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Kolori dam

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Kolori Dam ɗon nder Sokoto State nder lesdi Nigeria. Ɗum timmini nder 1978 nden nder hitaande 1981 nden, ndiyam ndiyam maako boo heewi. Ɗum woni ko'e ndiyam mawɗo dow maayo Sokoto, ko'e nder maayo Rima, ko'o hokkata ndiyam Niijer. ndiyam diga dam ɗon hokkata kolori irrigation project.[1]

Dam ina woodi limgal 450 liyaar mita kubik, e daande ndiyam ɓesngu huutoraaki haare 8,000 ha, ɓesngu 19 km ( mi) dow maayo.[2]

Garnude dam waɗi remooɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗata hay leydi feere malla ceede jawdi. Yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe maayi nder ngam ɓe maayi ko ɓe nguurndam.[3] Landu ndu waɗi anndude bana misaalu kulol ɓamtaare.[4]

Fiko[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]

Sokoto River ɗon ƴiwo nder lesdi Sudan Savannah nder lesdi Nigeria. Wurooji ɗi anndaa ko anndaa, diga 500 mm haa 1,300 mm hitaande nder wakkati June haa Septemba. Ka yeeso haɓɓugo dam, yimɓe 50,000 nder nder ndiyam Sokoto fuɗɗiima haɓɓugo, ɓe ɗon mari kuugal fuɗnaaki, ɓe ɗon ɓeya arsaa e sorghum nder sahaa fuɗnaaku, e ɓe ɗon ɓeyi ko'e leɗɗe bana so'a, gargoor e tamata nder sahaa huutore.[1] Lamuɓe ɗuuɗɓe naftiri e kuuɗe Shadoof ngam ɓe ummi ndiyam diga maayo ngam ɓe mburtina nder nder nder nder ndiyamji. Debbo'en nder purdah ɗon mbaɗata kuuɗe nder fannu, ammaa ɓe ɗon mari hakkiloji jaɓugo e wallude nder kuugal. Debbo'en ɓe ɓe ɗonno nder yaasi ɗon kuuwa nder lamndol.[2] Fuu leydi ndii ɗon mari yimɓe ɓe mbaɗata ɗum'en, walaa goɗɗum ko ɓe mbaɗataa.[1]

Limooɓe nder nokkuure nden, ɓe ɗon njooɗugo nder nder nder nderji, ɓe ɓurdi ɓeydaago ngam foofugo risku diga ɓe ɓeyda ɓeydaaki. Fannu ndu ɗon haani ha nder sahaaji sahaaji, e yiɗde ndiyam je ɗon haani ɗum gooto e daliila haɓɓugo dam.[1]

Fuuɗuki[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]

Nder 1969, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) waɗi habaru dow darnde ngam darnde dam e darnde darnde darnuki nder Talata Mafara, bee darnde darnduki dow ndiyam ngam darnde. Fedde FAO nder warugo haala nde hollitii muhimminki laabi laabi ɗi ngaɗata hujja ɓurɗum ha hujja dow laabi huutoreeji leydi, nder fannu ngam walaa anndal nder kuuje ha nder nokkuure. Nder hitaande 1971 laamu lesdi Nigeria noddi suɓaaji ngam suɓaaje e hakkilantaaku nder nder nder nder hitaande 1972, hokki golle to Impressit Bakolori Nigeria, maral ngal 60% ha laamu lesdi Nigeria e 40% ha maral Fiat. Nder wakkati jannguki 1972 haa 1974, laabi maral ngal ɓeydi haa hawti e damma mawɗo go'o e laabi mawɗi nder sistemji naange masin. Lardooɓe gariiri naa' ɓe haajinaama nder nder nder nder kuugal jaaynde nden, nden walaa kuugal jaayngal ngal waɗata dow ɓaawo.[1]

Maaki[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]

Maaki damma fuɗɗii nder hitaande 1974 nden timmi nder hitaande 1978, caggal ɗum waɗi duuɓi tati ngam limgal damma. Dam woni dow dow dow dow leydi, e daande leydi, e nder suudu ɓernde e nder njamndi, e daare e nder njanngirde e nder njanndi, e nder daande e nder daare e daande e daande 48 m, e nder nder daande daande ndiyam e nder dabare daande 3 MW. Luttuɗe e canalji ji'am naa' ɓe timmini haa 1983 e ɓe ɗon hawta bee haaki 23,000 tan ha haaki 30,000 ha haaki diga fuɗɗam. ndiyam ɗon wurtina haa haaktorji 15,000 bee haaktorje 8,000 bee haaktarji gravity. Fuuɗe njamndi ɗon mari ceede, ammaa ɓe naftira ndiyam ɓurɗum to ɓe njamndiɗum. Caggal ɓeydaago ceede, kuugal naange waɗi nder kuugal ɓurɗo boɗeeji e haaktere nder duuniyaaru.[1]

Maɓɓugo dam, bee landing, clearing e canal construction halki laamuuji be leɗɗe. Yimɓe gariiri ɓe laati ɓeen laamiiɓe ɓe walaa leydi. Yimɓe ɓurɓe fuu ɓe keɓataa ceede, koo ɓe hokki leydi ɗe ɓe mbaawaa. Yimɓe jooɗiiɓe ɓe ɓe mbaɗi ɓe nganndi ko ɓe anndaa bana buroodi.[2] Nder maɓɓugo maɓɓugo, remooɓe nokku ɗon ɓe mbaawaa ko ɓe mbaadi ngam ɓe njooɗugo duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi. Nde ɓe kawti e yimɓe ɓe ɗon holla nder lewru Noofambar 1979, gomnaaku Sokoto, Shehu Kangiwa, waɗi alkawal ngam haɓɓugo ko ɓe ɗon haɓɓana fuu. Ammaa, nder 28 abriil 1980 polis ɓe ɗon hawta dow yimɓe ɓe ɓe ngalaa jawdi ɓe mbari yimɓe 380 diga maɓɓe. Dowla ɗon maaki nyau ndu, ɗon wi'a 25 tan maayi.[3]

Fuuɗuki dow ndiyam[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]

Yimɓe ɓe ɗon mari ndiyam nder lesdi ɓe ɗon mari maayo ɓe ɗon mari nguleeki ndiyam ɓaawo wakkati ɓesngu, ngam ɓe ɗon ɓeyda ɓaawo wakkati ɓe ɗon mari lesdi.[5] Yimɓe huutoraade dam naa' ɓe ɗon hakkiilo ngam ngam ngam ɓe ɗon hokkata ndiyam haa wakkatiji naa' haani.[6] Dam ngal ɓeydiima ɓeydaaki ɓeydaani e ɓeydaandi, wakkati e ɓeydagol ndiyam nder wakkati sahaaji ndiyam.[5][7] Ɗum ɓeydi ɗuuɗal ndiyam je ɗon haandi ngam lamnduki, ngam ndiyam ɗuuɗal nder nokkuure je ɗon mari masin e je ɗon mari mari mari mari ɓeydaaki ngam ɓeydaago.[2] Nder nokkuuje dow ndiyam, nder nder leydi haaki 19,000 ha, damma waɗi haaki 7,000 ha haaki dabareeji e 5,000 ha haaki 5,000 haaki haaki.[7] Ɗu'um majjum fuɗɗii ɓesdaaki ngam ɓeydaaki nder ɓeydaago nder ɓeydagol maaki e sorghum, ammaa yimɓe 12,000 ɓe ɗon ɓootira.[8] Lottaji ɗi laamu nder laamu fuɗnaama e US$7 million hitaande fuu.[9]

Fedde jaɓɓorgo e jaɓɓorgal[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]

Dammugal ngal ina woodi nokkuure cukalel to bannge maayo, ɗum waɗi ko haɗi ha ɓesngu nokkuure ɓesngu e ɓesngu nder leƴƴi ɗuuɗɗi. ndiyam ɗam ɗon ɓeyda, ɗon woodi ɓiyɗe leydi ɗon ɗon ɓeydi bana maɓɓugo jayngol e halki ɓeydaaki leɗɗe ndiyam ɗi ndiyam ɗam ɗam ɗon mari nyaamdu. Ɗuum ɗon sakkinta potal nder nder nder nder ndiyam ngam nyaamugo leƴƴi.[10] Dammugal ngal ɗon ɓeyda ɓeydaago diga maayo e nder maayoji e nder nder ndiyamji.[11] Nder nokkuure je je jeji, ndiyamji jeji jejiji jeji e jeji jejeji jeji ɗon jeji waɗi jeji, je je je jeɗɗi jeji, ɗe jeji feerootiri feerootiral. Ɗe woodi nyauɓe ɓurɓe ɓeydaade nder ndiyam.[2] Caggal ngam huutoreeji haɓɓuki feere feere feere feere be cukale, sorghum e groundnuts fuɗnaaki bana non ngam saɗugo cukale cukale nden be sarɗi cukale je'e.[12]

Ha 2003, sistemji sprinkler ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon maaki, be haaki 7,500 tan ɗon ɗon maami, ɓurna fuu ngam rice, bee huutugo ndiyamji je ɗon haaki gravity.[13] Luttuɗum ɗon haa ɓaawo. Yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe ɓe njogii nder gure.[14] Kolori dam waɗi ɓeydaaki 53% nder nokkuure je'e je'e.[15]

Mawɓe jaabawol dow huutoreeji njanngooji ɗi UNESCO wurtini nder hitaande 1988 ɓe mbi'i "ngam jaabawol jaayɗe ɓurɗe fuu dow kuugal Kolori footi ɓeydaaki ɓeydaago dow kalkal ngal ɓe jaɓa".[16]

Kootol[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0305750X9390121O
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 MOHAMMED KUTA YAHAYA (2002). "DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES OF BAKOLORI IRRIGATION PROJECT IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA" (PDF). Nordic Journal of African Studies. 11 (3): 411–430. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Displacement and the politics of violence in Nigeria. BRILL. 1997. p. 76. ISBN 90-04-10876-9.
  4. ↑ David Anderson; Richard H. Grove (1990). Conservation in Africa: Peoples, Policies and Practice. Cambridge University Press. p. 312. ISBN 0-521-34990-7.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Adams, W.M. (September 1993). "Development's deaf ear: Downstream users and water releases from the Bakolori Dam, Nigeria". World Development. 21 (9): 1405–1416. doi:10.1016/0305-750X(93)90121-O.
  6. ↑ Scudder, Thayer (2005). The future of large dams: dealing with social, environmental, institutional and political costs. Earthscan. p. 236. ISBN 1-84407-155-3.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20120225071601/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/eianew/eia/dams%20and%20development/kbase/contrib/soc195.pdf
  8. ↑ Adams, William Mark (2001). Green development: environment and sustainability in the Third World. Routledge. p. 231. ISBN 0-415-14766-2.
  9. ↑ http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/28/000333037_20080328012434/Rendered/PDF/263270NWP0REPL10Wetlands0Management.pdf
  10. ↑ http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/T1230E/T1230E08.htm
  11. ↑ http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/T1230E/T1230E06.htm#ch4.1
  12. ↑ M.O.E. Orode (1984-11-09). Tropical grain legume bulletin, Issue 28. International Grain Legume Information Centre. p. 88.
  13. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20081116122312/http://www.usaid.gov/ng/downloads/markets/irrigated_rice_study_report.pdf
  14. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110604105506/http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/student/2005/theme.asp
  15. ↑ https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/wise_use_of_wetlands_-_g._e._hollis_m._m._holland_e._maltby_and_j._s._larson.pdf
  16. ↑ G. E. Hollis; M. M. Holland; E. Maltby & J. S. Larson (January–March 1988). Wise Use of Wetlands (PDF). Nature and Resources. XXIV. UNESCO.
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