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Yunis Niuton ko footde

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Yunis Niuton ko footde
ɓii aadama
Jinsudebbum Taƴto
Ɓii-leydiyankaakuDowlaaji Dentuɗi Taƴto
InndeEunice Taƴto
Innde ɓesnguFoote, Newton Taƴto
Ɗuubi daygo17 Morso 1819 Taƴto
ƊofordeGoshen Taƴto
Date of death30 Siilto 1888 Taƴto
Place of deathLenox Taƴto
Place of burialGreen-Wood Cemetery Taƴto
Dee/goriiwoElisha Foote Taƴto
MarudeMary Foote Henderson, Augusta Foote Arnold Taƴto
WoldeInngilisjo Taƴto
Sana'ajiphysicist, climatologist, inventor, women's rights activist Taƴto
Field of workphysics, climatology, women's rights activism Taƴto
Janngi toEmma Willard School, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Taƴto
Magnum opusCircumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays, On a New Source of Electrical Excitation Taƴto
 

Eunice Newton Foote (jibinaa ko Eunice Newton ; 17 sulyee 1819 – 30 suwee 1888) ko ganndo Ameriknaajo, jiiloowo, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe . Ko kanko woni ganndo gadano anndude batte ɓuuɓɗe won e gaasuuji, tee, ko ɗum waɗi ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo ( CO ) ina waawi ɓeydude nguleeki weeyo, ina waawi kadi battinde e weeyo, ko ɗum huunde wiyeteende hannde batte gaasuuji . Foote jibinaa ko to Connecticut, o mawni ko to New York e nder dille renndo e politik e yonta makko, ko wayi no ittugol maccungaagu, haɓaade alkol, e hakkeeji rewɓe . O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde rewɓe Troy e duɗal Rensselaer gila e duuɓi 17 haa 19, o heɓi jaŋde yaajnde e miijo e golle ganndal.

Caggal nde o resi awokaa biyeteeɗo Elisha Foote e hitaande 1841, Foote hoɗi to Seneca Falls, to wuro wiyeteengo New York . O woniino siifondirɗo e bayyinaango Deklarasiyoŋ Sentiments, o jeyaa ko e ƴeewooɓe golle batu Seneca Falls 1848, batu gadano ngam ƴettude hakkeeji rewɓe ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. E hitaande 1856 o yaltinii winndannde maantiniinde ngam hollirde ɓuuɓgol nguleeki e CO e ɓuuɓri ndiyam e miijo wonde waylude keewal CO e nder weeyo ina wayla weeyo. Ko ngol woni go’o ko debbo Ameriknaajo gooto ina yaltina e jaaynde ganndal e fannu fisik . O yaltinii deftere ɗiɗmere e hitaande 1857, ko fayti e kuuraa statik e nder gaasuuji weeyo. Hay so tawii o jeyaaka e Fedde Ameriknaare ngam Ɓamtaare Ganndal (AAAS), binndanɗe makko ɗiɗi ɗee fof njanngaama e batuuji fedde nde hitaande kala—ko ɗeen binndanɗe tan ngoni binndanɗe e fannu fisik ɗe debbo Ameriknaajo winndi haa hitaande 1889. O yahi haa o heɓi patent e peeje keewɗe.

Foote maayi ko e hitaande 1888, fotde duuɓi teemedere darnde makko anndaaka, hade makko yiyteede kadi e rewɓe jannguɓe e teeminannde noogas. E teeminannde noogas e go’aɓere, nafoore hesere e Foote ummii nde anndaa wonde golle makko ina njahdi e jiytugol ngol John Tyndall, mo annduɓe nganndi ko kanko woni neɗɗo gadano hollirde e jarribooji mbaadi batte gaddooji seer tawa ina waɗi radiyee infrared . Ƴeewndo laaɓtungo e golle makko ɗe annduɓe hannde mbaɗi, hollitii wonde duuɓi tati ko adii nde Tyndall yaltinta binndanɗe mum e hitaande 1859, Foote yiyti wonde nguleeki ndiyam e CO ina njaltina nguleeki ummoraade e lewru. Yanti heen, miijo makko wonde waylo-waylo weeyo ngo nguleeki ndiyam e CO ina addana mbayliigu weeyo, ko adii bayyinaango Tyndall e hitaande 1861, duuɓi joy. Sabu keeri peewnugol makko jarriborgol, e ko waawi wonde fof ŋakkeende ganndal e radiyee infrared, Foote ƴeewtaaki walla yiytaani mooftugol e yaltinnde semmbe radiyee e nder weeyo infrared nguleeki, ko ɗum woni sabaabu batte gaddooji seer. E hitaande 2022, Dental Geophysique Amerik sosi Medal Eunice Newton Foote ngam ganndal Leydi-Nguurndam ngam teddinde mo ngam anndinde wiɗtooji ganndal keewɗi.

Cukaagu e jaŋde

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Eunice Newton was born July 17, 1819, in Goshen, Connecticut, to Thirza and Isaac Newton Jr.[1] By 1820, the family had relocated to Ontario County in western New York.[1] Her father was a farmer and entrepreneur in East Bloomfield, amassing wealth and losing it through speculation.[2][3][4] Eunice was a distant relative of the scientist Isaac Newton.[5][6] Eunice had six sisters and five brothers, although the oldest sister died at two years old.[3][4][2] Her father died in 1835 and the fifth child, a daughter named Amanda, took it upon herself to rid the properties of debt and become sole owner to keep the family farm from being sold.[2][Notes 1] The area of New York where Eunice grew up and spent most of her life was the era's center of social activism. She would have been exposed to abolitionists, dress reform activists, mystics, temperance advocates, and women's rights campaigners.[7]

Sketch of a street scene with people walking on a sidewalk in front of a wrought iron fence. Parallel and behind the fence is a small building to the left connected to an open-front shed across the back and down the right side a large, stone, 4-story building.
Duɗal janngirde rewɓe Troy, hitaande 1822
Sketch of a Colonial Georgian-style building with two chimneys on both opposing sides of the roof.
Duɗal Rensel, hitaande 1824

Newton was educated at the Troy Female Seminary,[3][5] a pioneering women's preparatory school,[Notes 2] established by feminist Emma Willard. Students of the seminary were encouraged to attend science courses at the adjacent Rensselaer School, which was led by Amos Eaton, the senior professor and a proponent of women's education.[8][9] Eaton's innovative methods included lectures in scientific theory accompanied by practical experimentation in the laboratory, rather than rote memorization.[8][9][10] Newton attended these schools between 1836 and 1838.[8][11][12]

E nder tawtoreede Newton, balloowo hooreejo duɗal ngal ko miñi mum debbo biyeteeɗo Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, ko kanko feewni janngirɗe duɗal ngal, winndi defte janngirɗe almuɓɓe ɓee. [10] [ Tesko 3 ] Almuɓɓe ina mbaawi luulndaade markeeji mum en ko adii batu yontere ngam ƴeewtaade ŋakkeende moraal mum en . [13] So wonaa janngirɗe duɗe timmuɗe ɗe sukaaɓe rewɓe ndokketee, [14] almuɓɓe ɓee njanngata ko jimɗi, daartol, ɗemɗe (Engele, Farayse, Itaali, Latin), binndol, hiisa (general, aljebra, joometiri), jimɗi, pentugol, filosofi, rhetorik, e ganndal nder galleeji (bo ). [4] [13] To duɗal Rensselaer, Newton janngi no wiɗtooji mbaɗirtee, kam e jarribooji laboratuwaaruuji. [7] [8] [15] Sukaaɓe rewɓe janngooɓe e duɗal ngal ina mbaawi janngude ganndal koode, ganndal kemikal, ganndal leydi, ganndal weeyo, e ganndal tago . [7] [9]

Dewgal e nguurndam ɓesngu

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Ñalnde [2] [16] 1841, to [17] rewo Bloomfield, Newton resi Elisha Foot Jr. Foote janngiino to Johnstown, to New York, e gardagol ñaawoowo biyeteeɗo Daniel Cady, baaba mum daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe . [18] [ Tesko 4 ] E hitaande 1844, e nder yeeyirde sheriif, Elisha soodi galle mo galle Stanton hocfdi e hitaande 1847. O winnditii cfum e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o rokki cfum 6icfcfo makko debbo, hono Elizabeth e [19] pentoowo leydi", [2] mo nganndu-ɗaa kadi ko ganndo amateur e jiiloowo. [2] [17] E ɗaɓɓaande makko paaspoor 1862, ardiiɓe ɓee ciftinii Foote ko les 5 tan juutɗo, gite daneeje-boɗeeje, hunduko "ɓurɗo mawnude", yeeso ɓuuɓngo, ɓaleejo sallow, e gite daneeje ɓaleeje. [15] [20]

Dewgal ngal jibini ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo, Mary, jibinaaɗo ñalnde 21 sulyee 1842, wonti naalanke, binndoowo, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe ; [17] [21] e Augusta, jibinaaɗo ñalnde 24 oktoobar 1844, wonti binndoowo. [22] Ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof njibinaa ko to Seneca Falls. [2] Elisha wonti ñaawoowo golloowo to Ñaawirde Toownde to diiwaan Seneca, kono o woppi golle makko e hitaande 1846. [23] [24] O jokki golle makko e awokaa e Eunice facciri e mahde laboratuwaar e nder galle maɓɓe. [11] [16] [25] E nder ndunngu 1860, ɓesngu nguu ummiima to Saratoga Springs, to New York, ɗo Augusta janngi e duɗal keeringal. [22] [26] Elisa ina joginoo nokku keeriiɗo, ko o karallo ko faati e sariyaaji patent . [27]

E hitaande 1865, Elisha toɗɗaa ngam golloraade janngirde e nder Yiilirde Ngenndiire toppitiinde ko fayti e patent e markeeji Amerik . [27] Galle oo fof ummiima e oon sahaa to Wasinton [21] Nde ɓe ngoni to Wasinton, ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof resndaa. Mary resii John B. Henderson, senaateer Ameriknaajo ummoriiɗo Missouri, gooto e winndooɓe kuulal 13ɓal ngam ittude maccungaagu, kadi ko kañum woni daraniiɗo kuulal 15ɓal ngam rokkude jiyaaɓe ɓennuɓe hakkeeji woote. [28] Ɓe mbaɗii kewu mawɗo e hitaande 1868, tawi ko tedduɓe heewɓe tawtoraama, ina jeyaa heen hooreejo leydi Amerik hono Andrew Johnson . [29] Hitaande rewtunde ndee, Augusta resii Farayse Benyamin Arnold, jom kafe ummoriiɗo wuro New York. [30] [31]

Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Elisha toɗɗaa Komiseer Patent, o golliima gila 25 sulyee 1868, haa ñalnde 25 abriil 1869. [1] Nde manndaa makko komisariyaajo joofi, o woni e Yiilirde toppitiinde ƴeewndorɗe duuɓi keewɗi. [1] Ɓeeɗoo ɗiɗo ina nguurnoo to Fuɗnaange Bloomfield e hitaande 1872 e hitaande 1873, [1] [1] ɓe ngartii e Wasinton e hitaande 1874, [1] kono ɓe ngartii e wuro New York e hitaande 1878. [1] [1] ngonnoo ko e wuro New York e hitaande 1881 1883, Elisa sankii to galle Mariyam. [1] Caggal maayde Elisha, Eunice hoɗi ko to Brooklyn, ko to Lenox, Massachusetts . [1]

Tuugnorgal

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  1. ↑ US census 1820.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Leonard 1915.
  3. 1 2 3 Schwartz 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 Herrmann 2019.
  5. 1 2 Shapiro 2021.
  6. ↑ Brockell 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 Welsh 2018.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Perkowitz 2019.
  9. 1 2 3 Ricketts 1895.
  10. 1 2 Hilger 2008.
  11. 1 2 Edwards 2018.
  12. ↑ Troy Female Seminary 1837.
  13. 1 2 American Ladies' Magazine 1835.
  14. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica 2017.
  15. 1 2 Mandel 2018.
  16. 1 2 Goodwin 1849.
  17. 1 2 3 Reed 1992.
  18. ↑ Wilson & Fiske 1887.
  19. ↑ Yocum 1998.
  20. ↑ Passport application 1862.
  21. 1 2 Johnson & Brown 1904.
  22. 1 2 Leonard et al. 1907.
  23. ↑ Wellman 2004.
  24. ↑ New York Daily Tribune 1846.
  25. ↑ Foote 1857.
  26. ↑ Foote 1860.
  27. 1 2 US Patent Office 1936.
  28. ↑ Gates 1906.
  29. ↑ Intelligencer Journal 1868.
  30. ↑ New York Daily Herald 1869.
  31. ↑ Stratton 1906.
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