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Cheryl Clarke

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Cheryl Clarke
ɓii aadama
Jinsudebbum Taƴto
Ɓii-leydiyankaakuDowlaaji Dentuɗi Taƴto
InndeCheryl Taƴto
Innde ɓesnguClarke Taƴto
Ɗuubi daygo16 Duujal 1947 Taƴto
ƊofordeWashington, D.C. Taƴto
Sana'ajipoet, writer, women's rights activist, educator Taƴto
EmployerRutgers University Taƴto
Archives atSchomburg Center for Research in Black Culture Taƴto
 

Cheryl L. Clarke (jibinaa ko Washington D.C., ñalnde 16 Maayu 1947)[1] ko jimoowo, binndoowo, jannginoowo, e daraniiɗo renndo rewɓe ɓaleeɓe Ameriknaajo. Bursi makko ɓuri teeŋtude ko e binndol rewɓe Afriknaaɓe-Ameriknaaɓe, e feminism lesbiyanke ɓaleejo, e dille ñeeñal ɓaleeɓe to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik.

Ko ɓuri duuɓi 40, Clarke woniino sosɗo Direkteer Geɗe Renndo Ceertuɗe e Kuule Lesbiyen/Gay, caggal ɗuum Ofis Jaŋde Njuɓɓudi Renndo e Renndooji LBT, to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Rutgers.[2][3] O jokki jokkondiral janngingol e Faculté Graduate de la Departement des études des femmes et des généraux, hay so tawii o woppii kuugal. Yanti heen, Clarke ina gollina e yiilirde fedde wiyeteende Newark Pride.[4]

Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗade

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Ɓiɗɗo debbo James Sheridan Clarke, gonɗo e wolde adunaare ɗimmere,[5] e Edna Clarke, Cheryl Clarke jibinaa, mawni ko to Wasinton, e nder dumunna mo dille jojjanɗe aadee Amerik ɓuri mawnude, gooto e miñiraaɓe rewɓe nayo e miñi mum gorko. Galle oo ko katolik, iwdi jiyaaɓe rimɗinaaɓe, egguɓe to laamorgo leydi ndii caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele. Jibnaaɓe ɓee fof ko gollotooɓe laamu, winnditiiɓe Demokaraat en.

Nde o heɓi duuɓi 13, Clarke taƴi laawol piket ngol daraniiɓe afriknaaɓe-ameriknaaɓe seppooɓe ngam seerndude yimɓe to Woolworth to 14th Street. Nde o arti galle, yumma makko, tergal senndikaa tiiɗngal, wiyi mo hoto o meeɗ taƴde piket, o janngina mo darnde kuugal toowɗe e nder dille jojjanɗe aadee. E duuɓi 16, Clarke jaɓaama e jibnaaɓe mum ngam tawtoreede marse 1963 to Washington ngam kuugal e ndimaagu e maɓɓe. Ñalnde heen ko adii seppo ngoo, e nder laawol makko dow wuro ngam heɓde humpitooji ko faati e laawol ngol, o hawri e Martin Luther King Jr., mo o waɗata konngol makko "I Have a Dream" ñalnde heen.[6]

Clarke janngii duɗe parrochial to diiwaan Columbia, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Howard e hitaande 1965. O heɓi B.A. e binndol Inngilankore e hitaande 1969. Caggal ɗuum, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rutgers, o timmini Master makko e hitaande 1974, Master makko e kuugal renndo e hitaande 1980, o heɓi PhD makko e hitaande 2000.[7] Ko ɓuri heewde e oon sahaa, o golliima kadi e Rutgers, o fuɗɗii kuugal makko toon ko e hitaande 1970 e nder porogaraam duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Urban.[8] E hitaande 1992, o wonii gardiiɗo sosɗo geɗe renndo ceertuɗe e kuule Lesbiyen/Gay, caggal ɗuum wonti Biro Jaŋde Nuunɗal Renndo e Renndooji LGBT.[8] O woniino gardiiɗo janngooɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Livingston to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Rutgers tuggi 2010 haa 2013, nde o woppi kuugal.[8]

Bindi

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Clarke woni binnduɗo defte joy jimɗi: Narratives: Poèmes dans la tradition des femmes noires (ko adii fof ko kanko yaltini ɗum e hitaande 1981, nde Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press renndini ɗum e hitaande 1982); ngam Defte Firebrand, Wuurde no lesbiyanke nii (1986), Pitch ɓuuɓɗo (1989), e Yiɗde jarriborde (1993); e ngam kuugal Konngol, E Taƴre Am Timmunde (2016).[9][10] O yaltini kadi Caggal Makka — Rewɓe yimooɓe e dille naalankaagal ɓaleeɓe (Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Rutgers, 2005), e Ñalɗi njiylawu moƴƴo: Binndi e Yimre, 1980–2005 (Carroll & Graf Publishing, 2006), deftere nde holliri duuɓi 25 bayyinaango wri.[11]

Clarke golliima e fedde winndiyaŋkoore wiyeteende Conditions, deftere lesbiyankoore adannde, o yaltinaama e nder defte binndaaɗe, jaayndeeji, jaayndeeji, e jaayndeeji keewɗi, ina jeyaa heen Conditions, Ooɗoo ponto ina wiyee caggal am, Sukaaɓe rewɓe galle, Ganndo ɓaleejo, Ƴeewndo Kenyon, e Gay Community News.[12][11][13] Binndanɗe Clarke, "Lesbianism: An Act of Resistance" e "Waasde Waylude: Homophobie e nder renndo ɓaleejo", yaltinaaɗe e ndeeɗoo ponto wiyeteeɗo Back am e Home Girls, ina keewi naatde e jaŋde rewɓe, jaŋde ɓaleeɓe, e jaŋde Inngilankore.[14]

"Lesbinism: kuugal cemmbiɗngal" (1981)

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Cheryl Clarke woni binnduɗo deftere "Lesbianism: une acte de résistance", yaltunde e hitaande 1981 e nder deftere rewɓe wiyeteende Oo ponto wiyeteeɗo ɓalewol am: binndanɗe rewɓe radikal en ɓaleeɓe.[11] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e naatgol binndol ngol ko yaajtinde cate hol limtoowo lesbiyanke e hol ko woni lesbiyanke. So wonaa siftinde lesbiyanke tan ko debbo jokkondirɗo e rewɓe woɗɓe, Clarke ina teeŋtina wonde "alaa sifaa lesbiyanke gooto, alaa sifaa jikku lesbiyanke gooto, alaa sifaa gooto jokkondiral lesbiyanke."[15] Miijo "lesbiyanke" ko jokkondire, o waɗii nokku ngam rewɓe jokkondirɓe e woɗɓe kono label emo. Ko noon kadi, o firti lesbiyankaagal "hono feere miijo, politik, e filosof ngam rimɗinde rewɓe fof e njiimaandi heteroseksual."[15] Nde tawnoo o miijii lesbiyankaagal ina luulndii njiimaandi worɓe e doole heteroseksual, o siftini ɗum ko reentaade debbo e nder nguurndam mum, no fotiri fof.

"Waasde waylude: Homofobi e nder renndo ɓaleejo" (1983)

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Deftere 1983 wiyeteende Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology ina waɗi heen gooto e binndanɗe Clarke, tiitoonde mum ko "Waasde waylude: Homophobie e nder renndo ɓaleejo". ndeeɗoo winndannde ko ƴeewndo binndol, ina heen ƴeewndooji LeRoi Jones, 1961, Macho ɓaleejo e miijo debbo ɓurɗo mawnude (1979) mo Michele Wallace winndi, e Ain’t I a Woman (1981) mo bell hooks winndi. Clarke wiyi wonde homofobi wonaa tan e renndo ɓaleejo, kono ina hollita pinal homofobi ɓurngal mawnude. Ndeeɗoo feccere ina feewti e worɓe ɓaleeɓe, ɓe Clarke wiyi ina duumoo homophobie e miijooji supremacist ɓaleeɓe, luulndiiɗi ɓaleeɓe, ko wayi no jinnaaɗo e jokkondiral, ko ɗum feere ngam ɓeydaade welde e Amerik ɓaleeɓe. O ñiŋii teeŋti noon "gorko ɓaleejo hakkille" ngam wonde danndoowo mo addanta renndo ɓaleejo ndimaagu e laawol jokkude homophobie ngam ñaawde lesbiyen ɓaleejo ko bonnata ɓesngu ɓaleejo e ngenndi ɓaleejo.[16] Ko ɓeydi heen, Clarke hollitii wonde rewɓe ɓaleeɓe jogiiɓe hakkillaaji ina njaltina lesbiyen ɓaleeɓe e nder jaŋde mum en, kadi ina njeddi rewɓe lesbiyen ɓaleeɓe—"homophobia by omission". Toowgol e ittugol rewɓe lesbiyen en ɓaleeɓe e nder dille ndimaagu ɓaleeɓe, e wiyde Clarke, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, tee ko e haɓaade e ittude homophobie tan renndo ɓaleejo heɓata ndimaagu.[17]

Clarke joofniri ko wonde ɓaleeɓe ina poti daranaade ittude njiyaagu e nder renndo ngo, tawa ina mbaɗa yeewtere e daraniiɓe ndimaagu gaynaako e lesbiyanke, ina njannga e politik gaynaako en, ina kaɓa e jikkuuji njiyaagu nder renndo e yaasi, e faamde no ɗiin jikkuuji kaɗirta ndimaagu timmungu.

Diɗɗal Naalankaagal ɓaleeɓe

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Diɗɗal naalankooɓe ɓaleeɓe waɗii hakkunde 1965 e 1975, e jokkondiral tiiɗngal e diɗɗal doole ɓaleeɓe, e yiɗde miijaade politik hirnaange e estetikaaji pinal.[18] Ummital e ndee dillere kadi ko naatgol rewɓe kam e naalankooɓe queer, tawi heen geɗal ko batte ñiŋooje dillere ndee e yimɓe teeŋtuɓe, haa arti noon e Clarke, teeŋtinoowo darnde naalankaagal ɗeen pelle. E nder kuugal makko Caggal Makka, Clarke hollitii rewɓe yimooɓe e winndooɓe e waɗde jikkuuji queer e hakkunde daartol makko fiction revolutionnaire.[18] Hono no Black Arts Movement nii, ko heewi e kuugal Clarke e nder binndol e nder kuugal mum ina taarii miijo yiyngo,[19] kono e ɓurde jokkondirde e debbo ɓaleejo queer.[18]

Ummatore

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Clarke golliima e nder dipiteeji keewɗi e pelle renndo, ina jeyaa heen Fedde Rewɓe New York ngam Haɓaade Rafi (1985), Fedde Rewɓe New Jersey e Sida, Fedde Janngirɗe Lesbiyen e Gay to Duɗal Jaŋde CUNY, e Fooyre Lesbiyen Astraea ngam Ñaawoore. O wonii tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Newark Pride Alliance, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore, daraniinde wallitde e porogaraamuuji LGBTQ to Newark.

Clarke ina hoɗi to wuro Jersey, to leydi New Jersey.[6] E wondude e jom suudu makko, Barbara Balliet, ko kanko woni jom suudu defte biyeteeɗo Bleinheim Hill, defterdu defte to Hobart.[20]

Koolol rewɓe winndooɓe Hobart

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Koolol rewɓe winndooɓe Hobart sosaa ko e hitaande 2013 e juuɗe Clarke e miñi mum debbo Breena Clarke, tawi ko e dow rewɓe winndooɓe baylaaɗe.[21] Kala lewru settaambar, ndee fedde ina rokka kuugal jaŋngugol e binndol, kollirɗe naalankaagal, e yeewtereeji.[21]

Kuugal

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  • Narratives: Poems in the Tradition of Black Women (1983)
  • Living as a Lesbian (1986)
  • Humid Pitch (1989)
  • Experimental Love (1993)
  • By My Precise Haircut (2016)
  • Clarke, Cheryl (2024-08-15). Archive of Style. Evanston, Illinois: Triquarterly Books. ISBN 978-0-8101-4760-7.[21]

Tuugnorgal

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  1. ↑ Manheim, James M. "Clarke, Cheryl 1947–". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  2. ↑ Allen-Lee, Nia; Fernández, Katerin (December 5, 2012). Eppes, Mariah (ed.). "An Interview with Cheryl Clarke" (PDF). Institute for Women's Leadership at Rutgers University. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  3. ↑ "Cheryl Clarke". Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences, Women and Gender Studies. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  4. ↑ Gumbs, Alexis Pauline (October 4, 2012). "In Praise of the Never Straight". The Feminist Wire. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  5. ↑ "James Clarke obituary notice". The Washington Post. January 9, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2015 – via legacy.com.
  6. 1 2 Potter, Claire. "We Still Want Jobs and Freedom Now: An Interview with Cheryl Clarke". OutHistory.org. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  7. ↑ "CV". Cheryl Clarke. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  8. 1 2 3 Rizzi, Kathryn Tracy; Kaplan, Joseph (September 21, 2018). "Clarke, Cheryl". Rutgers Oral History Archives. Retrieved 2024-11-13.
  9. ↑ Blackman, Marci (December 19, 2023). "Cheryl Clarke: Interview". Mosaic Literary Magazine (in Engeleere).
  10. ↑ Clarke, Cheryl (2016). By My Precise Haircut (in Engeleere). Word Works. ISBN 978-1-944585-01-3.
  11. 1 2 3 "Clarke, Cheryl". www.lesbianpoetryarchive.org. Retrieved 2024-11-13.
  12. ↑ "Cheryl Clarke papers". archives.nypl.org. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  13. ↑ "Cheryl Clarke | Kenyon Review Author". The Kenyon Review (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2024-11-13.
  14. ↑ "Manifestos for analysis – Queer Theory". Digital Scholars at Rochester (in Engeleere). 2018-02-02. Retrieved 2024-11-13.
  15. 1 2 Clarke, Cheryl (1981). "Lesbianism: an Act of Resistance". This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color: 129.
  16. ↑ Smith, Barbara (1983). Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. Rutgers University Press. p. 201.
  17. ↑ Smith (1983). Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. pp. 197–208.
  18. 1 2 3 Avilez, GerShun (2012). "Queering The Black Arts Movement". Oxford African American Studies Resource. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  19. ↑ Love, Bettina L. (Sep 2016). "'No there is nothing wrong with your eyes, my letterhead is indeed crooked': An introduction to the study of Black and Brown lesbian educators". Journal of Lesbian Studies. 21 (4): 371–374. doi:10.1080/10894160.2016.1162546. PMID 28632079. S2CID 205753962. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  20. ↑ "About". Bleinheim Hill Books. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  21. 1 2 3 "Hobart Festival of Women Writers". NOW. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
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