in giant, standard, and dwarf rabbits". Evolution. 51 (1): 250–261. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02406.x. PMID 28568789. S2CID 205780205.
  13. ↑ Samson, Leslie (2022-05-11), "Angora Wool Production", Rabbit Production (in Engeleere) (10 ed.), GB: CABI, pp. 292–302, doi:10.1079/9781789249811.0022, ISBN 978-1-78924-978-1, retrieved 2024-05-26
  14. ↑ Asher, RJ; Meng, J; Wible, JR; McKenna, MC; Rougier, GW; Dashzeveg, D; Novacek, MJ (February 18, 2005). "Stem Lagomorpha and the antiquity of Glires". Science. 307 (5712): 1091–4. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1091A. doi:10.1126/science.1107808. PMID 15718468.
  15. ↑ Johnson-Delaney, CA; Orosz, SE (May 2011). "Rabbit respiratory system: clinical anatomy, physiology and disease". Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 14 (2): 257–66. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2011.03.002. PMID 21601814.
  16. ↑ Donnelly, Thomas M.; Vella, David (2020). "Basic Anatomy, Physiology, and Husbandry of Rabbits". In Quesenberry, Katherine; Orcutt, Connie J.; Mans, Christoph; Carpenter, James W. (eds.). Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery (4th ed.). pp. 131–149. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-48435-0.00011-3. ISBN 978-0-323-48435-0.
  17. ↑ Kriegs, JO; Churakov, G; Jurka, J; Brosius, J; Schmitz, J (April 2007). "Evolutionary history of 7SL RNA-derived SINEs in Supraprimates". Trends in Genetics. 23 (4): 158–61. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.002. PMID 17307271.
  18. ↑ Hall, Patrick; Stubbs, Caleb; Anderson, David E.; Greenacre, Cheryl; Crouch, Dustin L. (2022-06-17). "Rabbit hindlimb kinematics and ground contact kinetics during the stance phase of gait". PeerJ (in Engeleere). 10: e13611. doi:10.7717/peerj.13611. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 9208372 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35734635 Check |pmid= value (help).
  19. ↑ d'Ovidio, Dario; Pierantoni, Ludovica; Noviello, Emilio; Pirrone, Federica (September 2016). "Sex differences in human-directed social behavior in pet rabbits". Journal of Veterinary Behavior. 15: 37–42. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2016.08.072.
  20. ↑ van Praag, Esther (2005). "Deformed claws in a rabbit, after traumatic fractures" (PDF). MediRabbit.
  21. ↑ Donnelly, Thomas M.; Vella, David (2020). "Basic Anatomy, Physiology, and Husbandry of Rabbits". In Quesenberry, Katherine; Orcutt, Connie J.; Mans, Christoph; Carpenter, James W. (eds.). Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery (4th ed.). pp. 131–149. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-48435-0.00011-3. ISBN 978-0-323-48435-0.
  22. ↑ Peiffer, Robert L.; Pohm-Thorsen, Laurie; Corcoran, Kelly (1994), "Models in Ophthalmology and Vision Research", The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit (in Engeleere), Elsevier: 409–433, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-469235-0.50025-7, ISBN 978-0-12-469235-0, PMC 7149682
  23. ↑ Bensley, Benjamin Arthur (1910). Practical anatomy of the rabbit. The University Press. p. 1. rabbit skeletal anatomy.
  24. ↑ "Description and Physical Characteristics of Rabbits – All Other Pets – Merck Veterinary Manual". Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  25. ↑ D.A.B.V.P., Margaret A. Wissman, D.V.M. "Rabbit Anatomy". exoticpetvet.net. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  26. ↑ Lumpkin, Susan; Seidensticker, John (2011). Rabbits: the animal answer guide. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0126-3. OCLC 794700391.
  27. ↑ Khan, Madiha; Suh, Angela; Lee, Jenny; Granatosky, Michael C. (2021), "Lagomorpha Locomotion", in Vonk, Jennifer; Shackelford, Todd (eds.), Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior (in Engeleere), Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–6, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1199-1, ISBN 978-3-319-47829-6, retrieved 2024-10-08
  28. ↑ Lumpkin, Susan; Seidensticker, John (2011). Rabbits: the animal answer guide. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0126-3. OCLC 794700391.
  29. ↑ Geiser, Max; Trueta, Joseph (May 1958). "Muscle action, bone rarefaction and bone formation". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 40-B (2): 282–311. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.40B2.282. PMID 13539115.
  30. ↑ Lieber, Richard L.; Blevins, Field T. (January 1989). "Skeletal muscle architecture of the rabbit hindlimb: Functional implications of muscle design". Journal of Morphology. 199 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051990108. PMID 2921772. S2CID 25344889.
  31. ↑ Fedriani, J. M.; Palomares, F.; Delibes, M. (1999). "Niche relations among three sympatric Mediterranean carnivores" (PDF). Oecologia. 121 (1): 138–148. Bibcode:1999Oecol.121..138F. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.587.7215. doi:10.1007/s004420050915. JSTOR 4222449. PMID 28307883. S2CID 39202154. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.
  32. ↑ Tynes, Valarie V. (2010). Behavior of Exotic Pets. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 70–73. ISBN 978-0-8138-0078-3. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016.
  33. ↑ Bringmann, Andreas; Syrbe, Steffen; Görner, Katja; Kacza, Johannes; Francke, Mike; Wiedemann, Peter; Reichenbach, Andreas (2018-09-01). "The primate fovea: Structure, function and development". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 66: 49–84. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006. ISSN 1350-9462. PMID 29609042.
  34. ↑ Lavaud, Arnold; Soukup, Petr; Martin, Louise; Hartnack, Sonja; Pot, Simon (2020-04-23). "Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Awake Rabbits Allows Identification of the Visual Streak, a Comparison with Histology". Translational Vision Science & Technology (in Engeleere). 9 (5): 13. doi:10.1167/tvst.9.5.13. ISSN 2164-2591. PMC 7401941. PMID 32821485.
  35. ↑ Davis, Susan E.; DeMello, Margo (2003). Stories Rabbits Tell: A Natural And Cultural History of A Misunderstood Creature. Lantern Books. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-59056-044-0. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016.
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