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Monngoliya

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Monngoliya
jeetaare leydi, landlocked country, leydi
YemreEast Asia Taƴto
Golle imaaɗe12 Colte 1992 Taƴto
Laamu inndeМонгол Улс, ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ, Mongolia Taƴto
LesdinkeejumМонгол Улс, ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ Taƴto
Mutiɗa inndeMongolia, Mongolia, Mongolia, Mongolei Taƴto
Named afterMongols Taƴto
Ɗemngal ngal sarwiisiiji leydi fu njoni haaludeMongolian Taƴto
Doondo leydiNational anthem of Mongolia Taƴto
Jammoore leydiGo Nomadic, Experience Mongolia, Crwydrwch a Phrofwch Mongolia Taƴto
DuungalAasiya Taƴto
LesdiMonngoliya Taƴto
LaamordeUlaanbaatar Taƴto
Hiiri-weeti pelleUTC+08:00, Asia/Hovd, Asia/Ulaanbaatar, Asia/Choibalsan Taƴto
AnnditirɗumEast Asia Taƴto
Jonde kwa'odineto46°0′0″N 105°0′0″E Taƴto
Kwa'odineto lettugal46°50′51″N 119°55′53″E Taƴto
Soɓɓire52°9′0″N 98°55′12″E Taƴto
Horɗoore41°34′54″N 105°0′23″E Taƴto
Gorgal48°52′50″N 87°44′5″E Taƴto
TowendiHüiten Peak Taƴto
HoɓadeHoh Nuur Taƴto
Laamu sarti celluɗoparliamentary system Taƴto
Birrol parti politikkiPresident of Mongolia Taƴto
Arɗiiɗo lesdiKhurelsukh Ukhnaa Taƴto
Office held by head of governmentPrime Minister of Mongolia Taƴto
Hooreejo leydiLuvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene Taƴto
Laamu battaa enGovernment of Mongolia Taƴto
Laamu depitee enState Great Khural Taƴto
Central bankBank of Mongolia Taƴto
Public holidayTsagaan Sar Taƴto
Cedetugrik Taƴto
Shares border withCiina, Roosiya Taƴto
Driving sideright Taƴto
Electrical plug typeEuroplug, Type E Taƴto
ReplacesChinese Empire Taƴto
Laawol ngol laamu anndanihttps://www.gov.mn/en Taƴto
HashtagMongolia, mongolia Taƴto
Golle gofernema.mn Taƴto
Deesewalflag of Mongolia Taƴto
Coat of armsEmblem of Mongolia Taƴto
Joogarafiigeography of Mongolia Taƴto
Has characteristicfree country Taƴto
Taarikihistory of Mongolia Taƴto
Open data portalNational Statistics Office of Mongolia Taƴto
Ndesaeconomy of Mongolia Taƴto
Annaji Aljeridemographics of Mongolia Taƴto
Official observer status in organisationShanghai Cooperation Organisation Taƴto
Mobile country code428 Taƴto
Country calling code+976 Taƴto
Emergency phone number101, 102, 103, 105 Taƴto
GS1 country code865 Taƴto
Licence plate codeMGL Taƴto
Maritime identification digits457 Taƴto
Unicode character🇲🇳 Taƴto
Category for honorary citizens of entityQ19473223 Taƴto
Category for maps or plansCategory:Maps of Mongolia Taƴto
Map

Monngoliya ko leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa maayo, to Aasiya fuɗnaange, ndi keeri mum ko Riisi to bannge worgo, Siin to bannge worgo e fuɗnaange-rewo. Jaaynde mayre ko kiloomitaji 1,564,116 km2 (603,909 sq mi), e yimɓe mum ko miliyoŋaaji 3.5 ɗum noon ko leydi ɓurndi famɗude yimɓe e winndere ndee. Monngoliya ko leydi ɓurndi mawnude e winndere nde, ndi alaa keeri e geec nder leydi, ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji mum ko steppe huɗo, koɗli to bannge worgo e hirnaange, e jeereende Gobi to bannge worgo. Ulaanbaatar, laamorgo leydi ndii e wuro ɓurngo mawnude, ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe leydi ndii ngoni.

Leydi Monngoliya hannde ndii laamiima laamlaamuuji keewɗi, ko wayi no Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Kaganat Turkiya gadano, Khaganat Turkiya ɗiɗaɓo, Khaganat Uyghur e woɗɓe. E hitaande dubi 1206, Gengis Khan sosi laamu Mongol, ngu wonti laamu leydi ɓurngu mawnude e nder daartol. Taaniiko biyeteeɗo Kublai Khan heɓti Siin no haanirta nii, sosi laamu Yuan. Caggal nde Yuan yani, Mongol en ngarti e leydi Monngoliya , ɓe puɗɗii haɓde e fedde maɓɓe adannde, so wonaa e jamaanu Dayan Khan e Tumen Zasagt Khan.

E teeminannde 16th, diine Budisma Tibet yaaji haa Monngoliya , ɓeydi ardaade ɗum ko laamu Qing sosngu Manchu, ngu ƴetti leydi ndii e teeminannde 17th. E fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20th, fotde tataɓal worɓe mawɓe ko rewɓe Buddhist en.[1][2] Caggal nde laamu Qing yani e hitaande dubi alif 1911, Monngoliya hollitii jeytaare mum, heɓi jeytaare mum tigi-rigi e Republique Siin e hitaande dubi alif 1921. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, leydi ndii wonti dowla satelit Dental Sowiyet. E hitaande 1924, leydi Mongol sosaa ko e dowla sosiyaalist.[3] Caggal njilluuji luulndiiɗi kominist en e hitaande 1989, Monngoliya waɗi njilluuji mum demokaraasi jamyankooji e fuɗɗoode hitaande 1990. Ɗum addani ɗum waɗde doosgal lanndaaji keewɗi, doosgal kesal e hitaande 1992, e waylude faggudu luumo.

Ko ina tolnoo e 30% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko hoɗɓe walla semi-hoɗɓe ; pinal puccu ina heddii e mbaydi teskinndi. Buddhist woni diine ɓurɗo heewde (51,7%), tawi ko ɓe ngonaa diineeji ngoni fedde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude (40,6%). Lislaam woni tataɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e diineeji (3,2%), tawi ɓuri heewde ko e leƴƴi Kazakh en. Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii ko leƴƴi Mongol en, ko ina tolnoo e 5% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko Kazakh en, Tuvan en, e leƴƴi goɗɗi tokoosi, tawi ɓuri heewde ko e diiwanuuji hirnaange ɗii. Monngoliya ko tergal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, Kaaldigal Gollondiral Aasi, G77, Banke Asiyankeewo ngam Ngalu Infrastructures, Mouvement Non-Aligned e gollodiiɗo winndereejo OTAN. Monngoliya naati e Fedde Adunaare Filu e hitaande 1997, ina yiɗi ɓeydude naatgol mum e pelle faggudu e njulaagu diiwaan oo.[4]

Limre yimɓe

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Ulaanbaatar woni laamorgo leydi Monngoli e wuro ɓurngo mawnude.

Yimɓe leydi Monngoliya e hitaande 2024 ko kiilometaji 3544 835 neɗɗo, e wiyde biro ngenndiijo limto leydi Monngoliya . Ndee limoore ina hawra e keewal ɓiɓɓe leydi Mongol heewɓe hoɗde e leydi Mongol (ko ɓuri balɗe 183 walla lebbi jeegom), kam e ɓiɓɓe leydi Mongol hoɗɓe caggal leydi.[5] 51% e yimɓe leydi ndii ko rewɓe e 49% ko worɓe, tawi 71,2% ko hoɗɓe e gure, tawi 21,8% ko hoɗɓe e gure teeru.[6] Ɓeydagol yimɓe leydi Monngoliya ina fotnoo wonde 1,2% e hitaande 2007.[7]

Binnditagol gadanol ngol e teeminannde 20th waɗi ko e hitaande 1918, ngol waɗii 647 500 neɗɗo.[8] Gila sosiyaalisma joofi, leydi Monngoliya i ina heɓi ustaare keewal jibinannde (ɓiɓɓe e debbo gooto) ko ɓuri heewde e leyɗeele aduna ɗee kala, e fawaade e ciimtol ONU cakkitiingol ngol :[9] e hitaande 1970–1975, jibinannde ndee ina hiisa ko 7,33 sukaaɓe e debbo gooto, ustii fotde 1–20.000.[10] Ustaare ndee joofi ko e hitaande 2005–2010, nafoore jibinannde ndee ɓeydii haa 2,8 e hitaande 2013, nde dartii caggal ɗuum e tolno fotde 2,5-2,6 sukaaɓe e debbo gooto hedde hitaande 2020.[11]

Mongol en ko gootum no feewi;[12] leñol Mongol en ina waɗi fotde 95% e yimɓe leydi ndii, ina mbaɗi Khalkha e pelle goɗɗe, kam en fof e seertude ko ɓuri heewde e ɗemɗe ɗemngal Mongol en. Khalkha en ina mbaɗi 86% e leñol Mongol en. Heddii 14% ina heen Oirat en, Buryat en e woɗɓe. Leƴƴi Turkiya en (Kazakh en e Tuvan en) ina mbaɗi 4,5% e yimɓe leydi Monngoliya , heddiiɓe ɓee ko leƴƴi Riisi, Siin, Koree e Amerik.[13]

Ɗemɗe

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Defterdu jamaa e suudu defte to Mörön, diiwaan Khövsgöl ina hollita maandeeji e ɗemngal Mongol (binndi Mongol e Sirilik) e Inngilankore

Ɗemngal Mongol e ɗemngal ngenndiwal ko Mongol. Tergal e galle ɗemɗe Mongol, ɗemngal gonngal e mbaydi kuuɓtodinndi ko Khalkha Mongol. Ina wondi e mbaydiiji goɗɗi ceertuɗi, ɓurɗi heewde faamde ko wayi no Oirat, Buryat, e Khamnigan. Ɗemɗe keewɗe ina mbayloo ngam ɓeydaade nanndude e ɗemngal Khalkha hakkundeewal e ɗii duuɓi cakkitiiɗi.[14] Ko ɓuri heewde e haalooɓe ɗeen ɗemɗe ngoni ko e bannge hirnaange leydi ndii, woni Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, e Khovd. Kazakh, ɗemngal Turki, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal heewde e Bayan-Ölgii, Tuvan ko ɗemngal Turkiya goɗngal kaaleteengal e Khövsgöl. Ɗemngal maandeeji Mongol ko ɗemngal ɓurngal mawnude e nder renndo muumɓe.

Hannde, ɗemngal Mongol ɓuri winndeede ko e alkule Sirilik, naatɗe e kitaale 1940. Gila e njiimaandi 1990 won ummital tokosal e binndol taariindi Mongol, ngol woni haa hannde binndol laawɗungol ngol Mongol en kuutortoo e nder leydi Monngoliya nder leydi hoɗdiiɓe. Hay so tawii binndol mongol ngol ko binndol ngenndiwol,[15] ina janngee gila e tolno jeegom haa e nder duɗe,[16] ngol heddii ko ɓuri heewde e kuutoragol kewu e nder nguurndam ñalnde kala.[17] E hitaande 2025, Monngoliya fuɗɗii huutoraade binndi Sirilik e binndi aadaaji Monngoliya ngam waɗde kaayitaaji sariya e binndi laamu.[18]

Map of Asia
Ndee kartal hollitii keeri laamu Mongol e teeminannde 13th so yerondiraama e Mongol hannde. Nokku boɗeejo oo ina hollita ɗo ko ɓuri heewde e haalooɓe ɗemngal Mongol ngoni hannde.

Gila hitaande 1990, ɗemngal Inngilankore yaawi lomtaade ɗemngal Riisi, ko ngal ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal lollude e nder leydi Monngoliya.[19][20][21] E jamaanu kominist en, ɗemngal Riisi ko ɗemngal teskinngal wonande yah-ngartaa e jokkondiral karallaagal, tawi ina waɗi almudɓe heewɓe janngooɓe e nder Dental Sowiyet kam e heewɓe e karallaagal Sowiyet e soldateeɓe wonɓe e nder leydi Monngoliya.[22] Gila ndeen, jaŋde Monngoliya i wayliima no feewi, woɗɗitii Dental Sowiyet feewde Hirnaange, Inngilankore wonti ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal waawde huutoreede, tawi ina wallita ɗum e jaayɗe rimɗinɗe, e ballal winnderewal, e ƴellitaare jaŋde keeriinde e jaŋde, kam e politik laamu laawɗuɗo. E hitaande jaŋde 2014–2015, 59% e almudɓe fof njanngii Inngilankore e nder duɗe hakkundeeje laamu.[23] E hitaande 2023, Inngilankore bayyinaama wonde "ɗemngal jananal gadanal", kadi ina janngee gila e tolno tataɓo.[24]

Haa e hitaande jaŋde 2014–2015, ɗemngal jananal ɓurngal lollude e nder jaŋdeeji ɗemɗe keertiiɗe ko (yamiroore ɓurnde lollude), Inngilankore, Sinuwaa, Riisi, Japon, e Koree. Koree haa teeŋti noon dañii darnde sabu ujunnaaje ujunnaaje Mongol en ina ngolloo e Koree worgo,[25] ko kamɓe ngoni fedde ɓurnde mawnude e Mongol en caggal leydi.

Dina

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E wiyde binndital ngenndiwal 2020, e nder Mongol en yahrooɓe e duuɓi 15 e ko ɓuri ɗum, 59,4% ko Buddhist en, 40,6% ko ɓe ngonaa diineeji.[26]

Shamanism mongol ina yaaji e nder daartol ko hannde woni Monngoliya , ko nanndi e ɗuum ina heewi e yimɓe hoɗɓe e Aasiya hakkundeejo. Ɓe ndokki laawol seeɗa-seeɗa e diine Budisma Tibet, kono diine shamanism acciino maande e pinal diine Mongol, ina jokki e huutoreede. Kazakh en wonɓe e hirnaange Monngoliya , won e Mongol en, e leƴƴi Turkiya en goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii ina njokki e Islaam e aadaaji mum en.

Ko ɓuri heewde e teeminannde 20th, laamu kominist en ina ndartini golle diine. Nde fawii ko e diineeji Eklesiya Budisma Mongol, jokkondirnooɗi no feewi e njuɓɓudi laamuuji fedde nde (yeru, gila 1911, hooreejo Eklesiya oo kadi ko Khan leydi ndii).[27] E darorɗe kitaale 1930, laamu nguu, ngu Khorloogiin Choibalsan ardii e oon sahaa, udditi fotde 700 dewal Buddhist e nder leydi Monngoliya , wari ko famɗi fof 30 000 neɗɗo, heen 18 000 ko lamaaji.[28] Limngal rewɓe Buddhist en ustii gila 100 000 e hitaande 1924 haa 110 e hitaande 1990.[28]

Amarbayasgalant Monastery

Doggol kominist e hitaande 1991 artiri golle diine renndo. Budisma Tibet, mo wonnoo diine ɓurɗo heewde ko adii nde kominist en ummotoo, ummiima kadi, wonti diine ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder leydi Monngoliya . Lama ɓurɗo toowde e diine Buddha e nder leydi Monngoliya , ina woɗɗi gila Jebtsundamba 9ɓo sankii e hitaande 2012,[29] e njiylawu Jebtsundamba Khutuktu garoowo oo ina saɗti sabu yiɗde Pekin jogaade doole e diine Buddha Tibet.[29]

Joofgol njiimaandi diineeji e kitaale 1990 kadi addani diineeji goɗɗi sarde e nder leydi ndii. E wiyde fedde misiyoŋaaji Kerecee’en Barnabas Fund, limngal Kerecee’en mawni gila e nayi tan e hitaande 1989 haa ko ina tolnoo e 40,000 e hitaande 2008. E lewru Maayu 2013, Eklesiya Iisaa-al-Masiihu (LDS Church) waɗii porogaraam pinal ngam mawninde duuɓi capanɗe ɗiɗi e taariindi Mongo, Eklesiya 10,900 suudu ekklessiya nder leydi ndi.[30] Won ko ina tolnoo e 1,000 katolik e nder leydi Monngoliya , e hitaande 2003, misioneer gooto ummoriiɗo Filipiin innitiraa ko bismaango katolik gadano e nder leydi Monngoliya.[31] E hitaande 2017 Adventist en ñalnde jeeɗiɗaɓere kollitii 2,700 tergal e nder ekklesiyaaji jeegom ko ɓuri tergal zero e hitaande 1991.[32]

Tuugnorgal

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Ulanbator
Bayankhonngor
  1. ↑ Michael Jerryson, Mongolian Buddhism: The Rise and Fall of the Sangha, (Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2007), 89.
  2. ↑ "Mongolia – Religion". Michigan State University. Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
  3. ↑ Sik, Ko Swan (1990). Nationality and International Law in Asian Perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 39. ISBN 9780792308768. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  4. ↑ Sik, Ko Swan (1990). Nationality and International Law in Asian Perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 39. ISBN 9780792308768. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  5. ↑ "POPULATION OF MONGOLIA, by region, aimags and the Capital, urban and rural". National Statistics Office of Mongolia. Retrieved 2025-05-21.
  6. ↑ "POPULATION OF MONGOLIA, by sex and urban/rural". National Statistics Office of Mongolia. Retrieved 2025-05-21.
  7. ↑ "WPP2006_Highlights_0823.doc" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  8. ↑ "Mongolia" (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  9. ↑ "WPP2006_Highlights_0823.doc" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  10. ↑ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2009). "The impact of the political and economic transition on fertility and family formation in Mongolia. A synthetic parity progression ratio analysis". Asian Population Studies. 5 (2): 127–151. doi:10.1080/17441730902992067. ISSN 1744-1730. S2CID 153650562.
  11. ↑ "Fertility rate: children per woman". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  12. ↑ "Mongolia – Climate and soils". Britannica (in Engeleere). Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-05.
  13. ↑ "Second wave of Chinese invasion". Sydney Morning Herald. August 13, 2007. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  14. ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
  15. ↑ "University and college students to learn Mongolian script from upcoming academic year". MONTSAME News Agency (in Engeleere). Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
  16. ↑ "Монгол хэлний тухай хууль". Эрх зүйн мэдээллийн нэгдсэн систем (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2024-05-19.
  17. ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
  18. ↑ Huaxia (2 January 2025). "Mongolia adopts dual scripts for legal, official documents". Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 4 January 2025. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  19. ↑ Shinjee, Bolormaa; Dovchin, Sender (2023-07-28). "SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN MONGOLIA". In Ball, Martin J.; Mesthrie, Rajend; Meluzzi, Chiara (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World (2 ed.). London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003198345. ISBN 978-1-003-19834-5. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  20. ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
  21. ↑ Цыбенова, Ч. С.; Жалсанова, В. Г. (2022-08-31). "Русский язык в повседневном дискурсе монголов (данные экспертного опроса)". Научный диалог (in Riis). 11 (6): 158–181. doi:10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-6-158-181. ISSN 2227-1295. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  22. ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
  23. ↑ Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.). The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-317-35449-9.
  24. ↑ Б.Анхтуяа (2023-08-02). "Mongolia makes English the first foreign language in secondary education - News.MN". News.MN - The source of news (in Engeleere). Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
  25. ↑ Han, Jae-hyuck (May 5, 2006). "Today in Mongolia: Everyone can speak a few words of Korean". Office of the President, Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  26. ↑ "Mongolia". United States Department of State (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  27. ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Template:Cite encyclopedia
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "China's Grip on Mongolia's Quest for Spiritual Leadership". thediplomat.com (in Engeleere). Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  30. ↑ "Members Celebrate 20 Years of Church in Mongolia". churchofjesuschrist.org. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Religions in Mongolia". Mongolia-attractions.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
  32. ↑ "Mongolia Mission". Adventistyearbook.org. 2019-12-16. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 2020-05-29.



 
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