Lubna mo Kordoba

Lubna mo Kordoba

ɓii aadama

Jinsu	debbum
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku	al-Andalus
Inditirde	لبنى
Innde	Lubna
Ɗuubi daygo	10. century
Ɗoforde	Ugu
Date of death	10. century
Place of death	Carmona
Ɗemngal	Arabic
Wolde	Arabic
Sana'aji	intellectual, librarian, mathematician
Field of work	poet, teacher
Employer	Al-Hakam II
Janngi to	unknown value
Lenyol	Spaniards
Social classification	enslaved person

Lubna mo Kordoba (Lubna Al-Qortobia, e ɗemngal Arab: لبنى القرطبية) ko ganndo, hiisiwal, yimoowo Andalusianaajo feccere ɗimmere teeminannde 10ɓiire, ganndiraaɗo moƴƴere binndol mum e ƴellitaare mum e gannde.[1] Lubna jibinaa ko e maccungaagu, o mawni ko e nder galle laamorɗo Madīnat al-Zahrā.[2] Ndeen o jokki golle e nder galle laamorɗo oo, omo jeyaa e fedde Al-Hakam II, koppiiji.[3]

Nguurndam adanɗam

Ko seeɗa tan anndaa e nehdi Lubna, ko ɓuri heewde e nate gonɗe heen ɗee ko miijooji daartiyankooɓe e annduɓe tuugiiɗi e geɗe rewɓe wonɓe e darnde makko wootere e nder yontaaji teeminannde 11ɓiire to Al-Andalus.[4]

Lubna jibinaa ko e nder Madīnat al-Zahrā, e les laamu kaliifa Abd al-Rahman III, puɗɗinoongu e hitaande 929. E nder laamu makko, limoore maccuɓe e nder Kordoba ɓeydiima, Lubna ina jeyaa e maɓɓe gila e jibinannde mum.[2]. [5]

José Miguel Puerta Vílchez, mo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Granada, wiyi wonde baaba Lubna ko kaliifa Abdu Rahmaan III, ɗum noon ina addana mo wonde gooto e ɓiɓɓe makko rewɓe sappo e jeegom.[6] Hay so tawii binndanɗe ina kollita inɗe ɓiɓɓe makko worɓe 11, inɗe ɓiɓɓe makko rewɓe ɓee ina keddii e winndaade, so wonaa ɓiɓɓe rewɓe Hind e Wallada.[7] Ɓiɓɓe kaliifa ɓee ɓuri heewde ko yumma mum en maccuɓe e nder galle laamɗo oo; yeru gooto ko Al-Hakam II, ɓiy Abd al-Rahman III, ronooɓe jappeere laamu, jibinaaɗo e Marjan, mawni e nder galle laamorɗo, yahri yeeso e golloraade Lubna e nder defterdu.[8][9][1] 10]

Lubna ina sikka ina joginoo jaŋde moƴƴere e nder nguurndam mum fof ngam waawde wonde caggal ɗuum ganndo e ganndo e nder galle kaliifa.[5] Yanti heen, won heen ko diineeji mbaɗi ko ɓuri heewde e golle jannginde, rimɗinde, e gollinde maccuɓe e les njiimaandi juulɓe.[11]

Kugal

Lubna fuɗɗii ko e binndol defterdu Al-Hakam II, ummiiɗo e laamu kaliifa e hitaande 961.[12]

E wiyde daartol aarabeeɓe[ko?], e jamaanu Kaliifa Al-Hakam II, ko ina ɓura 170 debbo jannguɗo ina mbaawi taweede e won e gure wuro ngoo ; ɓeen rewɓe ngonnoo ko e waɗde koppiiji binndanɗe nafooje.[13] Ɗuum ina rokka miijo e pinal e darnde rewɓe e laamu Kaliifa.[14]

Al-Hakam II rewi e laawol baaba mum, o woppi Lubna, o toɗɗii ɗum binndoowo makko jooɗiiɗo e ganndo.[5] Ina jeyaa e golle keewɗe, Lubna kadi ina joginoo defterdu, ndu o woni karallo sabu humpito makko e binndol binndanɗe ɗe o joginoo.[15]

Lubna ina jeyaa e ko famɗi fof 100 neɗɗo ɓe Al-Hakam II rimɗini e maccungaagu hade mum e caggal maayde mum. So tawiino o rokkaama kaayitaaji bayyinooji ndimaagu makko, o jeyaa ko e renndo "ndimaagu" (mawla, mawali) renndo juulɓe. E nder teeminannde 11ɓiire Al-Andalus, ko huunde nde heewaani yiyeede, wonnooɓe maccuɓe laamɗo ina keɓa darnde laamu, tee ina keewi hoolaade ko ɓuri politikaaji nokkuuji ɗii.[4][5]

E nder defterdu Córdoba, Lubna ina joginoo fijirde, winndude e firo binndanɗe keewɗe. O janngii ɗeen binndanɗe, o winndi heen firooji e teskuyaaji nafooji. Won e binndanɗe ɗee ina njeyaa heen binndanɗe Arkimedes e Euclid.[5] E wondude e Hasdai ibn Shaprut, ko kanko woni doole sosde defterdu lollundu Madiina Azahara, ndu ko famɗi fof 400 000 deftere.[16][17]

Doktoor Joyce E. Salisbury, mo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wisconsin, to Green Bay, siftinii jokkondiral Lubna e renndo ngo caggal mahe galle laamorɗo. O janngini sukaaɓe hiisa, nde o arti e nder galle laamorɗo, ɓe njokka e makko e janngude taƴe limto.[5]

O jeyaa kadi ko e saggitorde nguurndam annduɓe Espaañ lislaam, ‘Jokkude daartol ganndal al-Andalus’ (Kitāb al-ṣila fī taʾrīkh aʾimmat al-Andalus, Arab: كتفق وأحدلسدهم )اريخ أثائمة .[18] Ɗoo o siforaama ko "winndiyanke hakkille, ganndo grammar, jimoowo, ganndo hiisa, kuuɓtodinɗo e jaŋde makko; hay gooto e nder galle laamorɗo oo wonaano tedduɗo no makko nii...",[4] ko o jogiiɗo "ganndal mawngal e hiisa e gannde goɗɗe kadi",[11] e wonde ganndo gannde laaɓtuɗe, e mbaawka safrude "caɗeele joometiri e aljebra ɓurɗe saɗtude anndaaɗe e jamaanu makko."[19]

Naamne ko faati e anndinde

Naamne keewɗe ina ngoodi jowitiiɗe e ngonka Lubna e darnde mum e nder defterdu e galle laamorɗo Madīnat al-Zahrā.

Hay so tawii noon mbaydiiji innde makko ina tawee e nder daartol ceertungol, ina kawri no feewi to bannge sahaa, nokku, e darnde e nder galle laamorɗo.[4] Lubna tawaama kadi e inɗe Labna, Labanna/Labana,[19] Libana,[20] e Labona[21] e nder daartol ceertungol.

No winndiyanke Kamila Shamsie holliri nii, "Ko nanndi e laaɓal e Lubna mo Cordoba ko wonde o jokkondirii e galle laamorɗo oo e aduna defte ɗee fof e laamu al-Hakam II, kadi o wonnoo ko maantiniiɗo haa o siftortee e makko."

hakkille e janngude."[4] O hollitii kadi wonde Lubna ɓuri waawde wonde ko maccuɗo e nder galle laamorɗo, o seerti e miijo ngo Lubna woni Faatimiyanke noddaango e galle laamorɗo ngam heɓde defte keertiiɗe.

Ko o binndoowo keeriiɗo Al-Hakam II, daartol Lubna wonde kam e golle defterdu nduu e keɓgol defte to Kayhayɗi, Damas e Bagdaad, wonata ko huunde nde waawataa waɗde, sibu o foti ko yaltude defterdu nduu e ɓanndu makko e nder dumunna juutɗo e wakkati yahdu.[5]

Shamsie wiyi wonde Lubna ina waawi wonde rewɓe ɗiɗo ceertuɓe, Lubna e Faatima – ɓe kawri e debbo gooto sabu daartoowo toppitiiɗo oo waawaano faamde wonde ina woodi rewɓe ɗiɗo annduɓe e nder ñaawirdu wooturu.[22] Lubna e Faatima ina ciforee wonde yimɓe ɗiɗo ceertuɓe e nder daartol keewngol, ko wayi no e nder daartol Espaañ lislaam ngol Syed Azizur Rahmad winndi [23] e “La corteza de la letra” ngol Marietta Gargatagli winndi.

Njawdi

Laabi gooto to Kordoba inniraama e hitaande 2019, Avenida Escriba Lubna, ngam siftorde golle makko e koppi. O jeyaa ko e rewɓe capanɗe tato e tato anndiraaɓe e nder eɓɓoore porfeseer Inmaculada Serrano Hernández, "Mujeres en las Calles de Córdoba" (‘Rewɓe e nder laabi Kordoba’).[25] Eɓɓoore ndee sosaa ko e ballondiral e Casa Árabe, e Catal jannginooɓe Kordoba, e Duɗal Andaluz e Mujer, e Ayuntamiento Kordoba ƴelliti ɗum.[26][27]

Naalanke oo, hono Jose Luis Munoz, waɗii natal mum Lubna. Sereeji makko ina njokki e yimɓe jeegom teeŋtuɓe e jamaanu Al-Andalus.[28] Natal Lubna ina tawee e koolol duumingol La Casa de Sefarad to Kordoba.[29]

Essay to BBC Radio 3 hollirii yeewtere ko faati e yonta kaŋŋe lislaam. E nder yeewtere wootere, winndiyanke biyeteeɗo Kamila Shamsie ina yuurnitoo nguurndam Lubna mo Kordoba [30].

Daartoowo e winndiyanke Espaañnaajo biyeteeɗo Jorge Lorente Pérez ina siftina nguurndam Lubna mo Kordoba e nder daartol mum « Tablo keewal ngal alaa keerol » (LORENTE PÉREZ, Jorge : « La tabla de multiplicaire infinite », 101 relatos de la enseñanza, Vinatea, Valencia420 -48, 978-84-127468-6-0).

Tuugnorgal

• Olivier Gaudefroy: Lubna, koppi kordo. Turki, 2019.
• Shabbas, Odri (1991). Renaissance gadano e nder Orop: Espaañ lislaam. AWAIR.
• Fletcher, R (1993). Espaañ moori. Los Angeles: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Kaliforni. p. 71.
• Shamsie, Kamila (3 mars 2016). "Defterdu, murtuɓe, jom jawdi en, jiyaaɓe: Rewɓe e nder al-Andalus". Jaaynde binndol caggal koloñaal. 52 (2): 178-188. Doi: 10.1080/17449855.2016.1164968. ISSN 1744-9855. S2CID 147845243.
• Salisbury, Joyce E. "Konooɓe, laamɓe, e annduɓe: rewɓe mawɓe 36 ko adii hitaande 1400". Haawnaaki.
• Puerta Vilches, Jose Miguel (2013). Miijooji e Qurtuba e Teeminannde 21ɓiire. Casa Arabe. pp. 29-68.
• Imamuuddin, S. M. (1962). "'ABD AL-RAḤMĀN AL-NĀṢIR ƊAƊƊI ƊAƊƊI: ƊAƊƊI ƊI ƊI ƊI ƊI ƊAƊƊI". Jannde Lislaam. 1 (3): 105-115. ISSN 0578-8072. JSTOR 20832645.
• Ansonson, Glaire D. (2015). Perle e dow ŋoral: Naalankooɓe, Patrons, e Yimɓe to Ñaawirɗe Lislaam mawɗe. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Washington. pp. 29-45. ISBN 9780295995243.
• Ruggles, D. F. (2004). "Yumma'en Laamu Hibriid: Iwdi, Taariindi, e Aadaaji nder al-Andalus". Jaaynde ganndal hakkundeewal e fuɗɗoode jamaanu. 34 (1): 65-94. Doi:10.1215/10829636-34-1-65. ISSN 1082-9636. S2CID 170890527.
• "'Abd al-Rahmaan III | Jaŋde taariindi goonga". dbe.rah.es. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 8 abriil 2022.
• Ismaa’il, Rabiya (lewru mee 2019). "Lislaam e Jaŋde". Jaaynde UCG (45489): 375-377 – rewrude e damal wiɗto.
• Kassis, Hanna (1 lewru Yarkomaa 1999). Gorko mo kaɓirɗe keewɗe, mo ƴaañii Full Laabi Keewɗi. Budapest, Hong Kong: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Orop hakkundeejo. 160 haa 166. ISBN 978-963-9116-67-2.
• Belle, Jo (2021). Ñalnde heen o : waɗtude rewɓe e daartol, ñalawma gooto e sahaa gooto. Tania Hershman, Ailsa Hollande. Londres. p. 126. ISBN 978-1-78946-271-5. OCLC 1250378425.
• Martos, A (2008). Daartol jamaanu hakkundeejo ko fayti e jikkuuji e erotism. Madriid: Jooni noon.
• Pilarska, ko Justina; Seler, Alisiya; Urbanek, Arkadiyus (22 suwee 2016). Atomisaasiyoŋ walla Naatgol? Geɗe hakkunde keeri e nder Multipedagogi. Jaaynde annduɓe Cambridge. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-4438-9543-9.
• Martos, A (2013). Daartol juutngol Al-Andalus. Madriid: Jooni noon.
• Suzuki, Jeff (27 ut 2009). Hiisawal e nder daartol. MAA. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-88385-570-6.
• Tomaa, D.; Mallett, A. (1 lewru Yarkomaa 2011). Ibnu Baskuwaal. Brill. 10.1163/ej.9789004195158.i-804.270. ISBN 978-90-04-21616-7.
• Alhassani, Salim (11 feebariyee 2020). "Darnde rewɓe e nder siwil lislaam ɓooyɗo: ganndal, safaara e politik". Ndonu juulɓe. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 30 mars 2022.
• "LIBAANA - Ko fayti e Libanaa". libana.com. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 11 abriil 2022.
• "Rewɓe e ganndal - Oxford Jannde Islaam e internet". 1 feebariyee 2018. Arsiwiraa ko e asli mum ñalnde 1 feebariyee 2018. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 11 lewru abriil 2022.
• Hersman, Tania; Hollande, Ailsa; Bell, Jo (18 lewru feebariyee 2021). E Oo Ñalawma O: Waɗde Rewɓe E Daartol, Ñalawma gooto E Wakkati. John Bilaak. LATI