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Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons

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Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons
ɓii aadama
Jinsudebbum Taƴto
InndeGwendolyn Taƴto
Ɗuubi daygo1944 Taƴto
Sana'ajijannginoowo Taƴto
EmployerUniversity of Florida Taƴto
Janngi toTemple University, Spelman College Taƴto
Participant inStudent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Taƴto
Oral history atStuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library Taƴto

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons (jibinaa ko ñalnde 9 ut 1944 e innde Gwendolyn Robinson) ko Ameriknaajo daraniiɗo golle, ganndo pentiiɗo. O wonii jannginoowo mawɗo emerita to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Florida gila o woppi golle e hitaande 2019. Wiɗtooji makko ina njiyloo feminism lislaam e batte sariya sharia e rewɓe juulɓe.[2] Ko o daraniiɗo hakkeeji siwil, o woniino tergal e Goomu toppitiingu ko fayti e almudɓe (SNCC) e ngenndi lislaam (NOI).[3]

O heɓi ballal keewngal, ina jeyaa heen ballal Fulbright, ballal USAID, e ballal to nokku wiɗtooji fuɗnaange to Amerik.[4][5]

Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol

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Gwendolyn Robinson jibinaa ko e hitaande 1944 to Memphis, to Tennessee, ɗo o jibinaa e neene makko Baptist (mo wonnoo ko jom jawdi en, yumma mum ko maccuɗo),[6][7] Robinson jibinaa ko e ganndal ɓesngu mum daartol e laabi ɗi maccungaagu e ndonu mum toɗɗii.[8] Ɓesngu makko ina teddini mo, ina hirjina mo ngam jokkude jaŋde, o woni gadano e nder galle makko yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde.[9]

Simmons winnditii e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Spelman e hitaande 1962. Caggal nde o fuɗɗii janngude, o noddiraa ko gardiiɗo almudɓe, o miijii wonde gaasa makko ko huunde "hersiniinde" e duɗal ngal e ko ngal ɗaminii wonde almudɓe ina poti "waɗde no moƴƴi".[ 10] Ɗuum wonata ko gooto e luure keewɗe ɗe Simmons heɓi e laamu Spelman nde tawnoo naatgol makko e golle almudɓe fuɗɗiima ɓeydaade. E hitaande 1989, Simmons timmini B.A. to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Antioch, ɗo o janngi ko faati e golle aadee. O yahi haa o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Temple, o heɓi M.A. e Ph.D. e nder diine tawa ina teskaa e lislaam, e seedantaagal jaŋde leslesre e nder jaŋde rewɓe. O winndi deftere makko ko fayti e "Batte sariya shari'a e nguurndam rewɓe e nder leydi Jordani e Palestiin."[4]