Italiya

leydi, jeetaare leydi
Yemre	Yuroopu, European Union, European Economic Area, Southern Europe
Golle imaaɗe	18 Korse 1946
Inditirde	Repubblica Italiana
Laamu innde	Repubblica Italiana, Italia
Lesdinkeejum	Repubblica Italiana, Italia
Mutiɗa innde	🇮🇹
IPA transcription	ɪˈtalʲɪjə
Named after	Roman Italy
Ɗemngal ngal sarwiisiiji leydi fu njoni haalude	Italian
Doondo leydi	Il Canto degli Italiani
Tagu	culture of Italy
Jammoore leydi	no value
Duungal	Yuroopu
Lesdi	Italiya
Laamorde	Rom
Hiiri-weeti pelle	Europe/Rome
Located in or next to body of water	Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea, Ligurian Sea, Mediterranean Sea
Annditirɗum	Southern Europe, Mediterranean Basin
Jonde kwa'odineto	42°30′0″N 12°30′0″E
Kwa'odineto lettugal	40°6′26″N 18°31′14″E
Soɓɓire	47°6′0″N 12°10′48″E
Horɗoore	36°38′48″N 15°4′47″E
Gorgal	45°6′12″N 6°37′36″E
Towendi	Mont Blanc
Hoɓade	Contane
Laamu sarti celluɗo	parliamentary republic
Birrol parti politikki	President of Italy
Arɗiiɗo lesdi	Sergio Mattarella
Office held by head of government	Prime Minister of Italy
Hooreejo leydi	Giorgia Meloni
Has cabinet	Council of Ministers of Italy
Laamu battaa en	Government of Italy
Laamu depitee en	Italian Parliament
Highest judicial authority	Supreme Court of Cassation
Central bank	Bank of Italy
Cede	Euro
Driving side	right
Electrical plug type	Europlug, Schuko, Type L
Follows	Kingdom of Italy
Replaces	Kingdom of Italy
Laawol ngol laamu anndani	http://www.italia.it/
Hashtag	Italy
Golle gofernema	.it
Main regulatory text	Constitution of Italy
Deesewal	flag of Italy
Coat of arms	emblem of Italy
Joogarafii	geography of Italy
Has characteristic	free country
Taariki	history of Italy
Patron saint	Francis of Assisi, Catherine of Siena
Shape	boot
Railway traffic side	left
Open data portal	Open Data Portal Italy
Ndesa	economy of Italy
Annaji Aljeri	demographics of Italy
Gregorian calendar start date	15 Yarkomaa 1582
OpenStreetMap zoom level	5
Free/libre open source software development policy URL	https://docs.italia.it/italia/piano-triennale-ict/codice-amministrazione-digitale-docs/it/v2018-09-28/index.html
Mobile country code	222
Country calling code	+39
Trunk prefix	no value
Emergency phone number	112, 113, 115, 118
GS1 country code	800-839
Licence plate code	I
Maritime identification digits	247
Unicode character	🇮🇹
Category for honorary citizens of entity	Category:Honorary citizens from Italy
Category for maps	Category:Maps of Italy

Italiya (Itali), e nder Jamhuriyawol Italiya, ko leydi ngonndi e Yuroopu fuɗnaange[12] e hirnaange[13]. Nde woni ko e duunde yaajnde haa hakkunde maayo Mediteraane, Alpes ina woni e keerol leydi mum to bannge worgo, kam e duuɗe, teeŋti noon e Sisili e Sardiin.[15] Itali ina renndini keeri mum e Farayse, Siwis, Otiris, Sloveni e enklaasuuji ɗiɗi : Vatikan e San Marino. Ko leydi sappoɓiri ɓurndi mawnude e nder Yuroopu, tawi ko 301 340 km2 (116 350 km2),[3] e leydi tataɓiri ɓurndi heewde yimɓe e nder Dental Yuroopu, tawi ko fotde 60 miliyoŋ neɗɗo.[16] Laamorde mayre e wuro ɓurngo mawnude ko Rome; nokkuuji mawɗi goɗɗi e nder gure ina mbaɗi Milan, Naples, Turin, Firenze, e Venezuela.

E jamanuuji ɓooyɗi, leydi Itali ina hoɗi leƴƴi keewɗi ; wuro Latin Rome, sosaa ko e Laamu, wonti Republique jaalɗi e winndere Mediteraane, laami ɗum e nder teeminanɗe e nder Laamu.[17] Nde diine kerecee en njalti, Rome wonti jooɗorde Egliis Katolik e Papa. Wakkati arannde duubi cakaari, leydi Itali heɓti ɓustugo laamu hirnaange Ruum e eggugo nder lenyol Almaañ. E teeminannde 11ɓiire, gure-dowlaaji Itaali e republiqueeji maayo njaajni, ngaddi ƴellitaare hesere rewrude e njulaagu e lelnude golle ngam kapitaalisma hannde.[18][19] Renaissance Itaali ƴellitiima e nder teeminannde 15ɓiire e 16ɓiire, nde yahi haa e nder Yuroopu heddiiɓe ɓee. Wiɗtooɓe Itaali njiyti laabi kesi feewde Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e Aduna Keso, ardii jamaanu yiytugol Yuroopu. Kono, teeminanɗe luural e hareeji hakkunde gure-dowlaaji, addi duunde ndee feccii.[20] E nder teeminannde 17ɓiire e 18ɓiire, nafoore faggudu Itaali ustii no feewi.[21]

Caggal teeminanɗe peccitagol politik e leydi, leydi Itali fotnoo ko hawrude e hitaande 1861, caggal hareeji jeytaare e njillu ujunere, sosde Laamu Itali.[22] Gila e darorɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire haa e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, leydi Itali yaawi ƴellitaade, ko ɓuri heewde ko to bannge worgo, heɓi laamu koloñaal,[23] tawi fuɗnaange ina heddii e baasal mawngal, ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade heewde eggiyankooɓe to Amerik.[24] Tuggi 1915 haa 1918, leydi Itali tawtoraama wolde adunaare adannde e fedde wiyeteende Entente ngam haɓaade leyɗe hakkundeeje. E hitaande 1922, laamu fasist Itali sosaa. E nder wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, Itali woniino jeyaaɗo e Axis haa nde o rokki leyɗeele dentuɗe ɗee (1940–1943), caggal ɗuum o woni ko e haɓde e leyɗeele dentuɗe ɗee e nder hare Itaali e ndimaagu Itali (1943–1945). Caggal wolde nde, laamu nguu lomtii republique, leydi ndi heɓi ƴellitaare tiiɗnde.[25]

Leydi ƴellitiindi, Itali ina jogii PIB nominaal nayaɓo e nder winndere ndee, leydi ɗiɗmiri e nder Yuroopu,[26] ina jogii darnde mawnde e nder diiwaan[27] e winndere ndee[28] faggudu, konu, pinal, e... geɗe dipolomasi. Itali ko leydi sosndi e ardiindi Dental Yuroopu, ina jeyaa e juɓɓule winndereeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen OTAN, G7 e G20, Dental Latin e Dental Mediteraane. Ko ɗum leydi mawndi pinal, leydi Itali ɓooyii wonde nokku ganndiraaɗo naalankaagal, jimɗi, binndol, cukaagu, moodel, ganndal e karallaagal, kadi ko ɗoon woni nokku keewɗo peeje e jiytugol.[29] Ko kañum ɓuri heewde e winndere ndee nokkuuji ndonaandi (59), kadi ko kañum woni leydi joyaɓiri ɓurndi heewde yilleede.

Tariya

Ko adii daartol e ɓooygol

Ko woni e Monte Poggiolo, ko ina wona duuɓi 850 000 ko ina wona duuɓi 850 000.[43] Waɗde, njiylawu e nder leydi Itali fof hollitii wonde Neandertal en ina ngondi e jamaanu Paleolitik hakkundeejo duuɓi 200 000 jooni,[44] tawi noon yimɓe hannde ɓee peeñii ko ina wona duuɓi 40 000 jooni to Riparo Mochi.[45]

Leƴƴi ɓooyɗi Itali ko adii Roomnaaɓe ko Indo-Yuroopunaaɓe, teeŋti noon e leƴƴi Italik en. Leƴƴi daartol ɓurɗi waawde wonde ɗi ngonaa Inndo-Yuroopunaaɓe walla ko adii Inndo-Yuroopunaaɓe ina njeyaa heen Etrusk en, Elymi en e Sicani en Sisili, e Sardiin en ko adii daartol, jibinɓe siwil Nuragic. Yimɓe ɓooyɓe woɗɓe ina njeyaa heen leñol Rhaetian e Camunni ; anndaaɓe e nate maɓɓe kaaƴe to Valkamonika.[46] Mummy naftoowo, Ötzi, mo duuɓi 3400-3100 ko adii jibineede Iisaa, yiytaa ko e nder ŋoral Similaun e hitaande 1991.[47]

Koloñaal en adanɓe ko Fenisinaaɓe, ɓe cosi emporium e daande maayo Sisili e Sardiin. Won heen ngonti nokkuuji tokoosi e nder gure, ƴellitiima no feewi e koloniiji Giriik en.[48] Hakkunde teeminannde 17ɓiire e 11ɓiire ko adii jibineede Iisaa, Gerek en Miseniya njokkondiri e leydi Itali.[49] E nder teeminannde 8ɓiire e 7ɓiire, koloniiji Gerek en ndartinaama to Pithecusae, haa jooni ina njahdi e fuɗnaange duunde Itaali e daande maayo Sisili, nokku mo caggal mum anndiraa Magna Graecia.[50] Iyon en, koloñaal en Dorik en, Sirakusan en e Akeen en sosi gure ceertuɗe. Kolonizaasiyoŋ Giriik en mbaɗii leƴƴi Italic en jokkondirde e laamuuji demokaraasi e kollitooji naalankaagal e pinal toowɗi.[51]

Room ɓooyɗo

Rome ɓooyɗo, koɗorde wonnde e maayo Tiber to caka leydi Itali, sosaa ko e hitaande 753 ko adii jibineede Iisaa, laaminoo ko duuɓi 244 e dow laamu laamɗo. E hitaande 509 ko adii jibineede Iisaa, Roomnaaɓe, e yiɗde laamu Senaa e yimɓe (SPQR), ndiwi laamu nguu, cosi laamu oligarki.

Duunde Itaali, inniraande Itaali, hawraama e dental gootal e nder yaajde Roomnaaɓe, heɓtude leyɗeele kese keewɗe ko e dow ballal leƴƴi Itaali keddiiɗi ɗii, hono Etrusk en, Selt en e Gerek en. Fedde duumiinde, e ko ɓuri heewde e leƴƴi e gure nokku oo, sosaa, Room fuɗɗii heɓtude Hirnaange Yuroopu, Fuɗnaange Afrik, e Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo. E nder warngo Julius Caesar e hitaande 44 ko adii jibineede Iisaa, Room mawni haa wonti laamu mawngu, tuggi Angalteer haa e keeri Persi, ngu ɓuuɓni denndaangal maayo Mediteraane, ɗo pine Gerek en, Room en e pine goɗɗe kawri e nder mum en, mbaɗti wonde siwil doole. Laamu juutngu ngu laamɗo gadano oo, hono Augustus, fuɗɗii jamaanu jam e ƴellitaare. Itaali Roomnaaɓe heddii ko wuro mawngo laamu nguu, leydi Roomnaaɓe e leydi laamorgo ngoo.[53]

Nde diiwanuuji Roomnaaɓe ndarni e nder Mediteraane fof, Itali ina joginoo darnde teeŋtunde, nde waɗi ɗum domina provinciarum (‘laamɗo diiwanuuji’),[54][55][56] e—haa teeŋti noon e ko yowitii e teeminanɗe gadane deeƴre laamu —rectrix mundi (‘laamɗo winndere’)[57][58] e omnium terrarum parens (‘jibinannde leyɗeele kala’).[59][60]

Laamu Room ina jeyaa e ɓurɗi mawnude e daartol, ina joginoo doole mawɗe to bannge faggudu, to bannge pinal, to bannge politik, to bannge konu. E nder mawnugol maggol, ina waɗi miliyoŋaaji 5 kiloomeeteer kaaree (1,9 miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer kaaree).[61] Lefol Room ina luggiɗi e siwil hirnaange ina mbayla aduna hannde oo. Kuutoragol ɗemɗe Roman en yaajɗe ummoraade e Latin, njuɓɓudi limto, alkule e limlebbi hirnaange hannde, e feeñde diine kerecee en e nder diine winndere, ina jeyaa e ko heewi e njiimaandi Roman en.[62]

Duuɓi hakkundeeji

Caggal nde laamu Room Hirnaange yani, leydi Itali yani e laamu Odoacer, Ostrogoth en nanngi ɗum.[63] Naatgol ngol waɗii jiiɓru toɗɗagol laamuuji e ko sikkaa ko "Duɓi niɓɓi". Naatgol leñol Germanic goɗngol e nder teeminannde 6ɓiire, hono Lombards, ustii woodgol Bizantiin en, ɗum joofni ngootaagu politik e nder duunde ndee e nder duuɓi 1 300 garooji ɗii. Fuɗnaange woni laamu Lombard en, caka-fuɗnaange kadi ko Lombard en njiimi ɗum, nokkuuji goɗɗi ina keddii e Bizantiin.[64]

Laamu Lombard nguu, Charlemagne ƴetti ɗum e Farayse e darorɗe teeminannde 8ɓiire, wonti Laamu Itali.[65] Frank en mballitii e sosde Dowlaaji Papal. Haa teeminannde 13ɓiire, politik ɓuri heewde ko jokkondiral hakkunde laamɓe Room ceniiɗi e Papaasiyoŋ, tawi dowlaaji-gure ina njokkondiri e laamɓe adanɓe (Ghibellines) walla e ɗiɗaɓere (Guelphs) ngam heɓde nafoore seeɗa.[66] Laamɗo Almaañ e pontiff Room laatii laamuuji winndereeji e nder Orop e yontaaji hakkundeeji. Kono tan, luural dow luural Investiture e hakkunde Guelphs e Ghibellines timminii laamu laamɗo-feudal to fuɗnaange, ɗo gure keɓi jeytaare mum en.[67] E hitaande 1176, fedde Lombard en, fooli laamɗo Room ceniiɗo biyeteeɗo Frederick Barbarossa, tabitini ndimaagu mum en.

Wuro-dowlaaji—e.g. Milan, Florence, Venice—ngaɗii darnde mawnde e nder ƴellitaare kaalis e ƴellitde golle bankeeji, e rokkude mbaadiiji kesi yuɓɓo renndo.[68] E nder nokkuuji daande maayo e fuɗnaange, republiqueeji maayo ɓuri heewde e Mediteraane, ina njogii njulaagu to Fuɗnaange. Ɓe ngoni ko e dowlaaji talasokraasi jeytaare, ɗo njulaagu ina joginoo doole keewɗe. Hay so tawii ko oligarkiiji, ndimaagu politik ngu ɓe ndokki nguu ina addana ɓe yahrude yeeso to bannge jaŋde e naalankaagal.[69] Republiqueeji maayo ɓurɗi anndeede ko Venezuela, Genova, Pisa, e Amalfi.[70] Gooto heen fof ina joginoo laamu e dow leyɗeele caggal maayo, duuɗe, leyɗeele e maayo Adriyatik, Ege, e maayo ɓaleejo, e koloniiji njulaagu to Fuɗnaange ɓadiiɗo e Fuɗnaange Afrik.[71]

Venezuela e Genoa ko dame Orop feewde Fuɗnaange, e peewnugol gilaasi laaɓɗo, Florence ko nokku caka silki, wutte, bankeeji, e jeewte. Ngalu keɓaaɗo oo firti ko eɓɓaaɗe naalankaagal mawɗe laamu e keeriiɗo ina mbaawi yamireede. Republiqueeji ɗii tawtoraama hareeji kulɓiniiɗi, ina ndokka ballal, ina ndokka yah-ngartaa, kono ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ina ƴetta fartaŋŋeeji politik e njulaagu.[69] Itaali adii nande mbayliigaaji faggudu baɗnooɗi mbayliigu njulaagu : Venezuela waawii ittude laamorgo Bizantiin e kaalis ngam yahdu Marco Polo to Asii ; duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde gadane ɗee sosaa ko e gure Itaali, annduɓe hono Aquinas keɓii darnde winndereyankoore ; kapitaali e galleeji bankeeji peeñi ko e Firenze, ɗo Dante e Giotto ngonnoo hedde hitaande 1300.[18] To bannge worgo, Sisili wontiino emiraaji lislaam aarabeeɓe e teeminannde 9ɓiire, ina ƴellitoo haa Italo-Norman en keɓti ɗum e darorɗe teeminannde 11ɓiire, wondude e ko ɓuri heewde e laamuuji Lombard en e Bizantiin en to fuɗnaange Itali.[72] Caggal ɗuum diiwaan oo feccii hakkunde Laamu Sisili e Laamu Naples.[d][73] Maayde ɓaleere hitaande 1348 warii ma a taw tataɓal yimɓe leydi Itali.[74]

Italiya
Laabi njulaagu, koloniiji Genova e Venezuela.

Fuɗɗoode jamaanu hannde

E nder kitaale 1400 e 1500, ko leydi Itali woni jibinannde e ɓernde Rennaissance. Oo jamaanu woni waylo-waylo gila e jamaanu hakkundeejo haa e jamaanu hannde, kadi ko jawdi ndi gure njulaagu moofti e ballal ɓesnguuji ɓurɗi heewde.[75] Politikuuji Itaali ngoni jooni ko dowlaaji diiwaanuuji ɗi laamɓe laaminoo, ina njogii njulaagu e njuɓɓudi laamu, kadi ñaawirɗe mum en ngontii nokkuuji naalankaagal e gannde. Ɗee laamɓe ardinoo ko laamuuji politik e ɓesnguuji njulaagu, ko wayi no Medici en to Firenze. Caggal nde njillu hirnaange joofi, Pape Martin V cuɓaaɗo keso oo arti e Dowlaaji Paap, artiri Itali, woni nokku gooto tan e nder diine kerecee en hirnaange. Banki Medici waɗaama nokkuure nde Papacy, jokkindiral mawngal waɗaama hakkunde Eklesiya e laamuuji siyaasaaku kesi.[75][76]

E hitaande 1453, hay so tawii golle Pape Nikolaa V ina mbaɗi ngam wallitde Bizantiin en, wuro Konstantinopol yani e juuɗe Ottomaan en. Ɗum addani annduɓe e binndi Giriik en eggude to leydi Itali, ɗum addani ɓe yiytude neɗɗankaagal Giriik en.[77] Laamɓe aadee en hono Federico da Montefeltro e Pape Pius II ngollii ngam sosde gure moƴƴe, ɓe cosi Urbino e Pienza. Pico della Mirandola winndi “Oraasiyoŋ” e dow ndimaagu neɗɗo, ina sikkaa ko manifesto renndo. E nder naalankaagal, jibinannde itaaliyankeewal waɗii semmbe mawɗo e naalankaagal Orop e nder teeminanɗe, e naalankooɓe ko wayi no Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giyotto, Donatello, e Titian, e mahooɓe ko wayi no Filippo Brunelleski, Andrea Palladio, e Donato Bramante. Wiɗtooɓe e yahooɓe e laana ndiwoowa Itaalinaaɓe ummoriiɓe e republique maritime, yiɗɓe heɓde laawol goɗngol feewde Inndo ngam rewrude e Ottomaan en, ndokki golle mum en laamɓe leyɗeele Atlantik, mbaɗii darnde tiiɗnde e udditde yontaaji yiytugol e koloñaal Amerik. Ɓuri teskeede heen ko : Kiristof Kolommbi, udditnooɗo Amerik ngam heɓtude Oropnaaɓe;[78] John Cabot, Oropnaajo gadano yiylaade Amerik worgo gila e Norse en;[79] e Amerigo Vespucci, holliroowo wonde Aduna Keso oo wonaa Asii e nder mum hedde hitaande 1501, duunde Amerik inniraa ko makko.[80][81]

Fedde ndeenka anndiraande Ligue Italique sosaa hakkunde Venezuela, Naples, Firenze, Milan, e Papaasiyoŋ. Lorenzo le Magnifique de Medici ko kañum woni gardiiɗo Renaissance, ballal makko addani Ligue 100 dartinde njiimaandi Turki en. Kawtal ngal noon, yani ko e kitaale 1490 ; njiimaandi Charles VIII mo Farayse fuɗɗii hareeji keewɗi e nder duunde he. E jamaanu Rennaissance toowɗo, Papeeji ko wayi no Julius II (1503–1513) kaɓi ngam heɓtude leydi Itali e laamɓe jananɓe ; Paul III (1534-1549) ɓuri yiɗde ko jokkondirde hakkunde leyɗeele Orop ngam heɓde jam. E nder ɗeen hareeji, paabi Medici Leo X (1513-1521) e Clement VII (1523-1534) ina njokkondiri e mbayliigu Protestan en to Almaañ, Angalteer e nokkuuji goɗɗi.

E hitaande 1559, e joofnirde hareeji Itaali hakkunde Farayse e Habsbourg en, fotde feccere Itaali (Laamuuji fuɗnaange Naples, Sisili, Sarde, e Dukaa Milan) ngonnoo ko e les njiimaandi Espaañ, feccere woɗnde ndee heddii ko e ndimaagu mum (heewɓe). dowlaaji njokki e wonde e nder Laamu Room Ceniingu). Papaasiyoŋ oo fuɗɗii koolol ngol ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude : batu Trent (1545–1563); jaɓgol limlebbi Gregori; misiyoŋ Siin jesuit en; hareeji diine Farayse; joofnirde wolde duuɓi capanɗe tati (1618–1648); e wolde Turki mawnde. Faggudu leydi Itali yani e kitaale 1600 e 1700.

E nder wolde lomto Espaañ (1700–1714), Otiris heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e domenaaji Espaañ to Itali, woni Milan, Naples e Sardiin ; ko sakkitii koo rokkaama galle Savoy ngam waylude Sisili e hitaande 1720. Caggal ɗuum, calsal Bourbon en ƴetti jappeere Sisili e Naples. E nder wolde Napoleyoŋ, worgo e caka Itali yuɓɓinaama no Republiques Sisters de Farayse nii, caggal ɗuum, ko Laamu Itali.[82] Fuɗnaange oo ko Joachim Murat, jom-suudu Napoleyoŋ ardinoo ɗum. Kongres Vienne 1814 artiri ngonka darorɗe teeminannde 18ɓiire, kono miijooji njiimaandi Farayse mbaawaano momteede, kadi ɗi ngartirii e sahaa jiiɓru politik baɗnoondu e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ko adii fof, ko dowla Itaali, hono Republique Cispadane, ƴetti mbaydi tati (3) Itaali, waɗi ko e laamu Itaali Napoleyoŋ, caggal nde Farayse ƴetti njiimaandi ngenndi.[83] Ndee hiirde ina mawninee e ñalawma Tricolor.[84]

Nate

Tuugnorgal

Leydi e Yuroopu

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