Fatma Aliye Topuz

ɓii aadama
Jinsu	debbum
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku	Ottoman Empire, Türkiye
Innde	Fatma, Aliye
Innde ɓesngu	Topuz
Ɗuubi daygo	9 Yarkomaa 1862
Ɗoforde	Istanbul
Date of death	13 Morso 1936
Place of death	Istanbul
Place of burial	Feriköy Cemetery
Father	Ahmet Cevdet Pasha
Sibling	Emine Semiye Önasya, Güzide Sabri Aygün
Wolde	Turkish
Sana'aji	novelist, essayist, columnist, writer, journalist
Field of work	essay
Political ideology	feminism

Fatma Aliye Topuz (9 oktoobar 1862 – 13 sulyee 1936), keewɗo anndireede tan ko Fatma Aliye walla Fatma Aliye Hanım, ko binndoowo Turki, winndiyanke, binndol, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe e neɗɗankaagal. Hay so tawii won deftere nde binndoowo debbo Turki biyeteeɗo Zafer Hanım yaltini ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1877,[1] nde tawnoo ndeen deftere heddii ko deftere makko tan, Fatma Aliye Hanım e defte mum joy ina njeyaa e dingiral binndol wonde debbo binndoowo gadano e nder binndol Turki e Aduna lislaam.[2][3]

Nguurndam adanɗam

Fatma Aliye jibinaa ko to Istanbul ñalnde 9 oktoobar 1862. Ko kanko woni ɓiy ɗiɗaɓo gardiiɗo laamu Ottomaan, daartoowo e birooji lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (1822-1895)[4] e debbo mum Adviye Rabia Hanım.[5] Omo jogii banndiraaɓe ɗiɗo : miñiiko biyeteeɗo Ali Sedat e miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Emine Semiye.[3][6]

Sabu darnde baaba makko e Wali (guwerneer diiwaan) to Ejipt, caggal ɗuum to Grece, o waɗi duuɓi tati tuggi 1866 haa 1868 to Alep, lebbi jeegom to Janina e hitaande 1875. E hitaande 1878, o woni e galle makko lebbi jeenay to Damas, ɗo baaba makko toɗɗaa.

Fatma Aliye janngata ko e nder galle, nde tawnoo, e oon sahaa, sukaaɓe rewɓe ina keewi winnditaade e nder duɗe toowɗe hay so tawii noon sariya haɗataa jaŋde rewɓe. E nder cukaagu makko hakkille o dañii ganndal toowngal e ɗemngal Arab e Farayse.[5][7]

E hitaande 1879, nde o heɓi duuɓi sappo e jeeɗiɗi, baaba makko yuɓɓini dewgal makko e kapiteen-major (Kolağası e ɗemngal Turki Otomaan) Mehmet Faik Bey, balloowo sultan Abdul Hamid II, ɓiy-yumma Gazi Osman Pasha, jaambaaro oo e nder hare Plevna (1877). O jibinii ɓiɓɓe rewɓe nayo: Hatice (jibinaa ko e hitaande 1880), Ayşe (jibinaa ko e hitaande 1884), Nimet (jibinaa ko e hitaande 1900) e Zübeyde İsmet (jibinaa ko e hitaande 1901).[5]

Jom suudu makko ko neɗɗo mo hakkille mum ɓuri mo, e nder duuɓi gadani dewgal maɓɓe, o jaɓaani janngude defte e ɗemɗe janane.[5]

Golle binndol

Fatma Aliye Topuz ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe hakkeeji rewɓe adanɓe, feeñde e comci hirnaange e nder nguurndam mum renndo.

Fatma Aliye Topuz ina yahra e werlaa, ina wayi no ina reedu, hedde hitaande 1900.

O fuɗɗii e binndol ko e hitaande 1889 e firo deftere Georges Ohnet wiyeteende Volonté ummoraade e Farayse feewde e Turki e tiitoonde Meram e yamiroore jom suudu makko, duuɓi sappo caggal dewgal makko. Deftere nde yalti ko e innde binndol makko "Bir Hanım" ("Laamɗo").[5] Winndiyanke lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Ahmet Mithat ina weltii e makko haa o bayyini mo wonde ko o ɓiyiiko debbo tedduɗo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Tercüman-ı Hakikat (« Firo Goonga »). Fatma Aliye kadi dañii hakkille baaba mum haa o janngini ɗum, o wostondiri miijooji e makko. Caggal firo makko gadano, o huutoriima innde binndol "Mütercime-i Meram" (e ɗemngal: "Firo debbo Volonté) e nder firooji makko jokkondirɗi.[7][8]

E hitaande 1894, o winndi deftere wiyeteende Hayal ve Hakikat (« Koyngal e Goonga ») kanko e Ahmet Mithat Efendi. O winndi binndanɗe ngam jaambaaro debbo oo, binndanɗe ngam jikku gorko oo ko Ahmet Mithat winndi. Golle ɗee ciynaama e "Bir Kadın ve Ahmet Mithat" ("Debbo e Ahmet Mithat").[9] Caggal ndee deftere, winndooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗti ɓataakeeji juutɗi, ɗi njaltinaa caggal ɗuum e jaaynde Tercüman-ı Hakikat.[9]

Fatma Aliye yaltinii deftere mum adannde wiyeteende Muhazarat ("Kabaruuji nafooji") e hitaande 1892 e innde mum tigi-rigi, nde o etinooma salaade miijo wonde debbo waawaa yejjitde giɗli mum gadani. Ko nde deftere adannde e nder laamu Ottomaan fof nde debbo winndi. Deftere nde fuɗɗitii yaltineede e hitaande 1908.

Deftere makko tataɓere wiyeteende Udi (« Lutte »), yaltunde e hitaande 1899, ina hollita debbo fiyoowo oud, mo Fatma Aliye hawri e mum to Alep. E nder ndee deftere, o haali, e ɗemngal laaɓngal, daartol nguurndam Bedia, baɗnooɗo dewgal ngal weltaaki.[8][9] Winndiyanke lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Reşat Nuri Güntekin ina hollita wonde Udi ina jeyaa e golle ɓurɗe teeŋtude ɗe o yiɗi e binndol.[10]

Defte makko goɗɗe ɗee ko Raf'et (1898), Enin (1910) (« Ɓoornugol ») e Levaih-i Hayat (« Dille nguurndam »). O tiitinii e nder golle makko dewgal, nanondiral hakkunde jommbaajo debbo, giɗli e njiimaandi, e nafoore ustude luulndii dewgal yuɓɓinaangal. Yanti heen, o suɓii ko neɗɗo gooto (individualism) ngam wonde tiitoonde mawnde, o sosi jaambaaro’en jeyaaɓe e hoore mum, gollotooɓe e dañde kaalis mum en tawa ngalaa haaju e gorko.[11]

E hitaande 1893, darnde makko mawni caggal nde Ahmet Mithat yalti deftere wiyeteende Bir Muharrire-i Osmaniye’nin Neşeti (« Jibinannde Winndiyanke Debbo Usmaan ») jibinaaɗo e ɓataakeeji Fatma Aliye. E nder ɗeen ɓataakeeji, omo hollita weltaare makko nde meeɗaa joofde e jaŋde.

Binndol makko Nisvan-ı İslâm ngol firtaama e ɗemngal Farayse e tiitoonde Les femmes muselmannes nde Olga Lebedeva[12] firti ɗum kadi e ɗemngal Arab, e deftere makko Udi e ɗemngal Farayse. Ñaawoore makko, bayyinaande e jaaynde Farayse, ko fayti e deftere wiyeteende « Rewɓe Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange » nde Faraysenaajo biyeteeɗo Émile Julliard winndi, dañii hakkillaaji no feewi to Pari. Kadi ina anndaa e nder winndere ndee, golle makko kollitaama to defterdu World’s Columbian Exposition 1893 to Chicago, Amerik, o limtaama e nder catal defterdu rewɓe e nder yeewtere ndee. Hay so tawii o woniino mawɗo haa e jamaanu doosgal ɗiɗaɓal, o yani e yejjiteede e sahaa.[9]

E hitaande 1914, o yaltini deftere makko wiyeteende Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ve Zamanı ("Ahmed Cevdet Pasha e jamaanu mum") ngam daranaade baaba makko e njanguuji politik. E nder ndeeɗoo golle, o anniyii ko hollirde dingiral politik caggal Doosgal ɗiɗmal ngal.

Daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe

Gaa gaa golle makko binndaaɗe, o winndii duuɓi sappo e tati hakkunde 1895 e 1908 e nder jaaynde Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete ("Jaaynde rewɓe")[14] ko fayti e hakkeeji rewɓe tawa o woppaani miijooji makko cemmbinɗi. Miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Emine Semiye Önasya (1864–1944), gooto e rewɓe Turki adanɓe,[3] ina jeyaa kadi e rewɓe hakkillaaji wonɓe e rewindaade jaaynde yaltunde laabi ɗiɗi e nder yontere. Ɓe mballiri kadi e Mehâsin mo fuɗɗii caggal njiimaandi sukaaɓe Turki en e hitaande 1908.[15]

E nder deftere makko wiyeteende Nisvan-i Islam ("Rewɓe Lislaam") bayyinde e hitaande 1896, Fatma Aliye hollitii ngonka rewɓe juulɓe e winndere hirnaange ndee. No winndirtee e lowre makko jaayndeeji nii, o daranii e nder ndee deftere aadaaji cemmbinɗi luulndiiɗi jikkuuji jamaanu ɗi o sosi e nder defte makko.

Neɗɗankaagal

Fatma Aliye kadi ina gollinoo e sadak. Caggal wolde Giriik e Turki, o sosi e hitaande 1897 fedde ballal « Nisvan-ı Osmaniye İmdat Cemiyeti » (« Fedde rewɓe Ottomaan en ngam ballal ») ngam wallitde ɓesnguuji soldateeɓe. Nde jeyaa ko e pelle rewɓe gadane e nder leydi hee. Ngam golle makko e neɗɗankaagal, o rokkaama njeenaari (Şefkat Nişanı) ndi Sultan Abdul Hamid II rokki mo e hitaande 1899.[16]

Yanaande Fatma Aliye Topuz to Cemetery Feriköy, Istanbul

Fatma Aliye wonti kadi debbo gadano tergal e « Osmanlı Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti » (Lewru boɗeeru Ottomaan). Yanti heen, o golliima e « Müdafaa-i Milliye Osmanlı Kadınlar Heyeti » (Goomu rewɓe Ottomaan en ngam ndeenka ngenndi), sosaango caggal wolde Itali e Turki e wolde Balkan en e kitaale 1910.

Duuɓi ɓennuɗi

Ɓiyiiko debbo tokooso biyeteeɗo Zübeyde İsmet naati diine kerecee en e hitaande 1926, o ummii leydi Turki ngam wontude debbo katolik Roma.[4] Fatma Aliye yahiino e kitaale 1920 laabi keewɗi to Farayse ngam yiylaade ɓiyum debbo kadi ngam cellal mum.[5] E hitaande 1928, o dañii jom suudu makko. Fatma Aliye ƴetti innde galle "Topuz" caggal nde sariya innde leydi Turki fuɗɗii, nde o waɗti ñalnde 21 lewru juko hitaande 1934. Nde o wuuri duuɓi makko cakkitiiɗi ɗii e nder cellal e caɗeele kaalis, o maayi ñalnde 13 lewru juko hitaande 1936 to Istanbul.[7]. ] O wirnaa ko to yanaande Feriköy.

Anndinde e luural

Rewrude e kaalis 50 lira (2009)

Hay so tawii Zafer Hanım winndii deftere mum Aşk-ı Vatan ("Yiɗde leydi") e hitaande 1877, duuɓi ko adii Fatma Aliye Hanım, o limtaaka e binndol debbo Turki gadano sabu deftere makko wootere tan yaltini.[7]

Natal Fatma Aliye ina hollira e ɓalewol kaalis 50 lira Turki yaltuɗo e hitaande 2009.[17] Kono tan, pellital Banke mawɗo Turki suɓaade mo ngam feeñde e debbo gadano mo meeɗaa teddineede, kadi ko debbo gadano binndoowo Turki, waɗii luural hakkunde yimɓe Turki en binndi e daartiyankooɓe.[2] Ɓeen ñaawooɓe ɓee mbiyi wonde winndooɓe rewɓe hono Halide Edib Adıvar walla Afet İnan mo jamaanu Republicain en ɓuri waawde faarnoraade kaalis banke mo natal Atatürk woni e dow mum, ɓuri Fatma Aliye, ƴellitnooɗo miijooji mum e hakkeeji rewɓe e nder ngonka sharia (sarɗi lislaam). ) e ɓe luulndii peeje Atatürk.[4]

Golle teskaaɗe

Defte

Muhazarat (1892) ("Kabaruuji nafooji")

Hayal ve Hakikat (1894) ("Koyɗol E Goonga")

Raf'et (1898)

Udi (1899) (« Luutoowo »)

Enin (1910) ("Nguurndam")

Levaih-i Hayat ("Dille nguurndam")

Firo

Meram (1890) e Farayse, deftere Georges Ohnet wiyeteende Volonté (1888)

Binndanɗe

Namdaran-ı Zenan-ı İslamıyan (1895) ("Rewɓe juulɓe lolluɓe")

Osmanlıda Kadın : "Cariyelik, Çokeşlilik, Moda" (1895) ("Rewɓe e nder laamu Ottomaan: 'Odalisque, Polygall, Mode'")

Wondude e Mahmuud Esad, Taaddüd-i Zevcat ("Debbo keewɗo")

Nisvan-ı İslam (1896) (« Rewɓe Lislaam ») Firo Farayse Les femmes muselmannes

Teracim-i-ahval-ı Felasife (1900) ("Nguurndam Filosof en") (2006) Çizgi Kitabevi, Konya. Tappirde. 153 kelle ISBN 975-8867-84-9[18]

Tedkik-i Ecsam (1901) ("Wiɗto geɗe")

Ahmed Cevdet Pasha e Zamanı (1914) ("Ahmed Cevdet Pasha e jamaanu mum")

Kosovo Zaferi / Ankara Hezimeti : Tarih-i Osmaninin Bir Devre-i Mühimmesi (1915) ("Nasaraaku to Kosovo / Jaalal to Ankara: jamaanu teeŋtuɗo e daartol Ottomaan")

Tuugnorgal

^ "Zafer Hanim'in Ask-i Vatan Romani". Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 lewru feebariyee 2012. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 5 mars 2016.

^ Jump up to: a b "50 liira" (e ɗemngal Turki). Haa jooni. 24 lewru Yarkomaa 2009. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 26 lewru Abriil 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c "Fatma Aliye'ning gölgesinde kala kardeşi". Haber7 (e ɗemngal Turki). 2009. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 23 abriil 2009.

^ Juppude haa: a b c Bayer, Yalçin (11 lewru Yarkomaa 2009). "Paralardaki Aliye Hanım..." (e ɗemngal Turki). Haa jooni. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 5 oktoobar 2017.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d e f Yuunus, Ceyda (28 mars 2008). "Fatma aliye kime uzak?" (e ɗemngal Turki). Miliyeet. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy 2009.

^ Farayse DeHaan; Anna Luutfi; Krasimira Daskalova, binndol. (2006). "Aaliye, Faatma (1862-1936)". Saggitorde nguurndam dille rewɓe e rewɓe: Orop hakkundeejo, fuɗnaange, e fuɗnaange-rewo, teeminannde 19ɓiire e 20ɓiire. Budapest; New York: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Orop hakkundeejo. ISBN 978-963-7326-39-4.

^ Juppu haa: a b c d "E-9 Lira Turki capanɗe joyi". TC Merkez banke. Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 17-04-2009. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy 2009.

^ Juppu haa: a b "Fatma Aliye Hanım" (e ɗemngal Turki). Edebiyat Öğretmeni. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy 2009.

^ Jump up to: a b c d "Fatma Aliye Hanın 70. Yılı" (e ɗemngal Turki). Birliği leydi Turki. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 3 mee 2009. [jokkondiral maayngal].

^ Juppude haa: a b "Zavallı Fatma Aliye Hanim" (e ɗemngal Turki). Zaman. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 12 abriil 2009. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 3 mee 2009.

^ Barbaroso, Fatma K. (31 oktoobar 2008). "PIONIER TURKI 'Fatma Aliye Hanım' Yonta gadano winndooɓe rewɓe Turki-2". Zaman hannde. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 17 noowammbar 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 3 mee 2009.

↑ Olkay, Turkan (2017). "Olga Lebedeva (Madam Gülnar): Fuɗnaange-rewo e firoyanke Riisi ina ƴattoo Ottomaan en". Slowo. 29 (2): 48. Dowlaaji 10.14324/111.0954-6839.065.

^ Barbaroso, Fatma K. (30 oktoobar 2008). "Pioneer Turki 'Fatma Aliye Hanım' Deftere nde alaa alluwal-1". Zaman hannde. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 22 lewru Yarkomaa 2019. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy 2009.

↑ Elif Akşit (2016). "Wontude suka debbo e nder defte Ottoman". To Suriya Faroxi; Halil Inalsik; Boğas Ergene (moƴƴinoowo). Cukaagu e nder laamu Ottomaan cakkitiiɗo e caggal mum. Politik, Renndo e Faggudu. Leyden; Boston: Ɓoornugol. p. 103. ISBN 978-90-04-29312-0. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctt1w8h1jx.9.

^ Ozgün Uçar (lewru suwee 2022). "Mehâsin: Resimli-renkli e 'kadınlara mahsus' ilk dergi". Tarih Dergi (e ɗemngal Turki). Keɓtinaama ñalnde 27 abriil 2023.

^ "Medaal Ottoman ngam debbo 'yurmeende' Angalteer ngam yahde les martolin". Hurriyet Kabaruuji ñalnde kala. 24 lewru Yarkomaa 2015.

^ "Kaalis TL ina jogori huutoreede e hitaande 2009". Kabaaru ñalnde kala leydi Turki. 15 suwee 2006. Moƴƴinaama e asli mum ñalnde 30 suwee 2007. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 28 suwee 2006.

^ "Kitabevi, Konya, lewru mee 2006". Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 22-01-2009. Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 26/04/2009.

Bibliografi

Ahmed Midaat. Fatma Aliye Hanım yahud Bir Muharrire-i Osmaniye'nin Neşeti (1893) (Laamɗo Fatma Aliye walla jibineede winndiyanke Ottomaan) Bedia Ermat firti ɗum e ɗemngal Turki Ottomaan. Tappirde (1994) Sel Yayinsilik, Istanbul. 96p. ISBN 975-570-009-9 [1].

Barbarooji, Fatma Karabiik. Fatma Aliye: Leydi woɗɗundi - Debbo gadano binndoowo e nder winndere juulɓe Timas Publishing. Deftere tuugniinde e daartol nguurndam makko.

Çakır,Serpil, Saggitorde nguurndam dille rewɓe e rewɓe - Orop hakkundeejo, fuɗnaange e worgo-fuɗnaange, Teeminannde 19ɓiire e 20ɓiire - Aliye, Fatma (1862–1936). pp. 21-24. (2006). 678 h. 963-7326-39-1 9789637326394

Frierson, Elizabeth B., Renndo Usmaanuuji cakkitiiɗi - Lefol hakkille - Rewɓe e nder daartol hakkillaaji Otomaan en cakkitiiɗi. 135-161 (2005) Routledge, mo Elisabet Ozdalga winndi. 348 p. ISBN 0-415-34164-7 ISBN 9780415341646

Mende-Altayli, Rana von (2010) ed.: Faatima Aliyye / Mahmuud Esad: Ta’addüd-i Zevcat Zeyl – Jokkugol jeewte ko faati e dewgal keewngal. Version Turki jamaanu, binndol e faksimile. E naatgol Rana e Mende-Altayli. 177 p. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, ISBN 978-3-87997-376-7

Jokkondire yaajɗe

Jaayɗe jowitiiɗe e Fatma Aliye Topuz to Wikimedia Commons