The Stonebreaker

painting
Golle imaaɗe	1857
Title	The Stone Breaker
Location	Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
Genre	genre art
Creator	Henry Wallis
Made from material	oil paint, panel
Depicts	cadaver, man
Collection	Birmingham Museums Trust
Inventory number	1936P506
Described at URL	https://www.birminghammuseums.org.uk/explore-art/items/1936P506/the-stone-breaker
Copyright status	public domain
Depicts Iconclass notation	46A17, 47B132

Ko ƴaañoowo kaaƴe ko natal nebam e dow kanndaa, ngal Henry Wallis waɗi e hitaande 1857. Ina hollita golloowo junngo ina wayi no ina ɗaanii, ina ɓuuɓna golle mum, kono ina gasa tawa ko gollaaɗo haa maayi.

Natal ngal fuɗɗii kollireede ko e hitaande 1858 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Royal Academy to Londres, ngal weltinaa no feewi. Heewɓe e yiyooɓe ina cikkatnoo gorko oo ina ɗaanii, ina ɓuuɓtoo e ñalawma golle makko tiiɗɗe kono nuunɗuɗe. Wallis rokkaani haala laaɓtuka wonde gorko mo o holliri oo maayii, kono miijooji keewɗi ina ngoodi e ɗuum. Kaɓirgal ngal ina winndaa heen diidi cifaaɗi e deftere Tennyson wiyeteende A Dirge (1830) : « Jooni noon golle maa ñalnde juutɗe ɗee njoofii » ; kalaaji muusɗi e naange fuɗnge ina ndokka jikku timmuɗo; darnde gorko oo ina hollita wonde marto makko ina 6uu6i e juucfe makko nde o gollotoo ndee, wonaa tan 6oornii wutte makko nde o fooftotoo ndee, tee 6anndu makko ina 6uu6i haa 6uu6ol, ngol yi’etee tan ko e 6uu6ol, 6uuccii e koyngal makko ñaamowal. Limtugol nate ɗee e nder catal ngal ina yahdi e tonngoode juutnde ummoraade e "Helotage" Thomas Carlyle, tonngoode mum Sartor Resartus, ina mawnina moƴƴere neɗɗo golloowo, ina woya wonde "ɓanndu maa no ruuhu maa nii, anndaaka ndimaagu".

Wallis ina sikkaa ko kañum winndi The Stonebreaker ngam firo sariya mbayliigu sariya miskineeɓe e hitaande 1834, baɗnooɗo njuɓɓudi galleeji gollorɗi wonande miskineeɓe, kadi ina haɗa ballal goɗɗal wonande miskineeɓe. Miskineeɓe waawɓe golle ɗee ina ndokkee waktuuji juutɗi e golle juuɗe ngam waawde heɓde hoɗorde e nguura mo galle gollorɗo oo rokkata e golle tiiɗɗe ɗee ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof maayde gollotooɓe ɓee. Ko Carlyle yahdi heen koo kadi ina waɗi konnguɗi tiiɗɗi wonande wallidiiɓe cuuɗi gollorɗi ɗii :

Ina gasa tawa e nder leydi ɓurndi heewde yimɓe, ko ina wona balɗe tati e hitaande ina mbaawi hesɗitinde denndaangal Pauperuuji baawɗi mooftude e nder hitaande ndee.

Caggal ɗuum, ina wiyee wonde e ngalɗoo natal, Wallis woppii kuule Pre-Raphaelite, feewde e kuule Realism renndo Victoria puɗɗanooɗo.[1] Kono, wonande yontaaji Wallis, The Stonebreaker tiiɗtinii innde makko e wonde neɗɗo goonga mo hade Rafael.[2]

Maayɗo oo ina ɓoornii comci golloowo ndema ina hollita wonde e yontaaji ɓennuɗi o gollotoo ko hitaande kala e nder ngesa. Waylude ngonka renndo ina haɗa mo golle, ina addana mo jaɓde sadak galle gollorɗo oo e golle tiiɗɗe ɗe o waɗata ngam feewnude kaɓirɗe ngam laabi.

Natal John Brett hollitii ko noon e hitaande rewtunde ndee

Natal ngal ina rokka feere tiiɗnde e natal John Brett ngal innde wootere, timminii hitaande caggal mbaydi Wallis. Brett’s Stonebreaker ina hollita miskineeɓe woɗɓe ina taƴa kaaƴe, kono oo sahaa ko suka gorko ɓoorniiɗo comci laaɓtuɗi, ɓuuɓɗo, ina wondi e puccu fijirde, ina golloo e nokku jalboowo, naange. Natal Brett waɗi innde makko. Detaayuuji ɗii nanngaama e laaɓal ganndal, tee natal ngal ina yettee John Ruskin, ganndo naalankaagal. Kadi ina waɗi haala ko fayti e miskineeɓe, hay so tawii noon ina ŋakki yaakaare e joofnirde pentol Wallis, hono no e nder mbaydi Wallis nii, ina waɗi goonga gonɗo les ɗoo, mo arannde laaɓtaani : suka oo ko rose-cheeked wonaa sabu ekkorse celluɗo, kono sabu golle ɗe o doole ngam waɗde; puccu nguu ina cavorta e weltaare, kono suka oo, golloowo ngam dañde sadak, waawaa dartaade ngam fijde. Natal Brett ngal woni ko e galle ñeeñal Walker, to wuro Liverpool.

Hay so tawii karallaagal Wallis ngal ina weltina, suɓagol makko fannu ngol renndini ko ñiŋooɓe ɓee. Jaaynde Illustrated London News tawi ɗum ina hulɓinii e ina metti, tawi The Spectator wiyi ina waɗi "senngo e teddungal jooɗiiɗo e tagoore aadee, no feewi, e nder maayde, no laaɓiri".

Bibliografi

Barringer, Tim (1999). Janngude ko adii Rafael en. Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yale. p. 176. ISBN 0300077874.

Barringer, Tim (2005). Worɓe e golle: Naalankaagal e golle e nder Angalteer Victoria. Paul mellon nokkuure BA. p. 392. ISBN 0300103808.

Hakkusley, Lusinda (2006). Etifan Farting (mbaydi). 1001 Pente ɗe A Haani Yiyde Hade Maayde. Londres: Koolol bayyinoowo biyeteeɗo Quintet p. 960. ISBN 1844035638.

"Ɓooyɗo kaaƴe". Koolol naalankaagal Walker. Fulnaa ko ñalnde 16 lewru juko hitaande 2012. Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 1 ut 2007.

Jenni Elkan. "Henri Walis". Tate e nder internet. Heɓtaama ñalnde 1 lewru bowte hitaande 2007.

Tuugnorgal

J. Treuherz: Jamanuuji caɗtuɗi: Goonga renndo e nder ñeeñal Victoria (London, 1987), pp. 36-39.

Robin Hamlin: Henri Wallis, nder: Saggitorde nguurndam leydi Oxford, vol. 57, Londres 2004, h. 14.