Monngoliya
Yemre | East Asia ![]() |
---|---|
Golle imaaɗe | 12 Colte 1992 ![]() |
Laamu innde | Монгол Улс, ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ, Mongolia ![]() |
Lesdinkeejum | Монгол Улс, ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ![]() |
Mutiɗa innde | Mongolia, Mongolia, Mongolia, Mongolei ![]() |
Named after | Mongols ![]() |
Ɗemngal ngal sarwiisiiji leydi fu njoni haalude | Mongolian ![]() |
Doondo leydi | National anthem of Mongolia ![]() |
Jammoore leydi | Go Nomadic, Experience Mongolia, Crwydrwch a Phrofwch Mongolia ![]() |
Duungal | Aasiya ![]() |
Lesdi | Monngoliya ![]() |
Laamorde | Ulaanbaatar ![]() |
Hiiri-weeti pelle | UTC+08:00, Asia/Hovd, Asia/Ulaanbaatar, Asia/Choibalsan ![]() |
Annditirɗum | East Asia ![]() |
Jonde kwa'odineto | 46°0′0″N 105°0′0″E ![]() |
Kwa'odineto lettugal | 46°50′51″N 119°55′53″E ![]() |
Soɓɓire | 52°9′0″N 98°55′12″E ![]() |
Horɗoore | 41°34′54″N 105°0′23″E ![]() |
Gorgal | 48°52′50″N 87°44′5″E ![]() |
Towendi | Hüiten Peak ![]() |
Hoɓade | Hoh Nuur ![]() |
Laamu sarti celluɗo | parliamentary system ![]() |
Birrol parti politikki | President of Mongolia ![]() |
Arɗiiɗo lesdi | Khurelsukh Ukhnaa ![]() |
Office held by head of government | Prime Minister of Mongolia ![]() |
Hooreejo leydi | Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene ![]() |
Laamu battaa en | Government of Mongolia ![]() |
Laamu depitee en | State Great Khural ![]() |
Central bank | Bank of Mongolia ![]() |
Public holiday | Tsagaan Sar ![]() |
Cede | tugrik ![]() |
Shares border with | Ciina, Roosiya ![]() |
Driving side | right ![]() |
Electrical plug type | Europlug, Type E ![]() |
Replaces | Chinese Empire ![]() |
Laawol ngol laamu anndani | https://www.gov.mn/en ![]() |
Hashtag | Mongolia, mongolia ![]() |
Golle gofernema | .mn ![]() |
Deesewal | flag of Mongolia ![]() |
Coat of arms | Emblem of Mongolia ![]() |
Joogarafii | geography of Mongolia ![]() |
Has characteristic | free country ![]() |
Taariki | history of Mongolia ![]() |
Open data portal | National Statistics Office of Mongolia ![]() |
Ndesa | economy of Mongolia ![]() |
Annaji Aljeri | demographics of Mongolia ![]() |
Official observer status in organisation | Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ![]() |
Mobile country code | 428 ![]() |
Country calling code | +976 ![]() |
Emergency phone number | 101, 102, 103, 105 ![]() |
GS1 country code | 865 ![]() |
Licence plate code | MGL ![]() |
Maritime identification digits | 457 ![]() |
Unicode character | 🇲🇳 ![]() |
Category for honorary citizens of entity | Q19473223 ![]() |
Category for maps or plans | Category:Maps of Mongolia ![]() |

Monngoliya ko leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa maayo, to Aasiya fuɗnaange, ndi keeri mum ko Riisi to bannge worgo, Siin to bannge worgo e fuɗnaange-rewo. Jaaynde mayre ko kiloomitaji 1,564,116 km2 (603,909 sq mi), e yimɓe mum ko miliyoŋaaji 3.5 ɗum noon ko leydi ɓurndi famɗude yimɓe e winndere ndee. Monngoliya ko leydi ɓurndi mawnude e winndere nde, ndi alaa keeri e geec nder leydi, ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji mum ko steppe huɗo, koɗli to bannge worgo e hirnaange, e jeereende Gobi to bannge worgo. Ulaanbaatar, laamorgo leydi ndii e wuro ɓurngo mawnude, ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe leydi ndii ngoni.
Leydi Monngoliya hannde ndii laamiima laamlaamuuji keewɗi, ko wayi no Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Kaganat Turkiya gadano, Khaganat Turkiya ɗiɗaɓo, Khaganat Uyghur e woɗɓe. E hitaande dubi 1206, Gengis Khan sosi laamu Mongol, ngu wonti laamu leydi ɓurngu mawnude e nder daartol. Taaniiko biyeteeɗo Kublai Khan heɓti Siin no haanirta nii, sosi laamu Yuan. Caggal nde Yuan yani, Mongol en ngarti e leydi Monngoliya , ɓe puɗɗii haɓde e fedde maɓɓe adannde, so wonaa e jamaanu Dayan Khan e Tumen Zasagt Khan.
E teeminannde 16th, diine Budisma Tibet yaaji haa Monngoliya , ɓeydi ardaade ɗum ko laamu Qing sosngu Manchu, ngu ƴetti leydi ndii e teeminannde 17th. E fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20th, fotde tataɓal worɓe mawɓe ko rewɓe Buddhist en.[1][2] Caggal nde laamu Qing yani e hitaande dubi alif 1911, Monngoliya hollitii jeytaare mum, heɓi jeytaare mum tigi-rigi e Republique Siin e hitaande dubi alif 1921. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, leydi ndii wonti dowla satelit Dental Sowiyet. E hitaande 1924, leydi Mongol sosaa ko e dowla sosiyaalist.[3] Caggal njilluuji luulndiiɗi kominist en e hitaande 1989, Monngoliya waɗi njilluuji mum demokaraasi jamyankooji e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1990. Ɗum addani ɗum waɗde doosgal lanndaaji keewɗi, doosgal kesal e hitaande 1992, e waylude faggudu luumo.
Ko ina tolnoo e 30% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko hoɗɓe walla semi-hoɗɓe ; pinal puccu ina heddii e mbaydi teskinndi. Buddhist woni diine ɓurɗo heewde (51,7%), tawi ko ɓe ngonaa diineeji ngoni fedde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude (40,6%). Lislaam woni tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e diineeji (3,2%), tawi ɓuri heewde ko e leƴƴi Kazakh en. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii ko leƴƴi Mongol en, ko ina tolnoo e 5% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko Kazakh en, Tuvan en, e leƴƴi goɗɗi tokoosi, tawi ɓuri heewde ko e diiwanuuji hirnaange ɗii. Monngoliya ko tergal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Kaaldigal Gollondiral Aasi, G77, Banke Asiyankeewo ngam Ngalu Infrastructures, Mouvement Non-Aligned e gollodiiɗo winndereejo OTAN. Monngoliya naati e Fedde Adunaare Filu e hitaande 1997, ina yiɗi ɓeydude naatgol mum e pelle faggudu e njulaagu diiwaan oo.[4]
Limre yimɓe
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Yimɓe leydi Monngoliya e hitaande 2024 ko kiilometaji 3544 835 neɗɗo, e wiyde biro ngenndiijo limto leydi Monngoliya . Ndee limoore ina hawra e keewal ɓiɓɓe leydi Mongol heewɓe hoɗde e leydi Mongol (ko ɓuri balɗe 183 walla lebbi jeegom), kam e ɓiɓɓe leydi Mongol hoɗɓe caggal leydi.[5] 51% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko rewɓe e 49% ko worɓe, tawi 71,2% ko hoɗɓe e gure, tawi 21,8% ko hoɗɓe e gure teeru.[6] Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Monngoliya ina fotnoo wonde 1,2% e hitaande 2007.[7]
Binnditagol gadanol ngol e teeminannde 20th waɗi ko e hitaande 1918, ngol waɗii 647 500 neɗɗo.[8] Gila sosiyaalisma joofi, leydi Monngoliya i ina heɓi ustaare keewal jibinannde (ɓiɓɓe e debbo gooto) ko ɓuri heewde e leyɗeele aduna ɗee kala, e fawaade e ciimtol ONU cakkitiingol ngol :[9] e hitaande 1970–1975, jibinannde ndee ina hiisa ko 7,33 sukaaɓe e debbo gooto, ustii fotde 1–20.000.[10] Ustaare ndee joofi ko e hitaande 2005–2010, nafoore jibinannde ndee ɓeydii haa 2,8 e hitaande 2013, nde dartii caggal ɗuum e tolno fotde 2,5-2,6 sukaaɓe e debbo gooto hedde hitaande 2020.[11]
Mongol en ko gootum no feewi;[12] leñol Mongol en ina waɗi fotde 95% e yimɓe leydi ndii, ina mbaɗi Khalkha e pelle goɗɗe, kam en fof e seertude ko ɓuri heewde e ɗemɗe ɗemngal Mongol en. Khalkha en ina mbaɗi 86% e leñol Mongol en. Heddii 14% ina heen Oirat en, Buryat en e woɗɓe. Leƴƴi Turkiya en (Kazakh en e Tuvan en) ina mbaɗi 4,5% e yimɓe leydi Monngoliya , heddiiɓe ɓee ko leƴƴi Riisi, Siin, Koree e Amerik.[13]
Ɗemɗe
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Ɗemngal Mongol e ɗemngal ngenndiwal ko Mongol. Tergal e galle ɗemɗe Mongol, ɗemngal gonngal e mbaydi kuuɓtodinndi ko Khalkha Mongol. Ina wondi e mbaydiiji goɗɗi ceertuɗi, ɓurɗi heewde faamde ko wayi no Oirat, Buryat, e Khamnigan. Ɗemɗe keewɗe ina mbayloo ngam ɓeydaade nanndude e ɗemngal Khalkha hakkundeewal e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi.[14] Ko ɓuri heewde e haalooɓe ɗeen ɗemɗe ngoni ko e bannge hirnaange leydi ndii, woni Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, e Khovd. Kazakh, ɗemngal Turki, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal heewde e Bayan-Ölgii, Tuvan ko ɗemngal Turkiya goɗngal kaaleteengal e Khövsgöl. Ɗemngal maandeeji Mongol ko ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder renndo muumɓe.
Hannde, ɗemngal Mongol ɓuri winndeede ko e alkule Sirilik, naatɗe e kitaale 1940. Gila e njiimaandi 1990 won ummital tokosal e binndol taariindi Mongol, ngol woni haa hannde binndol laawɗungol ngol Mongol en kuutortoo e nder leydi Monngoliya nder leydi hoɗdiiɓe. Hay so tawii binndol mongol ngol ko binndol ngenndiwol,[15] ina janngee gila e tolno jeegom haa e nder duɗe,[16] ngol heddii ko ɓuri heewde e kuutoragol kewu e nder nguurndam ñalnde kala.[17] E hitaande 2025, Monngoliya fuɗɗii huutoraade binndi Sirilik e binndi aadaaji Monngoliya ngam waɗde kaayitaaji sariya e binndi laamu.[18]

Gila hitaande 1990, ɗemngal Inngilankore yaawi lomtaade ɗemngal Riisi, ko ngal ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal lollude e nder leydi Monngoliya.[19][20][21] E jamaanu kominist en, ɗemngal Riisi ko ɗemngal teskinngal wonande yah-ngartaa e jokkondiral karallaagal, tawi ina waɗi almudɓe heewɓe janngooɓe e nder Dental Sowiyet kam e heewɓe e karallaagal Sowiyet e soldateeɓe wonɓe e nder leydi Monngoliya.[22] Gila ndeen, jaŋde Monngoliya i wayliima no feewi, woɗɗitii Dental Sowiyet feewde Hirnaange, Inngilankore wonti ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal waawde huutoreede, tawi ina wallita ɗum e jaayɗe rimɗinɗe, e ballal winnderewal, e ƴellitaare jaŋde keeriinde e jaŋde, kam e politik laamu laawɗuɗo. E hitaande jaŋde 2014–2015, 59% e almudɓe fof njanngii Inngilankore e nder duɗe hakkundeeje laamu.[23] E hitaande 2023, Inngilankore bayyinaama wonde "ɗemngal jananal gadanal", kadi ina janngee gila e tolno tataɓo.[24]
Haa e hitaande jaŋde 2014–2015, ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal lollude e nder jaŋdeeji ɗemɗe keertiiɗe ko (yamiroore ɓurnde lollude), Inngilankore, Sinuwaa, Riisi, Japon, e Koree. Koree haa teeŋti noon dañii darnde sabu ujunnaaje ujunnaaje Mongol en ina ngolloo e Koree worgo,[25] ko kamɓe ngoni fedde ɓurnde mawnude e Mongol en caggal leydi.
Dina
[taƴto | taƴto ɗaɗi wiki]E wiyde binndital ngenndiwal 2020, e nder Mongol en yahrooɓe e duuɓi 15 e ko ɓuri ɗum, 59,4% ko Buddhist en, 40,6% ko ɓe ngonaa diineeji.[26]
Shamanism mongol ina yaaji e nder daartol ko hannde woni Monngoliya , ko nanndi e ɗuum ina heewi e yimɓe hoɗɓe e Aasiya hakkundeejo. Ɓe ndokki laawol seeɗa-seeɗa e diine Budisma Tibet, kono diine shamanism acciino maande e pinal diine Mongol, ina jokki e huutoreede. Kazakh en wonɓe e hirnaange Monngoliya , won e Mongol en, e leƴƴi Turkiya en goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii ina njokki e Islaam e aadaaji mum en.
Ko ɓuri heewde e teeminannde 20th, laamu kominist en ina ndartini golle diine. Nde fawii ko e diineeji Eklesiya Budisma Mongol, jokkondirnooɗi no feewi e njuɓɓudi laamuuji fedde nde (yeru, gila 1911, hooreejo Eklesiya oo kadi ko Khan leydi ndii).[27] E darorɗe kitaale 1930, laamu nguu, ngu Khorloogiin Choibalsan ardii e oon sahaa, udditi fotde 700 dewal Buddhist e nder leydi Monngoliya , wari ko famɗi fof 30 000 neɗɗo, heen 18 000 ko lamaaji.[28] Limngal rewɓe Buddhist en ustii gila 100 000 e hitaande 1924 haa 110 e hitaande 1990.[28]

Doggol kominist e hitaande 1991 artiri golle diine renndo. Budisma Tibet, mo wonnoo diine ɓurɗo heewde ko adii nde kominist en ummotoo, ummiima kadi, wonti diine ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder leydi Monngoliya . Lama ɓurɗo toowde e diine Buddha e nder leydi Monngoliya , ina woɗɗi gila Jebtsundamba 9ɓo sankii e hitaande 2012,[29] e njiylawu Jebtsundamba Khutuktu garoowo oo ina saɗti sabu yiɗde Pekin jogaade doole e diine Buddha Tibet.[29]
Joofgol njiimaandi diineeji e kitaale 1990 kadi addani diineeji goɗɗi sarde e nder leydi ndii. E wiyde fedde misiyoŋaaji Kerecee’en Barnabas Fund, limngal Kerecee’en mawni gila e nayi tan e hitaande 1989 haa ko ina tolnoo e 40,000 e hitaande 2008. E lewru Maayu 2013, Eklesiya Iisaa-al-Masiihu (LDS Church) waɗii porogaraam pinal ngam mawninde duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi e taariindi Mongo, Eklesiya 10,900 suudu ekklessiya nder leydi ndi.[30] Won ko ina tolnoo e 1,000 katolik e nder leydi Monngoliya , e hitaande 2003, misioneer gooto ummoriiɗo Filipiin innitiraa ko bismaango katolik gadano e nder leydi Monngoliya.[31] E hitaande 2017 Adventist en ñalnde jeeɗiɗaɓere kollitii 2,700 tergal e nder ekklesiyaaji jeegom ko ɓuri tergal zero e hitaande 1991.[32]
Tuugnorgal
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- ↑ Michael Jerryson, Mongolian Buddhism: The Rise and Fall of the Sangha, (Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2007), 89.
- ↑ "Mongolia – Religion". Michigan State University. Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ↑ Sik, Ko Swan (1990). Nationality and International Law in Asian Perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 39. ISBN 9780792308768. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
- ↑ Sik, Ko Swan (1990). Nationality and International Law in Asian Perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 39. ISBN 9780792308768. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
- ↑ "POPULATION OF MONGOLIA, by region, aimags and the Capital, urban and rural". National Statistics Office of Mongolia. Retrieved 2025-05-21.
- ↑ "POPULATION OF MONGOLIA, by sex and urban/rural". National Statistics Office of Mongolia. Retrieved 2025-05-21.
- ↑ "WPP2006_Highlights_0823.doc" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
- ↑ "Mongolia" (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
- ↑ "WPP2006_Highlights_0823.doc" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
- ↑ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2009). "The impact of the political and economic transition on fertility and family formation in Mongolia. A synthetic parity progression ratio analysis". Asian Population Studies. 5 (2): 127–151. doi:10.1080/17441730902992067. ISSN 1744-1730. S2CID 153650562.
- ↑ "Fertility rate: children per woman". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
- ↑ "Mongolia – Climate and soils". Britannica (in Engeleere). Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-05.
- ↑ "Second wave of Chinese invasion". Sydney Morning Herald. August 13, 2007. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
- ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
- ↑ "University and college students to learn Mongolian script from upcoming academic year". MONTSAME News Agency (in Engeleere). Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ↑ "Монгол хэлний тухай хууль". Эрх зүйн мэдээллийн нэгдсэн систем (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
- ↑ Huaxia (2 January 2025). "Mongolia adopts dual scripts for legal, official documents". Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 4 January 2025. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
- ↑ Shinjee, Bolormaa; Dovchin, Sender (2023-07-28). "SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN MONGOLIA". In Ball, Martin J.; Mesthrie, Rajend; Meluzzi, Chiara (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World (2 ed.). London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003198345. ISBN 978-1-003-19834-5. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
- ↑ Цыбенова, Ч. С.; Жалсанова, В. Г. (2022-08-31). "Русский язык в повседневном дискурсе монголов (данные экспертного опроса)". Научный диалог (in Riis). 11 (6): 158–181. doi:10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-6-158-181. ISSN 2227-1295. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
- ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
- ↑ Б.Анхтуяа (2023-08-02). "Mongolia makes English the first foreign language in secondary education - News.MN". News.MN - The source of news (in Engeleere). Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ↑ Han, Jae-hyuck (May 5, 2006). "Today in Mongolia: Everyone can speak a few words of Korean". Office of the President, Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ "Mongolia". United States Department of State (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2025-03-16.
- ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Template:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 "China's Grip on Mongolia's Quest for Spiritual Leadership". thediplomat.com (in Engeleere). Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ↑ "Members Celebrate 20 Years of Church in Mongolia". churchofjesuschrist.org. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
- ↑ "Religions in Mongolia". Mongolia-attractions.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ↑ "Mongolia Mission". Adventistyearbook.org. 2019-12-16. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
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