Malak Hifni Nasif

ɓii aadama
Jinsu	debbum
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku	Ottoman Empire, Sultanate of Egypt
Inditirde	ملك حفني ناصف
Innde	Malak
Pseudonym	Bahithat al-Badiya
Soomoore	باحثة البادية
Ɗuubi daygo	25 Bowte 1886
Ɗoforde	Al-Jamāliyah
Date of death	17 Yarkomaa 1918
Place of death	Cairo
Manner of death	natural causes
Cause of death	1918-1920 flu pandemic
Place of burial	City of the Dead
Wolde	Arabic
Writing language	Arabic
Sana'aji	writer, poet, teacher
Diina	Diina Lislaama

Malak Hifni Nasif (25 desaambar 1886 – 17 oktoobar 1918) ko debbo Ejiptnaajo, ballitooɗo no feewi e haalaaji hakkilantaagal e politik jowitiiɗi e yahrude yeeso rewɓe Misra e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire.

Nguurndam neɗɗo

Malak jibinaa ko to Kayhayɗi e hitaande 1886 e nder galle hakkundeejo ; yumma makko wiyetee ko Saniyya Abdul Karim Jalaal, baaba makko wiyetee ko Hifni Bey Nasiif, awokaa, jibinannde Muhammadu Abduuh. E sahaa gooto ko almuudo Al-Afghani, Nasir ko binnduɗo defte keewɗe kuutorteeɗe e nder duɗe Misra, omo jeyaa e joy siifondirɓe e binndol Kayhayɗi 1342.

Baaba Malak ina hirjina mo ngam janngude e jokkude jaŋde toownde. Nde o mawni, o heewi janngude yimre aarabeere, o fucfcfii winndude e nder waktuuji makko 65 Malak kadi mawni ko e jokkondiral tiiɗngal e pinal Misra, baaba makko ina janngina mo ɗemngal aarabeeɓe e pinal aarabeere gila e cukaagu makko. 184 [laɓɓingol ina haani].

Malak jeyaa ko e jaŋde adannde e nder duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe to duɗal leslesal Abbas e hitaande 1901. O jokki jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Saniyyah, ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji makko e dow jaŋde toownde e hitaande 1903.[4]: 73 Malak arti to Duɗal Abbas ngam jannginde duuɓi ɗiɗi. O dogi o woppi golle nde o resi Abd al-Satar al-Basil Pasha e hitaande 1907. E oon sahaa, sariya Misra ina haɗi rewɓe jannginde tawa ina resndaa. E oon sahaa, Malak yahdi e al-Basil to al-Fayyum, e nder jeereende, o fuɗɗii winndude e innde fenaande Bahithat al-Badiya. 65 Ko ɗoon o anndi gorko makko ina joginoo debbo e cukalel. Jaɓɓugol ngol o heɓi e al-Basil, kam e teskagol ngol o waɗi e rewɓe woɗɓe, addani mo winndude e miijo e ko laaɓti e ngonka rewɓe e nder leydi Ejipt.65 O jokkondirii no feewi e winndooɓe woɗɓe e sehilaaɓe, ko wayi no hono May Ziadah, e o jaabtii e binndol worɓe mawɓe e oon sahaa, hono Qasim Amin.66 Malak jooɗii e al-Basil duuɓi 11 haa o maayi e ñawu nguu e hitaande 1918, e nder sahaa nde ñawu nguu heɓtii e winndere ndee.

Binndanɗe rewɓe

Malak wuuri ko e leydi Ejipt e sahaa nde yeewtere hakkilantaagal e politik ɓeydotoo, ko fayti e ngonka rewɓe e nder renndo. Ooɗoo sahaa ina waɗi fiyooɓe mawɓe hono Huuda Sha’arawi, Qasim Amin, Nabawiyya Muusa, e woɗɓe heewɓe. E nder oon sahaa gooto, miijooji ngenndiyaŋkooɓe e aadaaji ina njahra yeeso ina ngarta e miijooji ceertuɗi ina njuɓɓinee ko fayti e ko fayti e Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. Ɗee jeewte ɗiɗi ina njokkondiri no feewi, ina njogii jokkondire mawɗe. Malak naati e ndee kaaldigal, hollitii "eɓɓoore mum ngam moƴƴinde" ngam jaŋngo Ejipt. Malak fuɗɗii yaltinde golle mum ko e Al Jarida, jaaynde mawnde lannda Umma.Malak kadi ina heewi haalde e nder duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder galleeji lannda Umma. E hitaande 1909, o yaltini Al-Nisa’iyyat, deftere nde o winndi e jeewte makko keewɗe e binndanɗe makko E ɗeen peeje, o ƴetti daande makko ngam ɓamtaare rewɓe. Miijooji feministeeji ɓurɗi

mawnude e oon sahaa ina keewi jokkondirde e yahrude yeeso rewɓe e Hirnaange e yahdu feewde e renndo ɓurngo nanndude e Orop.[3]: 784 Rewɓe hono Huda Sha'rawi ina mballita e golle ko wayi no feeñninde, ina teskaa wonde golle ɗee ina mbaɗi " progress" feewde e winndere ɓurnde Orop, ɓurnde rimɗude wonande rewɓe. 174 Malak nanondirii e won e tolnooji e yontaaji mum, kono kadi ina sikkaa ko kañum jibini miijooji mum asliiji e ɗeen geɗe. Miijooji makko ina keewi luurdude e jokkere enɗam mawnde hakkunde hirnaange e rewɓe ; o hawritii rewo-rewo e lislaam e aadaaji, o wiyi wonde ko hawrude e ɗiin ɗiɗi tan addanta rewɓe yahrude yeeso.174 O hollitii ɗeen miijooji e binndol e geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe, ko wayi no udditgol, dewgal, e jaŋde.

Udditgol

E nder fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, rewɓe heewɓe eliteeji puɗɗiima huutoraade udditgol, walla ittude ɓoggi yeeso mum en e yeeso yimɓe, ngam maande feminism. Winndooɓe hono Qasim Amin ina kaɓa e udditgol ko feere ngam rewɓe hollirde doole mum en e ndimaagu mum en. 184 Malak noon, ina luulndii udditgol, o sikkaani so ina foti huutoreede e oon sifaa. O sikki ko heewi e rewɓe ɓurɓe alɗude ɓee, ɓe peeñninaani, ina mbaɗa ɗum sabu ɓe njiɗi ko yiɗde ndimaagu, walla sabu ɓe njiɗi ko ɓuuɓnude ɓe.180 O wiyi kadi wonde ko ɓe njiylotoo koo feccere e pinal ko juuti e wonde haɗde ɗum wonata ko waylude no feewi wonande rewɓe heewɓe. 180 O jeertinii daartol hirnaange e koloñaal ngol o suuɗii e nder hujjaaji ngam feeñninde. Malak noddii rewɓe yo ndeentoo worɓe ɓe, e fuɗɗoode, yamiri rewɓe yo ɓoorno wutte, caggal ɗuum, ɗoon e ɗoon, ɓe njamiri ɓe yo ɓe ɓoorno wutte ngam ‘ndimaagu maɓɓe’.73 Miijooji makko e wutte ina ceerti e miijooji feministe Misra winndooɓe ɓe golle mum en keewi e nder Hirnaange, ko wayi no Qasim Amin e Huuda Sha’rawi. E nder deftere makko Al-Nisa'iyyat, o hollitii hujjaaji makko keertiiɗi ko fayti e udditde o hollitii wonde rewɓe ina keewi udditde, ɗum noon so ɓe udditii ko yaawi rewɓe nganndaa no ɓe mbaɗata. O jeertinii wonde worɓe daraniiɓe udditde ɓee paamataa walla nguurdaani e ko rewɓe ɓee ngoni e mum koo, ɗum noon miijooji maɓɓe ngonaa ko tuugnii e goonga : yeru, ɓe ƴettataa heen miijo wonde so rewɓe udditiima, worɓe ina njiyloo ɗum en e nder laabi. Gila e ƴeewndo makko e renndo Ejipt o hollitii wonde worɓe e rewɓe ngonaa e waawde feeñninde rewɓe, sibu rewɓe ko naafigaagal, worɓe ina ŋakki jikkuuji e neɗɗaagal. O wiyi e oon sahaa nde renndo ngo gollotoo ko e laawol, seeɗa-seeɗa ina janngina rewɓe e moƴƴinde jikkuuji worɓe. Ko nde renndo ngoo moƴƴinaa tan rewɓe mbaawi waɗde feere mbele ina njuula walla alaa.

Teegal

Malak winndii ko heewi ko fayti e hakkeeji dewgal rewɓe e nder leydi Ejipt. Ndeeɗoo haala ina jeyaa e haala feministe ɗe o joginoo e humpito makko maantinngo. Ko gorko makko jogii rewɓe ɗiɗo addani mo salaade no feewi dewgal keewngal. E nder winndannde makko tiitoonde “Or Co-Wives”, o miijii ko dewgal keewngal woni “gaño maayɗo rewɓe” 182 O miijii wonde ina foti waɗeede mbayliigu mawngu to bannge dewgal ; dewgal keewngal ina foti joofde, worɓe e rewɓe fof ina poti waawde seertude, duuɓi ɗi rewɓe resndata ɗii ɓeydotoo ko famɗi fof sappo e jeegom. O wiyi wonde ɗeen peeje fof ummorii ko e miijo wooto cakkitiingo : yiɗde ina foti wonde hujja dewgal fof.278 Malak ina yeddi miijo dewgal gonngal e dow dalillaaji faggudu, woni gorko ina resnda debbo ngam kaalis mum tan . O walliti kadi e hujjaaji makko ngam haɓaade dewgal ko yaawi, o wiyi wonde rewɓe resndaaɓe ko yaawi ina keewi heɓde histeria.

Jaangirde

Malak yiyri ko moƴƴitingol jaŋde ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri moƴƴude e caɗeele keewɗe ɗe rewɓe njogori dañde. E nder binndanɗe makko, o hollitii wonde kala suka debbo mo alaa fartaŋŋe yahde e timminde jaŋde, o waɗtaama ko boni.O renndini ngool miijo e goɗɗo oo

Politik

Malak ƴetti feere e miijooji mum, o fuɗɗii juɓɓule e ɗaɓɓude golle politik. Gooto e golle makko politik ko jokkondirde e rewɓe ummoriiɓe leyɗe goɗɗe. O sosi Dental Jaŋde Rewɓe, ngal renndini rewɓe Ejiptnaaɓe e rewɓe aarabeeɓe e Oropnaaɓe woɗɓe.Malak caggal ɗuum sosi sarwiis cellal ɓuuɓɗo tuugiiɗo e Croix-Rouge e duɗal infirmiyeeji rewɓe e nder galle mum. Ina jeyaa e golle politik ɓurɗe teeŋtude ɗe Malak waɗi, ko hollirde porogaraam toɓɓe sappo ngam moƴƴinde rewɓe e nder Asaambele sarɗiiji Ejipt e hitaande 1911.O hollitii toɓɓe joy ko fayti e no jaŋde foti moƴƴineede: ina foti jogaade njiimaandi diine; ina foti ɗaɓɓireede haa e duɗal leslesal; ina foti wonde heen laaɓal, nehdi sukaaɓe, ballal gadanal, e faggudu ; ina foti waɗde heen heblo rewɓe e golle infirmiyee e janngingol ; e nde foti udditaneede rewɓe fof ngam jaŋde toownde.O naamndii sariyaaji e ɗee toɓɓe fof. Toɓɓe joy keddiiɗe ɗee kolliri ko hakkeeji rewɓe woɗɓe ko wayi no duuɓi dewgal e udditgol.Hay so tawii ndeeɗoo fedde nde yejjitaani ɗum, ko yeru mawɗo wonande debbo ƴettuɗo golle feminism e nder dingiral politik.

Maayde e ndonu

Malak maayi ko e rafi grippe tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 31 ñalnde 17 oktoobar 1918. Janngugol makko ina tawtoree fedde rewɓe e ardiiɓe laamu.Ñalnde jeeɗiɗaɓere maayde Nasif, Huda Sha'rawi waɗii siftorde woɗnde, tawi ina jeyaa heen... miijotooɓe rewɓe ɓurɓe heewde Nabawiyya Musa e May Ziadah.Nde Nasif acci ndonu doole, siftorde ɗum e yontaaji mum fof, yi’annde makko keeriinde e rewɓe maayii e makko, Sha’rawi wonti miijotooɗo rewɓe ɓurɗo mawnude e oon sahaa

Teskorɗe

^ Brockett, Adrian Alan, Jannde e nder binndanɗe ɗiɗi Qur’aana

^ Juppude haa: a b c d e f g h i Kader, Soha (1987). Rewɓe Misra e nder renndo waylotoongo, 1899-1987. Haayre: Lynne Rienner bayyinoowo. ISBN 9780931477478.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d e f g h i j k Ahmed, Leyla (1992). Rewɓe e jinnaaɓe e nder Lislaam: ɗaɗi daartol jeewte jamaanu. New Haven, Konnektikut: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Yale. ISBN 9780300055832.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d e Yuusuf, Reina (Duunde 2011). "Malak Hifni Nasif: kaaldigal jowitiingal e ajenda rewɓe hakkunde Oropnaaɓe e Koloñaal en". Jaaynde ganndal rewɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. 7 (1): 70-89. 2011.7.1.70. 2011.7.1.70. S2CID 54006889.

^ Juppude haa: a b Badran, Margot (1995). Feminist en, Islaam, e leñol: jinnaaɓe e waɗde Ejipt hannde. Princeton, New Jersey: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Princeton. p. 54. ISBN 9780691026053.

^ Golson, Emili; Yuusuf, Luubina; Gese, Amanda (2014). Feewde, saraaji, e woɗɗitaade Tahrir: Rewindaade kollitooje peeñɗe e mbaydi Ejipt. Newcastle dow Tyne: Jaaynde annduɓe Cambridge. p. 78. ISBN 978-1443859165.

^ Margot Badran (1988). "Yi'annde rewɓe nder binndi rewɓe Ejiptnaaɓe tato nder karniwol". Bulletin (Fedde Angalteer ngam janngude Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo). 15 (1-2): 13-14. Doi:10.1080/13530198808705469.

^ Jump up to: a b c "REWƁE ARƊI", Rewɓe e jinnaaɓe e nder Lislaam, jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale, pp

^ Baron, Beth (1989). "Udditgol e fuɗɗoode teeminannde noogasɓiire Ejipt: miijooji kuuɓtodinɗi e maandeeji". Jannde Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. 25 (3): 370-386. Doi:10.1080/00263208908700787. ISSN 0026-3206.

^ Yuusuf, Hoda (2011). "Malak Hifni Nasif: Kaaldigal e ajendaaji rewɓe hakkunde Oropnaaɓe e koloñaal en". Jaaynde ganndal rewɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. 7 (1): 70-89. 2011.7.1.70. ISSN 1552-5864. 2011.7.1.70. S2CID 54006889.

^ Jump up to: a b ناصف، ملك حفني (1909). النسائيات. Hinndawi.

^ Yuusuf, Hoda (2011). "Malak Hifni Nasif: Kaaldigal e ajendaaji rewɓe hakkunde Oropnaaɓe e koloñaal en". Jaaynde ganndal rewɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. 7 (1): 70-89. 2011.7.1.70. ISSN 1552-5864. 2011.7.1.70. S2CID 54006889.

^ Juppude haa: a b Baron, Bet; Keddie, Nikki R. (1991). Rewɓe e nder daartol Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo ina mbayla keeri e nder jinnaaɓe e jinnaaɓe. New Haven, Konnektikut: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Yale. ISBN 9780300056976.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d Shakri, Omnia (1998). “Yumma’en jannguɓe e fijooji ndarnaaɗi: nehdi ɓikkoy nder Misra 126–170”. E nder Abuu-Lugood, Lila (ed.). Waɗde rewɓe : feminism e jamaanu e nder Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. Princeton, New Jersey: Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Princeton. ISBN 9780691057927.